Deep-sea mining activities can potentially release metals,which pose a toxicological threat to deep-sea ecosystems.Nevertheless,due to the remoteness and inaccessibility of the deep-sea biosphere,there is insufficient...Deep-sea mining activities can potentially release metals,which pose a toxicological threat to deep-sea ecosystems.Nevertheless,due to the remoteness and inaccessibility of the deep-sea biosphere,there is insufficient knowledge about the impact of metal exposure on its inhabitants.In this study,deep-sea mussel Gigantidas platifrons,a commonly used deep-sea toxicology model organism,was exposed to manganese(100,1000μg/L)or iron(500,5000μg/L)for 7 d,respectively.Manganese and iron were chosen for their high levels of occurrence within deep-sea deposits.Metal accumulation and a battery of biochemical biomarkers related to antioxidative stress in superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),malondialdehyde(MDA);immune function in alkaline phosphatase(AKP),acid phosphatase(ACP);and energy metabolism in pyruvate kinase(PK)and hexokinase(HK)were assessed in mussel gills.Results showed that deep-sea mussel G.platifrons exhibited a high capacity to accumulate Mn/Fe.In addition,most tested biochemical parameters were altered by metal exposure,demonstrating that metals could induce oxidative stress,suppress the immune system,and affect energy metabolism of deep-sea mussels.The integrated biomarker response(IBR)approach indicated that the exposure to Mn/Fe had a negative impact on deep-sea mussels,and Mn demonstrated a more harmful impact on deep-sea mussels than Fe.Additionally,SOD and CAT biomarkers had the greatest impact on IBR values in Mn treatments,while ACP and HK were most influential for the low-and high-dose Fe groups,respectively.This study represents the first application of the IBR approach to evaluate the toxicity of metals on deep-sea fauna and serves as a crucial framework for risk assessment of deep-sea mining-associated metal exposure.展开更多
Volatile organic compounds(VOC)gas detection devices based on semiconductor sensors have become a common method due to their low cost,simple principle,and small size.However,with the continuous development of material...Volatile organic compounds(VOC)gas detection devices based on semiconductor sensors have become a common method due to their low cost,simple principle,and small size.However,with the continuous development of materials science,various new materials have been applied in the fabrication of gas sensors,but these new materials have more stringent requirements for operating temperature,which cannot be met by existing sensor modules on the market.Therefore,this paper proposes a temperature-adjustable sensor module and designs an environmental monitoring system based on the STM32F103RET6 microprocessor.This system primarily utilizes multiple semiconductor gas sensors to monitor and record the concentrations of various harmful gases in different environments.It can also monitor real-time temperature,humidity,and latitude and longitude in the current environment,and upload the data to the Internet of Things via 4G communication.This system has the advantages of small size,portability,and low cost.Experimental results show that the sensor module can achieve precise control of operating temperature to a certain extent,with an average temperature error of approximately 3%.The monitoring system demonstrates a certain level of accuracy in detecting target gases and can promptly upload the data to a cloud platform for storage and processing.A comparison with professional testing equipment shows that the sensitivity curves of each sensor exhibit similarity.This study provides engineering and technical references for the application of VOC gas sensors.展开更多
With the development of Internet technologies, Internet Based Information System (IBIS) arises with more advantages: Firstly, it is convenient for users to use owing to the introduction of Internet technologies. Secon...With the development of Internet technologies, Internet Based Information System (IBIS) arises with more advantages: Firstly, it is convenient for users to use owing to the introduction of Internet technologies. Secondly, it benefits greatly the data dissemination and data sharing based on Internet. The most important but not the last is that we can establish the information service network supported by its technologies and the facilities of information highway. So, it would be significant to design IBIS to realize the data collection, sharing and dissemination on Internet. There are many factors affecting regional environment. So it is not easy to realize the integrated environmental monitoring. Given this, we designed the Internet based environmental monitoring information system. By the virtue of the Internet based environmental monitoring information system, the management and storage of environmental monitoring data would be easier, which lays the foundation to actualize the environmental monitoring efficiently.展开更多
With the rapidly increased concerns in environmental pollution, there have been urgent needs to develop fast, sensitive, low-cost and multiplexed sensing devices for the detection of environmental pollutants. Two-dime...With the rapidly increased concerns in environmental pollution, there have been urgent needs to develop fast, sensitive, low-cost and multiplexed sensing devices for the detection of environmental pollutants. Two-dimensional(2D) nanomaterials hold great promise due to their unique chemical and physical properties, which have been extensively employed to monitor the environmental pollutants combined with different detection techniques. In this review, we summarize recent advances in 2D nanomaterials-based electrochemical sensors for detecting heavy metal ions, organic compounds, pesticides, antibiotics and bacteria. We also discuss perspectives and challenges of 2D nanomaterials in environmental monitoring.展开更多
Distributed wireless sensor networks have been shown to be effective for environmental monitoring tasks,in which multiple sensors are deployed in a wide range of the environments to collect information or monitor a pa...Distributed wireless sensor networks have been shown to be effective for environmental monitoring tasks,in which multiple sensors are deployed in a wide range of the environments to collect information or monitor a particular event,Wireless sensor networks,consisting of a large number of interacting sensors,have been successful in a variety of applications where they are able to share information using different transmission protocols through the communication network.However,the irregular and dynamic environment requires traditional wireless sensor networks to have frequent communications to exchange the most recent information,which can easily generate high communication cost through the collaborative data collection and data transmission.High frequency communication also has high probability of failure because of long distance data transmission.In this paper,we developed a novel approach to multi-sensor environment monitoring network using the idea of distributed system.Its communication network can overcome the difficulties of high communication cost and Single Point of Failure(SPOF)through the decentralized approach,which performs in-network computation.Our approach makes use of Boolean networks that allows for a non-complex method of corroboration and retains meaningful information regarding the dynamics of the communication network.Our approach also reduces the complexity of data aggregation process and employee a reinforcement learning algorithm to predict future event inside the environment through the pattern recognition.展开更多
The Zhujiang (Pearl River) Estuary is a complex water system whose catchments basincovers a very large part of southern China. The large quantity of fresh water carried by the river system flows into the northern coas...The Zhujiang (Pearl River) Estuary is a complex water system whose catchments basincovers a very large part of southern China. The large quantity of fresh water carried by the river system flows into the northern coast of the South China Sea through its eight inlets. The Zhujiang River Delta has experienced the fastest economic growth in China during the past two decades. Rapid population expansion and increased industrial development coupled with insufficient waste management turned the Zhujiang Estuary into waste disposal channels just before entering the coastal waters. The water quality of the estuaries and the coastal oceans has become polluted. During the past two years, an intensive study and monitoring efforts of the pollutions of these waters have been made. A systematic and integrated monitoring task including shore-based measurements, shipboard in-situ measurements, and satellite and radar remote sensing surveys has been completed. Comprehensive collection of physical, chemical and biological parameters has been accomplished and a database has been established. Unlike the previous large scale-monitoring task in which the various pollutant concentrations were the objective, the present study aims to understand the process of the pollution from their initial disposal to their final states. The understanding of the processes makes it possible to evaluate the severity of the pollution with respect to the sustainability. Also the objective is to incorporate these processes into the mathematical models from which a predictive capability of the pollution situation can be realized. The present presentation will describe the planning, methodology and the results of this effort.展开更多
The development of Chinese system of aquatic environmental monitoring methods was summarized. The existing problem of the system of aquatic environmental monitoring methods was analyzed. At last, some suggestions were...The development of Chinese system of aquatic environmental monitoring methods was summarized. The existing problem of the system of aquatic environmental monitoring methods was analyzed. At last, some suggestions were made on setting and implementing the system of aquat- ic environmental monitoring methods in China.展开更多
This study is the first of a series of a project on the development and implementation of environmental protection policies, before<span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><span style="...This study is the first of a series of a project on the development and implementation of environmental protection policies, before<span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> during and after the construction of the </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Kribi</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Industrial</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Urban</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Port</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Complex</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">KIPC</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">). The results will equip the State and scientific structures concerned with the protection of people, water resources and the environment as a whole. This includes reference data on the state of marine pollution in the region dating from the end of realization of the first phase of KIPC known as </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Kribi</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Deep-Water</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Harbor</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">KDWH</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">). Accordingly, the aim of this work is to assess the current state of KIPC and its surrounding by quantifying the preliminary parameters of suspended matter (SM);to analyze the physical and chemical parameters, chemical pollution indicators for anions and major cations and organic pollution indicators of four water samples taken from four different sites in the project area by filtration and weighing, pH meter, turbid meter, titration, colorimetry and titrimetric methods. The analysis of these samples and these parameters provide</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> results which are slightly similar to international standards. This suggests that the environment remains relatively healthy. Hence, continuous management and monitoring of the parameters and pollution factors is strongly recommended.</span>展开更多
In underground mine environments where various hazards exist,such as tunnel collapse,toxic gases,the application of autonomous robots can improve the stability of exploration and efficiently perform repetitive explora...In underground mine environments where various hazards exist,such as tunnel collapse,toxic gases,the application of autonomous robots can improve the stability of exploration and efficiently perform repetitive exploratory operations.In this study,we developed a small autonomous driving robot for unmanned environmental monitoring in underground mines.The developed autonomous driving robot controls the steering according to the distance to the tunnel wall measured using the light detection and ranging sensor mounted on the robot to estimate its location by simultaneously considering the measured values of the inertial measurement unit and encoder sensors.In addition,the robot autonomously drives through the underground mine and performs environmental monitoring using the temperature/humidity,gas,and particle sensors mounted on the robot.As a result of testing the performance of the developed robot at an amethyst mine in Korea,the robot was found to be able to autonomously drive through tunnel sections with∼28 m length,∼2.5 m height,and∼3 m width successfully.The average error of location estimation was approximately 0.16 m.Using environmental monitoring sensors,temperature of 15–17◦C,humidity of 42%–43%,oxygen concentration of 15.6%–15.7%,and particle concentration of 0.008–0.38 mg/m3 were measured in the experimental area,and no harmful gases were detected.In addition,an environmental monitoring map could be created using the measured values of the robot’s location coordinates and environmental factors recorded during autonomous driving.展开更多
Aiming at the actual demand for monitoring environmental information,a wireless sensing system for temperature and relative humidity(RH)monitoring based on radio frequency(RF)technology and mobile network was designed...Aiming at the actual demand for monitoring environmental information,a wireless sensing system for temperature and relative humidity(RH)monitoring based on radio frequency(RF)technology and mobile network was designed.This paper introduces the architecture of the system.The system uses AVR micro controller unit(MCU),KYL-1020U RF module and SHT71 to complete real-time temperature and humidity monitoring,and uses SIM900A module to realize remote alarming and monitoring with short message system(SMS)through global system for mobile communication(GSM).Experimental results show that the designed system has good stability of measurement and real-time performance,and it can be used in some small temperature and humidity monitoring occasions.展开更多
With the rapid development of the city,the concept of ecological environment has been integrated into everyone’s heart.In the new era,people also have higher requirements for the quality of living environment.However...With the rapid development of the city,the concept of ecological environment has been integrated into everyone’s heart.In the new era,people also have higher requirements for the quality of living environment.However,at this stage,with the development of urbanization and industrialization,the problem of environmental pollution has become more and more serious.Therefore,we must do a good job in urban environmental monitoring,pay attention to the protection of urban environment,design and implement effective governance methods,so as to improve the quality of environmental governance.This article analyzes the problems in urban environmental monitoring,and formulates reasonable treatment methods and suggestions.展开更多
Environmental protection is an important topic of global concern in recent years,and environmental monitoring is one of the most intuitive and effective means to reflect the environmental situation.With the increasing...Environmental protection is an important topic of global concern in recent years,and environmental monitoring is one of the most intuitive and effective means to reflect the environmental situation.With the increasing task of environmental monitoring,the number of environmental monitoring institutions is increasing.It should strengthen quality management to ensure the accuracy and effectiveness of environmental monitoring results.展开更多
Clean water is a crucial factor that contributes to the health of eco-systems and their inhabitants. Testing local surface water is an exciting way to engage freshman undergraduates in research which shows them the im...Clean water is a crucial factor that contributes to the health of eco-systems and their inhabitants. Testing local surface water is an exciting way to engage freshman undergraduates in research which shows them the importance of protecting their communities and environment. Two affordable methods: a Colorimeter and Ion-Selective Probe were used to analyze nitrate, phosphate and ammonia levels in local surface water samples. The samples were collected from the Muskingum River which runs through Southeastern Ohio (Muskingum County) and were collected at 2 mile increments. We believe that this set of experiments would be beneficial if implemented into a college freshman level chemistry lab, thereby, promoting self-awareness of water safety, eco-system safety and community involvement. In addition, the students will learn how our environment is effected by our actions when we neglect to properly monitor the type of pollutants we allow into our water ways.展开更多
The comprehensive investigation of aerial remote sensing in Guangzhou was a systematic project to meet the needs of urban construction, planning and management, and environmental protection by the remote sensing techn...The comprehensive investigation of aerial remote sensing in Guangzhou was a systematic project to meet the needs of urban construction, planning and management, and environmental protection by the remote sensing technique. The project was consisted of five parts, i.e., urban geology, natural resources, urban developing state, urban environment and a series of remote sensing mapping. This paper shows the ways to monitor the environment of Guanzhou by the aerial remote sensing technique.展开更多
Recently,I attended a conference organised by the European Food Safety Authority in the beautiful and prosperous Italian city of Parma.The overall topic of the conference was risk assessment,and the program included a...Recently,I attended a conference organised by the European Food Safety Authority in the beautiful and prosperous Italian city of Parma.The overall topic of the conference was risk assessment,and the program included a section on aspects of environmental risk assessment.In various areas,including the evalution of the effects of pesticide applications,invasive organisms or genetically modified plants(Arpaia et al.,2014)preparing an environmental risk assessment is an obviously relevant exercise.展开更多
The environmental conditions in China are still very serious. In the years to come, the mission for environmental treatment and protection, supervision,
A LM-2C launch vehicle was launched from the Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center on November 19, 2012, carrying HJ-1C, a technology demonstration satellite and the Fengniao satellite. The three satellites were placed to t...A LM-2C launch vehicle was launched from the Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center on November 19, 2012, carrying HJ-1C, a technology demonstration satellite and the Fengniao satellite. The three satellites were placed to the preset orbits respectively. Developed by DFH Satellite Co., Ltd., HJ-1C is a SAR Earth observation satellite for civilian use, which展开更多
A comprehensive understanding of spatial distribution and clustering patterns of gravels is of great significance for ecological restoration and monitoring.However,traditional methods for studying gravels are low-effi...A comprehensive understanding of spatial distribution and clustering patterns of gravels is of great significance for ecological restoration and monitoring.However,traditional methods for studying gravels are low-efficiency and have many errors.This study researched the spatial distribution and cluster characteristics of gravels based on digital image processing technology combined with a self-organizing map(SOM)and multivariate statistical methods in the grassland of northern Tibetan Plateau.Moreover,the correlation of morphological parameters of gravels between different cluster groups and the environmental factors affecting gravel distribution were analyzed.The results showed that the morphological characteristics of gravels in northern region(cluster C)and southern region(cluster B)of the Tibetan Plateau were similar,with a low gravel coverage,small gravel diameter,and elongated shape.These regions were mainly distributed in high mountainous areas with large topographic relief.The central region(cluster A)has high coverage of gravels with a larger diameter,mainly distributed in high-altitude plains with smaller undulation.Principal component analysis(PCA)results showed that the gravel distribution of cluster A may be mainly affected by vegetation,while those in clusters B and C could be mainly affected by topography,climate,and soil.The study confirmed that the combination of digital image processing technology and SOM could effectively analyzed the spatial distribution characteristics of gravels,providing a new mode for gravel research.展开更多
Earth resource and environmental monitoring are essential areas that can be used to investigate the environmental conditions and natural resources supporting sustainable policy development,regulatory measures,and thei...Earth resource and environmental monitoring are essential areas that can be used to investigate the environmental conditions and natural resources supporting sustainable policy development,regulatory measures,and their implementation elevating the environment.Large-scale forest fire is considered a major harmful hazard that affects climate change and life over the globe.Therefore,the early identification of forest fires using automated tools is essential to avoid the spread of fire to a large extent.Therefore,this paper focuses on the design of automated forest fire detection using a fusion-based deep learning(AFFD-FDL)model for environmental monitoring.The AFFDFDL technique involves the design of an entropy-based fusion model for feature extraction.The combination of the handcrafted features using histogram of gradients(HOG)with deep features using SqueezeNet and Inception v3 models.Besides,an optimal extreme learning machine(ELM)based classifier is used to identify the existence of fire or not.In order to properly tune the parameters of the ELM model,the oppositional glowworm swarm optimization(OGSO)algorithm is employed and thereby improves the forest fire detection performance.A wide range of simulation analyses takes place on a benchmark dataset and the results are inspected under several aspects.The experimental results highlighted the betterment of the AFFD-FDL technique over the recent state of art techniques.展开更多
Response speed is vital for the railway environment monitoring system,especially for the sudden-onset disasters.The edge-cloud collaboration scheme is proved efficient to reduce the latency.However,the data characteri...Response speed is vital for the railway environment monitoring system,especially for the sudden-onset disasters.The edge-cloud collaboration scheme is proved efficient to reduce the latency.However,the data characteristics and communication demand of the tasks in the railway environment monitoring system are all different and changeable,and the latency contribution of each task to the system is discrepant.Hence,two valid latency minimization strategies based on the edge-cloud collaboration scheme is developed in this paper.First,the processing resources are allocated to the tasks based on the priorities,and the tasks are processed parallly with the allocated resources to minimize the system valid latency.Furthermore,considering the differences in the data volume of the tasks,which will induce the waste of the resources for the tasks finished in advance.Thus,the tasks with similar priorities are graded into the same group,and the serial and parallel processing strategies are performed intra-group and inter-group simultaneously.Compared with the other four strategies in four railway monitoring scenarios,the proposed strategies proved latency efficiency to the high-priority tasks,and the system valid latency is reduced synchronously.The performance of the railway environment monitoring system in security and efficiency will be promoted greatly with the proposed scheme and strategies.展开更多
基金Supported by the Marine S&T Fund of Shandong Province for Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center(No.2022QNLM030004-1)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42276153,42030407)+2 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDB42020401)the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences,CAS(No.ZDBS-LY-DQC032)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFC2804003)。
文摘Deep-sea mining activities can potentially release metals,which pose a toxicological threat to deep-sea ecosystems.Nevertheless,due to the remoteness and inaccessibility of the deep-sea biosphere,there is insufficient knowledge about the impact of metal exposure on its inhabitants.In this study,deep-sea mussel Gigantidas platifrons,a commonly used deep-sea toxicology model organism,was exposed to manganese(100,1000μg/L)or iron(500,5000μg/L)for 7 d,respectively.Manganese and iron were chosen for their high levels of occurrence within deep-sea deposits.Metal accumulation and a battery of biochemical biomarkers related to antioxidative stress in superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),malondialdehyde(MDA);immune function in alkaline phosphatase(AKP),acid phosphatase(ACP);and energy metabolism in pyruvate kinase(PK)and hexokinase(HK)were assessed in mussel gills.Results showed that deep-sea mussel G.platifrons exhibited a high capacity to accumulate Mn/Fe.In addition,most tested biochemical parameters were altered by metal exposure,demonstrating that metals could induce oxidative stress,suppress the immune system,and affect energy metabolism of deep-sea mussels.The integrated biomarker response(IBR)approach indicated that the exposure to Mn/Fe had a negative impact on deep-sea mussels,and Mn demonstrated a more harmful impact on deep-sea mussels than Fe.Additionally,SOD and CAT biomarkers had the greatest impact on IBR values in Mn treatments,while ACP and HK were most influential for the low-and high-dose Fe groups,respectively.This study represents the first application of the IBR approach to evaluate the toxicity of metals on deep-sea fauna and serves as a crucial framework for risk assessment of deep-sea mining-associated metal exposure.
文摘Volatile organic compounds(VOC)gas detection devices based on semiconductor sensors have become a common method due to their low cost,simple principle,and small size.However,with the continuous development of materials science,various new materials have been applied in the fabrication of gas sensors,but these new materials have more stringent requirements for operating temperature,which cannot be met by existing sensor modules on the market.Therefore,this paper proposes a temperature-adjustable sensor module and designs an environmental monitoring system based on the STM32F103RET6 microprocessor.This system primarily utilizes multiple semiconductor gas sensors to monitor and record the concentrations of various harmful gases in different environments.It can also monitor real-time temperature,humidity,and latitude and longitude in the current environment,and upload the data to the Internet of Things via 4G communication.This system has the advantages of small size,portability,and low cost.Experimental results show that the sensor module can achieve precise control of operating temperature to a certain extent,with an average temperature error of approximately 3%.The monitoring system demonstrates a certain level of accuracy in detecting target gases and can promptly upload the data to a cloud platform for storage and processing.A comparison with professional testing equipment shows that the sensitivity curves of each sensor exhibit similarity.This study provides engineering and technical references for the application of VOC gas sensors.
基金Knowledge Innovation Project of CAS No. KZCX02-308
文摘With the development of Internet technologies, Internet Based Information System (IBIS) arises with more advantages: Firstly, it is convenient for users to use owing to the introduction of Internet technologies. Secondly, it benefits greatly the data dissemination and data sharing based on Internet. The most important but not the last is that we can establish the information service network supported by its technologies and the facilities of information highway. So, it would be significant to design IBIS to realize the data collection, sharing and dissemination on Internet. There are many factors affecting regional environment. So it is not easy to realize the integrated environmental monitoring. Given this, we designed the Internet based environmental monitoring information system. By the virtue of the Internet based environmental monitoring information system, the management and storage of environmental monitoring data would be easier, which lays the foundation to actualize the environmental monitoring efficiently.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (61671250,21475064,21373260 and 21305070)the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2013CB933802)+1 种基金Natural Science Fund for Colleges and Universities in Jiangsu Province(16KJB150032)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD,YX03002)
文摘With the rapidly increased concerns in environmental pollution, there have been urgent needs to develop fast, sensitive, low-cost and multiplexed sensing devices for the detection of environmental pollutants. Two-dimensional(2D) nanomaterials hold great promise due to their unique chemical and physical properties, which have been extensively employed to monitor the environmental pollutants combined with different detection techniques. In this review, we summarize recent advances in 2D nanomaterials-based electrochemical sensors for detecting heavy metal ions, organic compounds, pesticides, antibiotics and bacteria. We also discuss perspectives and challenges of 2D nanomaterials in environmental monitoring.
基金This research is supported by Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(No.2019JJ40145)Scientific Research Key Project of Hunan Education Department(No.19A273)open Fund of Key Laboratory of Hunan Province(2017TP1026).
文摘Distributed wireless sensor networks have been shown to be effective for environmental monitoring tasks,in which multiple sensors are deployed in a wide range of the environments to collect information or monitor a particular event,Wireless sensor networks,consisting of a large number of interacting sensors,have been successful in a variety of applications where they are able to share information using different transmission protocols through the communication network.However,the irregular and dynamic environment requires traditional wireless sensor networks to have frequent communications to exchange the most recent information,which can easily generate high communication cost through the collaborative data collection and data transmission.High frequency communication also has high probability of failure because of long distance data transmission.In this paper,we developed a novel approach to multi-sensor environment monitoring network using the idea of distributed system.Its communication network can overcome the difficulties of high communication cost and Single Point of Failure(SPOF)through the decentralized approach,which performs in-network computation.Our approach makes use of Boolean networks that allows for a non-complex method of corroboration and retains meaningful information regarding the dynamics of the communication network.Our approach also reduces the complexity of data aggregation process and employee a reinforcement learning algorithm to predict future event inside the environment through the pattern recognition.
基金This work was supported by the Hong Kong Jockey Club Charity Fund through Chief Executive' s Community Project, "PREPP" the Ministry of Science and Technology of China through 863/818 Project , "Zhujiang Estuary Integrated Ob-servation System".
文摘The Zhujiang (Pearl River) Estuary is a complex water system whose catchments basincovers a very large part of southern China. The large quantity of fresh water carried by the river system flows into the northern coast of the South China Sea through its eight inlets. The Zhujiang River Delta has experienced the fastest economic growth in China during the past two decades. Rapid population expansion and increased industrial development coupled with insufficient waste management turned the Zhujiang Estuary into waste disposal channels just before entering the coastal waters. The water quality of the estuaries and the coastal oceans has become polluted. During the past two years, an intensive study and monitoring efforts of the pollutions of these waters have been made. A systematic and integrated monitoring task including shore-based measurements, shipboard in-situ measurements, and satellite and radar remote sensing surveys has been completed. Comprehensive collection of physical, chemical and biological parameters has been accomplished and a database has been established. Unlike the previous large scale-monitoring task in which the various pollutant concentrations were the objective, the present study aims to understand the process of the pollution from their initial disposal to their final states. The understanding of the processes makes it possible to evaluate the severity of the pollution with respect to the sustainability. Also the objective is to incorporate these processes into the mathematical models from which a predictive capability of the pollution situation can be realized. The present presentation will describe the planning, methodology and the results of this effort.
基金Supported by Study on Water Environment Quality Monitoring Technological Method (2009ZX07527-001)Chongqing Natural Science Fund (CSTC,2009B137391)
文摘The development of Chinese system of aquatic environmental monitoring methods was summarized. The existing problem of the system of aquatic environmental monitoring methods was analyzed. At last, some suggestions were made on setting and implementing the system of aquat- ic environmental monitoring methods in China.
文摘This study is the first of a series of a project on the development and implementation of environmental protection policies, before<span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> during and after the construction of the </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Kribi</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Industrial</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Urban</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Port</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Complex</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">KIPC</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">). The results will equip the State and scientific structures concerned with the protection of people, water resources and the environment as a whole. This includes reference data on the state of marine pollution in the region dating from the end of realization of the first phase of KIPC known as </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Kribi</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Deep-Water</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Harbor</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">KDWH</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">). Accordingly, the aim of this work is to assess the current state of KIPC and its surrounding by quantifying the preliminary parameters of suspended matter (SM);to analyze the physical and chemical parameters, chemical pollution indicators for anions and major cations and organic pollution indicators of four water samples taken from four different sites in the project area by filtration and weighing, pH meter, turbid meter, titration, colorimetry and titrimetric methods. The analysis of these samples and these parameters provide</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> results which are slightly similar to international standards. This suggests that the environment remains relatively healthy. Hence, continuous management and monitoring of the parameters and pollution factors is strongly recommended.</span>
基金This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)(2021R1A2C1011216).
文摘In underground mine environments where various hazards exist,such as tunnel collapse,toxic gases,the application of autonomous robots can improve the stability of exploration and efficiently perform repetitive exploratory operations.In this study,we developed a small autonomous driving robot for unmanned environmental monitoring in underground mines.The developed autonomous driving robot controls the steering according to the distance to the tunnel wall measured using the light detection and ranging sensor mounted on the robot to estimate its location by simultaneously considering the measured values of the inertial measurement unit and encoder sensors.In addition,the robot autonomously drives through the underground mine and performs environmental monitoring using the temperature/humidity,gas,and particle sensors mounted on the robot.As a result of testing the performance of the developed robot at an amethyst mine in Korea,the robot was found to be able to autonomously drive through tunnel sections with∼28 m length,∼2.5 m height,and∼3 m width successfully.The average error of location estimation was approximately 0.16 m.Using environmental monitoring sensors,temperature of 15–17◦C,humidity of 42%–43%,oxygen concentration of 15.6%–15.7%,and particle concentration of 0.008–0.38 mg/m3 were measured in the experimental area,and no harmful gases were detected.In addition,an environmental monitoring map could be created using the measured values of the robot’s location coordinates and environmental factors recorded during autonomous driving.
文摘Aiming at the actual demand for monitoring environmental information,a wireless sensing system for temperature and relative humidity(RH)monitoring based on radio frequency(RF)technology and mobile network was designed.This paper introduces the architecture of the system.The system uses AVR micro controller unit(MCU),KYL-1020U RF module and SHT71 to complete real-time temperature and humidity monitoring,and uses SIM900A module to realize remote alarming and monitoring with short message system(SMS)through global system for mobile communication(GSM).Experimental results show that the designed system has good stability of measurement and real-time performance,and it can be used in some small temperature and humidity monitoring occasions.
文摘With the rapid development of the city,the concept of ecological environment has been integrated into everyone’s heart.In the new era,people also have higher requirements for the quality of living environment.However,at this stage,with the development of urbanization and industrialization,the problem of environmental pollution has become more and more serious.Therefore,we must do a good job in urban environmental monitoring,pay attention to the protection of urban environment,design and implement effective governance methods,so as to improve the quality of environmental governance.This article analyzes the problems in urban environmental monitoring,and formulates reasonable treatment methods and suggestions.
文摘Environmental protection is an important topic of global concern in recent years,and environmental monitoring is one of the most intuitive and effective means to reflect the environmental situation.With the increasing task of environmental monitoring,the number of environmental monitoring institutions is increasing.It should strengthen quality management to ensure the accuracy and effectiveness of environmental monitoring results.
文摘Clean water is a crucial factor that contributes to the health of eco-systems and their inhabitants. Testing local surface water is an exciting way to engage freshman undergraduates in research which shows them the importance of protecting their communities and environment. Two affordable methods: a Colorimeter and Ion-Selective Probe were used to analyze nitrate, phosphate and ammonia levels in local surface water samples. The samples were collected from the Muskingum River which runs through Southeastern Ohio (Muskingum County) and were collected at 2 mile increments. We believe that this set of experiments would be beneficial if implemented into a college freshman level chemistry lab, thereby, promoting self-awareness of water safety, eco-system safety and community involvement. In addition, the students will learn how our environment is effected by our actions when we neglect to properly monitor the type of pollutants we allow into our water ways.
文摘The comprehensive investigation of aerial remote sensing in Guangzhou was a systematic project to meet the needs of urban construction, planning and management, and environmental protection by the remote sensing technique. The project was consisted of five parts, i.e., urban geology, natural resources, urban developing state, urban environment and a series of remote sensing mapping. This paper shows the ways to monitor the environment of Guanzhou by the aerial remote sensing technique.
文摘Recently,I attended a conference organised by the European Food Safety Authority in the beautiful and prosperous Italian city of Parma.The overall topic of the conference was risk assessment,and the program included a section on aspects of environmental risk assessment.In various areas,including the evalution of the effects of pesticide applications,invasive organisms or genetically modified plants(Arpaia et al.,2014)preparing an environmental risk assessment is an obviously relevant exercise.
文摘The environmental conditions in China are still very serious. In the years to come, the mission for environmental treatment and protection, supervision,
文摘A LM-2C launch vehicle was launched from the Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center on November 19, 2012, carrying HJ-1C, a technology demonstration satellite and the Fengniao satellite. The three satellites were placed to the preset orbits respectively. Developed by DFH Satellite Co., Ltd., HJ-1C is a SAR Earth observation satellite for civilian use, which
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41971226,41871357)the Major Research and Development and Achievement Transformation Projects of Qinghai,China(2022-QY-224)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA28110502,XDA19030303).
文摘A comprehensive understanding of spatial distribution and clustering patterns of gravels is of great significance for ecological restoration and monitoring.However,traditional methods for studying gravels are low-efficiency and have many errors.This study researched the spatial distribution and cluster characteristics of gravels based on digital image processing technology combined with a self-organizing map(SOM)and multivariate statistical methods in the grassland of northern Tibetan Plateau.Moreover,the correlation of morphological parameters of gravels between different cluster groups and the environmental factors affecting gravel distribution were analyzed.The results showed that the morphological characteristics of gravels in northern region(cluster C)and southern region(cluster B)of the Tibetan Plateau were similar,with a low gravel coverage,small gravel diameter,and elongated shape.These regions were mainly distributed in high mountainous areas with large topographic relief.The central region(cluster A)has high coverage of gravels with a larger diameter,mainly distributed in high-altitude plains with smaller undulation.Principal component analysis(PCA)results showed that the gravel distribution of cluster A may be mainly affected by vegetation,while those in clusters B and C could be mainly affected by topography,climate,and soil.The study confirmed that the combination of digital image processing technology and SOM could effectively analyzed the spatial distribution characteristics of gravels,providing a new mode for gravel research.
基金The authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University for funding this work under Grant Number(RGP.1/172/42)Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project Number(PNURSP2023R191)Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.This study is supported via funding from Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University Project Number(PSAU/2023/R/1444).
文摘Earth resource and environmental monitoring are essential areas that can be used to investigate the environmental conditions and natural resources supporting sustainable policy development,regulatory measures,and their implementation elevating the environment.Large-scale forest fire is considered a major harmful hazard that affects climate change and life over the globe.Therefore,the early identification of forest fires using automated tools is essential to avoid the spread of fire to a large extent.Therefore,this paper focuses on the design of automated forest fire detection using a fusion-based deep learning(AFFD-FDL)model for environmental monitoring.The AFFDFDL technique involves the design of an entropy-based fusion model for feature extraction.The combination of the handcrafted features using histogram of gradients(HOG)with deep features using SqueezeNet and Inception v3 models.Besides,an optimal extreme learning machine(ELM)based classifier is used to identify the existence of fire or not.In order to properly tune the parameters of the ELM model,the oppositional glowworm swarm optimization(OGSO)algorithm is employed and thereby improves the forest fire detection performance.A wide range of simulation analyses takes place on a benchmark dataset and the results are inspected under several aspects.The experimental results highlighted the betterment of the AFFD-FDL technique over the recent state of art techniques.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61903023)the Natural Science Foundation of Bejing Municipality(No.4204110)+1 种基金State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety(No.RCS2020ZT006,RCS2021ZT006)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2020JBM087).
文摘Response speed is vital for the railway environment monitoring system,especially for the sudden-onset disasters.The edge-cloud collaboration scheme is proved efficient to reduce the latency.However,the data characteristics and communication demand of the tasks in the railway environment monitoring system are all different and changeable,and the latency contribution of each task to the system is discrepant.Hence,two valid latency minimization strategies based on the edge-cloud collaboration scheme is developed in this paper.First,the processing resources are allocated to the tasks based on the priorities,and the tasks are processed parallly with the allocated resources to minimize the system valid latency.Furthermore,considering the differences in the data volume of the tasks,which will induce the waste of the resources for the tasks finished in advance.Thus,the tasks with similar priorities are graded into the same group,and the serial and parallel processing strategies are performed intra-group and inter-group simultaneously.Compared with the other four strategies in four railway monitoring scenarios,the proposed strategies proved latency efficiency to the high-priority tasks,and the system valid latency is reduced synchronously.The performance of the railway environment monitoring system in security and efficiency will be promoted greatly with the proposed scheme and strategies.