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Intrusion Detection System for Smart Industrial Environments with Ensemble Feature Selection and Deep Convolutional Neural Networks 被引量:1
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作者 Asad Raza Shahzad Memon +1 位作者 Muhammad Ali Nizamani Mahmood Hussain Shah 《Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing》 2024年第3期545-566,共22页
Smart Industrial environments use the Industrial Internet of Things(IIoT)for their routine operations and transform their industrial operations with intelligent and driven approaches.However,IIoT devices are vulnerabl... Smart Industrial environments use the Industrial Internet of Things(IIoT)for their routine operations and transform their industrial operations with intelligent and driven approaches.However,IIoT devices are vulnerable to cyber threats and exploits due to their connectivity with the internet.Traditional signature-based IDS are effective in detecting known attacks,but they are unable to detect unknown emerging attacks.Therefore,there is the need for an IDS which can learn from data and detect new threats.Ensemble Machine Learning(ML)and individual Deep Learning(DL)based IDS have been developed,and these individual models achieved low accuracy;however,their performance can be improved with the ensemble stacking technique.In this paper,we have proposed a Deep Stacked Neural Network(DSNN)based IDS,which consists of two stacked Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)models as base learners and Extreme Gradient Boosting(XGB)as the meta learner.The proposed DSNN model was trained and evaluated with the next-generation dataset,TON_IoT.Several pre-processing techniques were applied to prepare a dataset for the model,including ensemble feature selection and the SMOTE technique.Accuracy,precision,recall,F1-score,and false positive rates were used to evaluate the performance of the proposed ensemble model.Our experimental results showed that the accuracy for binary classification is 99.61%,which is better than in the baseline individual DL and ML models.In addition,the model proposed for IDS has been compared with similar models.The proposed DSNN achieved better performance metrics than the other models.The proposed DSNN model will be used to develop enhanced IDS for threat mitigation in smart industrial environments. 展开更多
关键词 industrial internet of things smart industrial environment cyber-attacks convolutional neural network ensemble learning
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Environmental Regulation,Pollution Treatment Productivity,and Industrial Environmental TFP in China 被引量:2
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作者 梁泳梅 董敏杰 《China Economist》 2015年第4期98-123,共26页
Amidst growing environmental protection intensity by the Chinese government, this paper investigates the effects of environmental regulation on China's industrial pollution treatment productivity and environmental TF... Amidst growing environmental protection intensity by the Chinese government, this paper investigates the effects of environmental regulation on China's industrial pollution treatment productivity and environmental TFP. By estimating China's pollution treatment productivity between 2001 and 2008 and analyzing environmental regulation intensity and the effects of the relevant factors and pollution treatment productivity using panel data, this paper discovers that (1) pollution treatment productivity contributed a significant share of about 40% to industrial environmental TFP during the investigation period; (2) environmental regulation may not necessarily cause adverse impacts on pollution treatment efficiency and productivity but demonstrates a U-shaped relationship: when the share of pollution treatment cost in industrial value-added is above the range of 3.8%-5.1%, environmental regulation is likely to promote pollution treatment productivity and thus environmental TFP Judging by the estimation result, enhancing environmental protection and expediting the development of ecological civilization are conducive to China "s economic transition towards an intensive, efficient, circular, and sustainable development pattern. China's current industrial development has the capacity to tolerate a rather demanding level of pollution treatment and management and China needs to further rely on energy conservation and the environmental production industries to promote the progress of pollution treatment technologies. 展开更多
关键词 environmental regulation industrial environmental TFP pollution treatment productivity dynamic panel the Generalized Method of Moments.
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Decomposition of China's Industrial Environmental Total Factor Productivity Sources: Analysis Based on Factor Input and Pollution Treatment
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作者 董敏杰 李钢 梁泳梅 《China Economist》 2012年第5期116-135,共20页
Following slack-based inefficiency measurement method and Luenberger productivity index, this paper decomposes industrial environmental TFP index by input factors and output to estimate the sources of China's industr... Following slack-based inefficiency measurement method and Luenberger productivity index, this paper decomposes industrial environmental TFP index by input factors and output to estimate the sources of China's industrial environmental TFP. Results indicate that (1) China's industrial environmental TFP increased between 2001 and 2007 but declined in 2008 under the effect of global financial crisis; (2) input utilization productivity contributes 1/3 to industrial environmental TFP and pollution treatment productivity contributes about 2/3, which means that pollution treatment will effectively increase industrial environmental TFP; (3) capital utilization productivity contributes I/6 to input productivity and labor utilization productivity contributes about 5/6, which means that progress of labor production technologies is an effective means to increase industrial environmental TFP; (4) COD treatment productivity contributes roughly 2/3 to pollution treatment productivity, and S02 treatment productivity contributes about 1/3, which shows that priority on COD treatment will more effectively increase industrial environmental TFP. 展开更多
关键词 industrial environmental TFP slack-based efficiency loss measurement Luenberger productivity inde
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Environmental impact from pollutants in densely settled industrial areas upon the Karstic groundwater body of Apulia(Italy)
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《Global Geology》 1998年第1期73-73,共1页
关键词 BODY environmental impact from pollutants in densely settled industrial areas upon the Karstic groundwater body of Apulia
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A Mechanism for Digital Finance to Drive Green and Low-Carbon Development
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作者 Shenhui Huang 《Proceedings of Business and Economic Studies》 2024年第3期59-64,共6页
Given the global focus on green and low-carbon development and the increasing prominence of digital finance,it is particularly important to explore how to leverage digital finance to achieve these environmental goals.... Given the global focus on green and low-carbon development and the increasing prominence of digital finance,it is particularly important to explore how to leverage digital finance to achieve these environmental goals.This study,through mechanism analysis,deeply examines how China’s digital finance promotes green and low-carbon development and elucidates the positive interaction between digital finance and the green industry.The study found that digital finance,through more flexible and efficient financial functions,alters the cost structure of carbon emissions,and reduces the risks and costs of green investments,thereby creating a cooperative green mechanism benefiting all parties,and guiding social groups toward a green and low-carbon transformation.Additionally,the rapid development of digital finance has strengthened the implementation of environmental protection policies,effectively promoted the expansion of the environmental protection industry,and established the green ethos as a mainstream concept in financial development.This study aims to provide reference perspectives and suggestions,assist policymakers in promoting the green and lowcarbon development of digital finance,and offer insights into the integrated development of digital finance and the green environmental protection industry. 展开更多
关键词 Digital finance Green and low-carbon development Carbon emission cost environmental protection policy Green environmental protection industry
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An approach to the influence of industrial structure on urban ecological environment
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作者 Cui Fengjun Ru Jiang Xu Yunlin(Center for Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China) 《Journal of Environmental Sciences》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 1994年第4期440-448,共9页
dustrial structure is key link of man's action to ecological environmental system. Its combina-tion type and intensity determine, to a great extent, economic benefit, resources utilization efficiency andstress on ... dustrial structure is key link of man's action to ecological environmental system. Its combina-tion type and intensity determine, to a great extent, economic benefit, resources utilization efficiency andstress on environment. So the assessment to the rationality of industrial structure is of great importance. Inpresent paper, the research theories and ways on relationship between industrial structure and ecological en-vironmental systems were put forward. Environmental carrying capacity (ECC) was adopted to describequantitatively the relationship between man's social economic activity and environmental resources. At theend of this paper. analysis was made with Benxi City as an example. 展开更多
关键词 industrial structure ecological environmental system environmental carrying capacity BenxiCity.
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Costs and Benefits of China's Environmental Regulation
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作者 李钢 马岩 姚磊磊 《China Economist》 2011年第3期70-81,共12页
This paper examines the current costs, benefits and intensity of China's industrial environment regulation, as well as the path of regulatory enhancement. Regulatory intensity has been on the rise since 1997. The int... This paper examines the current costs, benefits and intensity of China's industrial environment regulation, as well as the path of regulatory enhancement. Regulatory intensity has been on the rise since 1997. The intensity was only 43 in 1997 and then reached 68 by 2007. This paper for the first time compares the treatment costs at the front and rear ends of pollution chain, employs the concept of regulatory benefit multiplier, and calculates the benefit multipliers for different pollutants. Results indicate that enhanced environmental protection since 1997 makes social and economic sense, particularly for the front end treatment of various pollutants since 2004, which have considerable economic benefits. After comparing the benefit multipliers, we have prioritized the pollutants for regulatory consideration: environmental regulation shouM be made tougher for waste water first, and then dust and fumes, followed by SO2 and lastly CO2. This will help to achieve the best environmental outcomes while incurring no additional economic costs. 展开更多
关键词 protection of industrial environment environmental regulation environmental cost COMPETITIVENESS
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Dynamic trend analysis on relational effect of environmental protection industry in China
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作者 Liang Yanju Yin Xiguo Tan Zhixiong Ren Yanyan 《Ecological Economy》 2006年第2期170-182,共13页
EPI (environmental protection indastry) and three industries constitute aur national economic structuse. By Grey System Theory and correlation effect analytical method for the first time, this paper analyzes the rel... EPI (environmental protection indastry) and three industries constitute aur national economic structuse. By Grey System Theory and correlation effect analytical method for the first time, this paper analyzes the relatioaship degree between environmental protection industry and the three causes including industries involved in China in both qualitative and quantitotive aspects. Both the innate tale and the realistic reasons nf the relational degree are further analyzed by utilizing sastninoble development theory, circulating economy theol., ecological equilibrium theory, externality theory. industrial structure theory, and ecology prinrity rules. From all the analysts, this paper reveals the relationship between EPI and three industries. In addition, it offers suggestions to the feasibility of adjusting the industrial structure and developing the environmental protection industry in our country. 展开更多
关键词 Grey system Relationship degree environmental protection industry Dynamic trend analysis
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Technological Situation ofChina's Environmental Protection Industry and Key Sphere of ForeignCooperation
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《China's Foreign Trade》 1998年第10期18-20,共3页
关键词 Technological Situation ofChina’s environmental Protection Industry and Key Sphere of ForeignCooperation
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Macro Impact of the Law on Prevention and Control of Atmospheric Pollution on Power Industry Development
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作者 王志轩 《Electricity》 2001年第2期38-41,共4页
The newly revised and enlarged main contents of the Law of Prevention and Control of Atmospheric Pollution are described, The macro impacts of the law on the power industry development are analyzed mainly in respects ... The newly revised and enlarged main contents of the Law of Prevention and Control of Atmospheric Pollution are described, The macro impacts of the law on the power industry development are analyzed mainly in respects to power demand and readjustment of power structure and layout. clean production and pollution control level, scientific management of environmental protection, in accordance with law as well as changes of construction and operation costs. And finally, several questions worthy to be noted in course of implementation of the new law are enumerated. 展开更多
关键词 law of environmental protection atmospheric pollution power industry
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Characterization and application of tourmaline and beryl from Brazilian pegmatite in adsorption process with divalent metals 被引量:3
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作者 Denis L.Guerra Silze P.Oliveira +2 位作者 Ricardo A.R.Silva Victor Leidens Adriano C.Batista 《International Journal of Mining Science and Technology》 SCIE EI 2012年第5期711-718,共8页
In this study,the original tourmaline and beryl mineral samples have been collected from a Brazilian pegmatite.The objective of this study was to examine the adsorption behavior of Brazilian ciclosilicate samples,towa... In this study,the original tourmaline and beryl mineral samples have been collected from a Brazilian pegmatite.The objective of this study was to examine the adsorption behavior of Brazilian ciclosilicate samples,towards divalent metals(Pb 2+,Mn 2+,and Zn 2+) in ethanol solution has been studies by a batch technique.The ciclosilicate samples were characterized by elemental analysis,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,helium picnometry,mercury porosity,and nitrogen adsorption-desorption.The Langmuir expression for adsorption isotherm was applied in order to determine the adsorption capacity to form a monolayer and the constant related to the adsorption intensity.In aqueous solution there was a significant adsorption increase with the temperature and pronounced synergistic effects were observed.The maximum number of moles adsorbed was determined to be 12.48 and 11.49 mmol/g for systems Pb 2+ /beryl and Pb 2+ /tourmaline,respectively.The energetic effects caused by metal cations adsorption were determined through calorimetric titrations.Thermodynamics indicated the existence of favorable conditions for such Pb 2+-,Mn 2+-,and Zn 2+-OH interactions. 展开更多
关键词 industrial minerals environmental Pollution Surface modification Wasteprocesing
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Environmental exposure and flux of thallium by industrial activities utilizing thallium-bearing pyrite 被引量:4
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作者 CHEN YongHeng WANG ChunLin +3 位作者 LIU Juan WANG Jin QI JianYing WU YingJuan 《Science China Earth Sciences》 SCIE EI CAS 2013年第9期1502-1509,共8页
Thallium(Tl) is a typical toxic heavy metal,with higher toxicity to mammals than Hg,Cd,and Pb.Accurate assessments of its environmental exposure and flux are central to effective management and control of Tl pollution... Thallium(Tl) is a typical toxic heavy metal,with higher toxicity to mammals than Hg,Cd,and Pb.Accurate assessments of its environmental exposure and flux are central to effective management and control of Tl pollution.This paper first presents in detail the environmental exposure and flux of Tl by typical industrial activities utilizing Tl-bearing pyrite minerals to produce sulfuric acid.For this purpose,sequential extraction and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry(ICP-MS) were used to investigate total content and geo-chemical partitioning of Tl in raw pyrite ores and solid roasting wastes,thereby uncovering Tl distribution and transformation during the production process.Results showed that some portions of Tl bearing in the minerals went into vapor,which transferred Tl into different processes;and some portions of Tl went into water during the gas washing procedure,leaving some other portions remained in the solid slags.More importantly,detailed investigation revealed that 40% of Tl in the pyrite minerals was active,among which 25% of Tl originally in the pyrite minerals was washed into water during gas cleaning process and 15% of active Tl retained in the slags.The latter portion of active Tl could be possibly transferred to the soil or water with the slag deposal or being reused;and 60% of Tl remained relatively stable in the residual phase. 展开更多
关键词 environmental exposure and flux of thallium by industrial activities utilizing thallium-bearing pyrite
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A new prediction NN framework design for individual stock based on the industry environment
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作者 Qing Zhu Jianhua Che +1 位作者 Yuze Li Renxian Zuo 《Data Science and Management》 2022年第4期199-211,共13页
There is a research gap in accurately predicting an individual stock’s finances from industry environment factors.Therefore,to predict trading strategies for a target stock’s closing price,this study constructed a p... There is a research gap in accurately predicting an individual stock’s finances from industry environment factors.Therefore,to predict trading strategies for a target stock’s closing price,this study constructed a prediction module and an environment module for a hybrid variational mode decomposition and stacked gated recurrent unit(VMD-StackedGRU)model,with individual stock information input into the prediction module and industry information input into the environment module.The results from the U.S.banking industry generalization tests proved that the proposed model could significantly improve prediction performances and that the environment module did not play an important role and was not equal to the prediction module.The hybrid neural network framework was a new application for financial price predictions based on an industry environment.Profitable trading strategies and accurate predictions can be valuable in hedging against market volatility risk and in assuring significant returns for investors and investment institutions. 展开更多
关键词 Industry environment Prediction module Stacked GRU VMD
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To Create Favorable Legal Environment for Promoting Development of Electric Power Industry of China-Status Quo of and Prospects for Legislation and Government Regulations on China's Electric Power Industry
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《Electricity》 1997年第3期18-21,共4页
关键词 To Create Favorable Legal Environment for Promoting Development of Electric Power Industry of China-Status Quo of and Prospects for Legislation and Government Regulations on China’s Electric Power Industry
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Smart contract applications in the built environment: How prepared are Nigerian construction stakeholders?
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作者 Andrew EBEKOZIEN Clinton AIGBAVBOA +4 位作者 Samuel Adeniyi ADEKUNLE Mohamad Shaharudin SAMSURIJAN John ALIU Bernard Martins ARTHUR-AIDOO Godpower Chinyeru AMADI 《Frontiers of Engineering Management》 CSCD 2024年第1期50-61,共12页
Studies have demonstrated that advanced technology,such as smart contract applications,can enhance both pre-and post-contract administration within the built environment sector.Smart contract technology,exemplifying b... Studies have demonstrated that advanced technology,such as smart contract applications,can enhance both pre-and post-contract administration within the built environment sector.Smart contract technology,exemplifying blockchain technologies,has the potential to improve transparency,trust,and the security of data transactions within this sector.However,there is a dearth of academic literature concerning smart contract applications within the construction industries of developing countries,with a specific focus on Nigeria.Consequently,this study seeks to explore the relevance of smart contract technology and address the challenges impeding its adoption,offering strategies to mitigate the obstacles faced by smart contract applications.To investigate the stakeholders,this research conducted 14 virtual interview sessions to achieve data saturation.The interviewees encompassed project management practitioners,senior management personnel from construction companies,experts in construction dispute resolution,professionals in construction software,and representatives from government construction agencies.The data obtained from these interviews underwent thorough analysis employing a thematic approach.The study duly recognizes the significance of smart contract applications within the sector.Among the 12 identified barriers,issues such as identity theft and data leakage,communication and synchronization challenges,high computational expenses,lack of driving impetus,excessive electricity consumption,intricate implementation processes,absence of a universally applicable legal framework,and the lack of a localized legal framework were recurrent impediments affecting the adoption of smart contract applications within the sector.The study also delves into comprehensive measures to mitigate these barriers.In conclusion,this study critically evaluates the relevance of smart contract applications within the built environment,with a specific focus on promoting their usage.It may serve as a pioneering effort,especially within the context of Nigeria. 展开更多
关键词 built environment industry DIGITALIZATION Nigeria smart contract technological revolution
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Advancements and Prospects of Waterborne Coatings in the Coating Industry: A Comprehensive Analysis
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作者 Zhaoxian Che Yuhan He +1 位作者 Jiarong Shi Jie Zheng 《Journal of Social Science Development Research》 2024年第1期12-24,共13页
This paper presents an overview of resins used in coatings,categorizing them into commonly used cross-linking agents such as methyl etherified melamine formaldehyde resin,and matrix resins including acrylic resin,poly... This paper presents an overview of resins used in coatings,categorizing them into commonly used cross-linking agents such as methyl etherified melamine formaldehyde resin,and matrix resins including acrylic resin,polyurethane,epoxy resin,and alkyd resin.It further examines the demand and market size trends of these matrix resins in China over the recent seven years(2016-2022).The analysis reveals that in terms of both demand and market size,polyurethane resin ranks highest,followed by alkyd resin,acrylic resin,and epoxy resin.Additionally,the paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the development status,advantages,and macro-environment of the waterborne coatings industry.The competitive landscape within the industry is also discussed.The application of water-based coatings has shown significant potential to reduce the emission of pollutants such as volatile organic compounds(VOCs).Moreover,water-based coatings exhibit excellent performance characteristics.Market data from 2011 to the present indicates a consistent growth trend in the market size of waterborne coatings.However,intense competition among coating enterprises has led to a high level of product homogenization.In response to increasingly stringent national environmental protection policies,companies are accelerating the development and adoption of water-based coatings and other environmentally friendly products.This strategic shift towards waterborne coatings is expected to drive significant advancements and growth in the industry. 展开更多
关键词 Waterborne coatings Coating industry development environment Prospects of waterborne coatings
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Heavy Metal Release from Some Industrial Wastes: Influence of Organic and Inorganic Acids, Clay Minerals, and Nanoparticles 被引量:7
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作者 Marzieh TAGHIPOUR Mohsen JALALI 《Pedosphere》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2018年第1期70-83,共14页
Knowledge about heavy metal release from industrial solid wastes(ISWs) is crucial for better management of their environmental risks. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of organic and inorganic acids, ... Knowledge about heavy metal release from industrial solid wastes(ISWs) is crucial for better management of their environmental risks. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of organic and inorganic acids, clay minerals, and nanoparticles(NPs) on the release of heavy metals from sugar factory waste, ceramic factory waste, leather factory waste, and stone cutting waste. The influence of the extractants on heavy metal release from these ISWs was in the following descending order: citric acid > oxalic acid > nitric acid≥ sulfuric acid > Ca Cl2. Addition of clay minerals and NPs as adsorbents decreased heavy metal release, which was significantly lower in NP-treated wastes than in the clay mineral-treated wastes. On the other hand, the presence of organic and inorganic acids increased heavy metal adsorption by NPs and clay minerals. These results suggest that NPs can be applied successfully in waste remediation,and organic and inorganic acids play an important role in the removal of heavy metals from the studied adsorbents. 展开更多
关键词 adsorbents environmental risks extractants industrial solid wastes metal removal remediation
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Factors influencing polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDD/F) emissions and control in major industrial sectors: Case evidence from Shandong Province, China 被引量:2
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作者 Lin Wang Yonglong Lu +4 位作者 Guizhen He Arthur P.J.Mol Tieyu Wang Jorrit Gosens Kun Ni 《Journal of Environmental Sciences》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2014年第7期1513-1522,共10页
Analyzing determinants that influence polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and polychlorinated dibenzofuran(PCDD/F) emissions is helpful for decision-makers to find effective and efficient ways to mitigate PCDD/F emissi... Analyzing determinants that influence polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and polychlorinated dibenzofuran(PCDD/F) emissions is helpful for decision-makers to find effective and efficient ways to mitigate PCDD/F emissions. The PCDD/F emissions and the contributions of the scale effect, structure effect and technology effect to emissions from eight main industrial sectors in2006, 2008 and 2010 in Shandong Province, were calculated in this article. Total PCDD/F emissions in Shandong increased by 52.8% in 2008(614.1 g I-TEQ) and 49.7% in 2010(601.8 g I-TEQ) based on 2006(401.9 g I-TEQ). According to the decomposition method, the largest influencing factor on PCDD/F emission changes was the composition effect(contributed 43.4%in 2008 and 120.6% in 2010 based on 2006), which was also an emission-increasing factor.In this case, the present industrial restructuring policy should be adjusted to control the proportion of production capacities with high emission factors, such as iron ore sintering and steelmaking and the secondary non-ferrous metal sector. The scale effect increased the emissions in 2008(contributed 21.9%) and decreased the emissions in 2010(contributed-28.0%). However, as a source control measure, the excess capacity control policy indeed had a significant role in emission reduction. The main reason for the technology effect(contributed 34.7% in 2008 and 7.4% in 2010 based on 2006) having an emission-increasing role was the weakness in implementing policies for restricting industries with outdated facilities. Some specific suggestions were proposed on PCDD/F reduction for local administrators at the end. 展开更多
关键词 JPCDD/F emissions Decomposition analysis industrial structure environmental policy
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Attach Importance To Safety,Environmental Protection AndEnergy Conservation In DevelopmentOf China's Auto Industry
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作者 Wang Binggang, Director General of CATARC 《中国汽车(英文版)》 1996年第4期9-13,共5页
In 1995, the total output of motor vehicles in China was around 1.45 million units, ranking the 11th in the world; the total motorcycle output 7.83 million, ranking the first in the world. As for the vehicle populatio... In 1995, the total output of motor vehicles in China was around 1.45 million units, ranking the 11th in the world; the total motorcycle output 7.83 million, ranking the first in the world. As for the vehicle population in China, there are about 10.50 million automobiles, 18 million motorcycles, and nearly 10 million 展开更多
关键词 Auto Attach Importance To Safety environmental Protection AndEnergy Conservation In DevelopmentOf China’s Auto Industry ECE
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Decreasing inhaled contaminant dose of a factory worker through a hybrid Emergency Ventilation System:Performance evaluation in worst-case scenario 被引量:1
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作者 Alicia Murga Zhengwei Long +2 位作者 Sung-Jun Yoo Eisaku Sumiyoshi Kazuhide Ito 《Energy and Built Environment》 2020年第3期319-326,共8页
Air pollution is detrimental to human health,causing several human illnesses.The industrial microenvironment generates high levels of indoor airborne pollutants,becoming a pervasive issue for workers.It is essential t... Air pollution is detrimental to human health,causing several human illnesses.The industrial microenvironment generates high levels of indoor airborne pollutants,becoming a pervasive issue for workers.It is essential to im-prove the indoor air quality in this workplace by applying enhanced ventilation systems to minimize inhalation risk.Displacement ventilation is used in industrial buildings because of its stratified air distribution and low cost.However,in case of accidental pollutant release,an enhancement is needed to minimize inhalation exposure.This study proposes a hybrid emergency ventilation system using localized push-pull ventilation to improve the installed displacement ventilation system of a representative workshop.Computational fluid dynamics was ap-plied to calculate steady-state indoor air flow and volume-averaged pollutant concentration.System performance was evaluated in terms of source position;a computer simulated person was integrated to the building to confirm effectiveness against personal inhalation.Results showed marked improvement in performance when push-pull technique was used:room-averaged concentration diminished up to 91%while ventilation rate only increased 4%.Inhaled pollutant mitigation was achieved but performance dependence against leakage source and personal position was confirmed. 展开更多
关键词 Computational fluid dynamics Hybrid ventilation industrial environment Computer simulated person Inhalation exposure
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