Does environmental policy stringency alter the natural resourcesemissions nexus?Evidence from G-7 countries

Natural resource management is indispensable keeping in view their positive economic impacts as well as their detrimental environmental consequences.To achieve certain SDGs,it is inevitable to manage natural resources through effective policies that help to inhibit adverse environmental impacts.Based on this approach,the current empirical analysis aims to probe whether environmental policy stringency intensifies,meagres,and/or halts the abysmal environmental impact of natural resources in G-7 countries(United Kingdom,United States,Canada,Italy,France,Japan,and Germany)for the period from 1990 to 2020.To that end,we rely on the second-generation panel data approaches and panel quantile regression.The outcomes reveal that natural resources increase carbon dioxide emission whereas the synergy of natural resources and environmental policy stringency plunges emissions across the quantiles.These findings suggest adoption of a strict environmental policy for attaining the targets of SGD-08(economic growth),SDG-09(innovations),SDG-11(sustainable cities),SDG-12(responsible consumption of natural resources),and SDG-13(climate action).

Research on the impact of manufacturing servitization on environmental pollution:spatial econometric analysis of sulfur dioxide based on 284 prefecture-level cities

Using China’s regional input–output table,the paper constructs indicators of manufacturing servitization,matches manufacturing servitization at the regional level with city data,and uses spatial econometrics to empirically analyze the impact of manufacturing servitization on urban sulfur dioxide(SO_(2))emissions within the classical Environmental Kuznets Curve(EKC)framework.The results show that manufacturing servitization can reduce SO_(2) emissions.Producer servitization and consumptive services can both significantly reduce industrial SO_(2) emissions.Transportation and warehousing servitization,information servitization,leasing,and commercial servitization,technology research and development servitization significantly reduce SO_(2) emissions;technology research and development servitization,in particular,have the largest influence coefficient,while the reduction effect of servitization in the wholesale and retail and finance sectors is not significant.The study also found that servitization reduced the SO_(2) emissions through technological innovation and industrial structure upgrading.

Research on the effects of command-and-control and market-oriented policy tools on China's energy conservation and emissions reduction innovation

The impact of environmental regulation on technology innovation is a hot spot in current research where a large number of empirical studies are based on Porter Hypothesis(PH). However, there are still controversies in academia about the establishment of "weak" and "narrow" versions of PH. Based on the panel data of application for patent of energy conservation and emission reduction(ECER) technology of Chinese city scale during 2008-2014, comprehensive energy price, pollutant emission, etc., mixed regression model and systematic generalized method of moments method were adopted, respectively,to study the impact of market-oriented and command-and-control policy tool on China's ECER technology innovation. The results show that the environmental regulation hindered the technological innovation in the immediate phase; however, it turned out to be positive in the first-lag phase. Hence, the establishment of "weak" PH is time-bounded. The command-and-control policy tool played a more positive role in promoting technological innovation in the first-lag phase than market-oriented policy tool. Therefore, "narrow" PH is not tenable. The reason is that the main participants of China's ECER technology innovation are state-owned companies and public institutions. Regionally speaking, the impact which command-and-control policy tool has on technological innovation at sight was nonsignificant in the eastern, the central, and the western regions of China whilst market-oriented policy tool had a negative effect. And market-oriented policy tool in the central region had strongest negative effect, which would diminish in the eastern region and become weakest in the western region. This was related to regional energy consumption level and the market economic vitality.

Exergo-Environmental Study of a Recent Organic Solar Hybrid Heat Pump

A hybrid heat pump(compression/absorption)with an integrated thermal photovoltaic unit is studied.The considered working fluids are organic mixtures:R245fa/DMAC and R236fa/DMAC,chosen for their low Global Warming Potential.The main objective is the optimization of energy efficiency in order to minimize the environmental impact through the implementation of a sustainable strategy.It is shown that Exergy Analysis itself is a valuable tool in energy integration.Within the imposed framework of minimizing total annual costs,entropy analysis can be instrumental in determining the optimal plant concept,optimizing energy conversion and use,and improving profitability.The present results are discussed under the optimistic hope that they may help to define new energy and environmental policies.

Nexus between CO2 Emissions and Economic Growth, Industrial Production, and Foreign Direct Investment in Vietnam: Symmetric ARDL Approach

Vietnam’s economy has been developing strongly in recent years;however, it is necessary to examine the impact of its economic activities on environmental quality. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between CO2 emissions and economic growth, industrial production, and foreign direct investment (FDI) in Vietnam. The ARDL estimation was used to process the dataset from World Bank. Results showed that economic growth, industrial production, and FDI have an impact on CO2 emissions in the long run in Vietnam. Granger Causality test also indicated that there is a causal relationship between economic growth, industrial production, and CO2 emissions in Vietnam from 1990 to 2018, at 5% statistical significance level. Proposed solutions to reduce CO2 emissions but still promote economic growth toward the green growth orientation and zero carbon target attainment are as follows: 1) reduce the use of fossil energy in industrial manufacturing and replace it by renewable energy sources;2) use modern technology for all production sectors in economy;and 3) develop a legal framework for FDI projects selection and choose foreign investors with modern and low carbon emission technology.

Economic complexity and environmental sustainability in eastern European economies:Evidence from novel Fourier approach

Globally,economies have become complex and new technologies have transformed and facilitated the modernization of economies.In the previous literature,economic complexity approach has become one of the popular tools in the development and innovation studies of economic geography.Researchers have found that green technology and eco-innovation approaches should be used to decisively reduce the effects of carbon emissions on the environment.However,debates about the impact of economic complexity on environment remain unsettled since some emerging production technologies have far-reaching pollution effects.This study explored the impacts of economic complexity on environmental sustainability in Turkey using the novel Fourier-based approaches,namely:Fourier Augmented Dickey-Fuller(FADF)and Fourier Autoregressive-Distributed Lag(FARDL)models.The Fourier-based approaches indicated that all variables(economic complexity index(ECI),GDP,energy consumption,and CO_(2)emission(CO_(2)E))are cointegrated in the long run.Additionally,the FARDL model implied that(i)in the long run,the effect of ECI(as a proxy for economic complexity),GDP(as a proxy for economic growth),and energy consumption on CO_(2)E(as a proxy for environmental quality)are important;(ii)economic complexity decreases environmental degradation in Turkey;and(iii)economic growth and energy consumption negatively affect environmental quality.The results also showed that economic complexity could be used as a policy tool to tackle environmental degradation.The findings also revealed that the fossil fuelbased economy will continue to expand and undermine Turkey’s efforts to meet its net zero emission target by 2053.Therefore,policy-makers should take actions and establish diversified economic,environmental,and energy strategies.For policy insights,the Turkish governments can use the combination of tax exemptions and technical support systems to support knowledge creation and the diffusion of environmentally friendly technologies The governments can also impose strict environmental regulations on the knowledge development phases.

企业数字化转型、绿色创新与碳绩效——碳排放权交易政策与公众环境关注度的调节作用

随着数字经济的迅猛发展,利用数字化优势助力企业绿色转型已成为“双碳”背景下的必然趋势。从利益相关者理论和信号理论出发,以2014—2020年中国沪深A股上市工业企业为样本,实证检验了企业数字化转型能否提升碳绩效,并探讨了绿色创新在其中的中介作用以及碳排放权交易政策和公众环境关注度的调节作用。研究发现,企业数字化转型显著提升了碳绩效,并通过绿色创新正向影响企业碳绩效水平。同时,碳排放权交易政策与公众环境关注度均能发挥显著的正向调节效应。异质性分析显示,企业数字化转型对碳绩效的促进作用在非高新技术企业和高市场竞争程度的情境下更为明显,但产权性质的影响并不显著。研究结论厘清了企业通过数字化转型促进绿色创新进而提升碳绩效的驱动机制,为推进企业数字化转型以实现绿色发展具有重要参考意义。

组态视角下减污降碳政策工具对环境规制效率的驱动机制——基于中国30个省份的fsQCA实证分析

减污降碳是环境规制效率提升的标志,是实现污染控制和环境质量改善的重要抓手和突破口,探究减污降碳政策工具驱动环境规制效率提升的内在机理,对于推进“双碳”目标实现具有重要意义。以2012—2022年中国30个省份数据为研究对象,借助模糊集定性比较分析法(fsQCA)探析命令控制型、市场激励型和自愿参与型政策工具促进环境规制效率提升的多元路径组合。结果发现:减污降碳政策工具在提升全国环境规制效率方面呈现4种组合模式,且分别与中国东、中、西部地区的实施效果相匹配,未来将呈现多元政策工具组合协同发力的态势;命令控制型政策工具在提升中西部地区环境规制效率中发挥主导作用,中部地区尤为明显;自愿参与型工具则更多依赖命令控制型、市场激励型工具发挥政策组合作用,在西部地区发挥效力较弱。不同的环境规制效率驱动效果会带来差异化的政策工具组合,以此为不同地区提供政策建议。

低碳城市建设、环境审计与企业碳排放--基于低碳城市试点政策的准自然实验

推动低碳城市建设是实现碳达峰碳中和、迈向高质量发展的重要举措。基于2008—2021年深沪两市A股工业企业的年度数据,将三次低碳城市试点视为准自然实验,采用多期双重差分模型、递归式中介效应模型等实证考察了低碳城市试点的碳减排机理及环境审计在此过程中的交互关系。检验结果表明:(1)低碳城市试点显著降低了试点城市企业的碳排放量,且该效应在高碳行业企业、工业发展水平较高地区企业及媒体关注度较高企业中表现更为突出;(2)低碳城市试点与环境审计在促进企业减少碳排放方面存在互补关系;(3)机制检验表明,技术创新在低碳城市试点促进企业减碳方面起到部分中介作用。

基于CALPUFF模型的山东省独立焦化行业大气污染物分析与预测

基于已建立的2018年山东省高分辨率独立焦化行业排放清单,结合焦化行业制定的相关政策,本研究设置了基准情景(BAU-2018、BAU-2025、BAU-2035)和减排优化情景(ERO-2025、ERO-2035),使用CALPUFF模型模拟了各情景下山东省独立焦化行业SO_(2)、NO_x、PM_(10)及PM_(2.5)的污染情况及各污染物的减排潜力.研究结果表明,在BAU-2018情景中,山东省各市SO_(2)、NO_x、PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)的年均贡献比例的范围分别为0.06%~0.84%、0.01%~0.63%、0.04%~0.19%和0.07%~0.21%;在各阶段中,ERO-2025情景较于现状(BAU-2018)的各污染物排放与贡献浓度降低幅度最大;最优情景ERO-2035较于BAU-2018,SO_(2)、NO_x、PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)和CO_(2)的排放量分别为减少了60.12%、78.24%、75.07%、74.20%和37.47%,SO_(2)、NO_x、PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)年均贡献浓度降幅分别为60.74%、78.56%、75.00%和74.53%.全面执行超低排放标准对污染物减排具有显著效果,同时显示出巨大的污染物与CO_(2)的协同减排潜力.

西南农村地区现代夯土住宅物化阶段碳排放研究

物化阶段CO_(2)排放时间较为集中且减排潜力巨大,因此对建筑物化阶段碳排放进行量化研究具有必要性。目前,我国农村住宅砖混结构仍为主流形式,制约了低碳农村的发展。为了阐述现代夯土建筑采用“本土材料、本土技术”的建造方式可有效节能减排。本研究在考虑现代夯土建筑建造方式的特殊性和建造过程中数据清单受人为统计水平限制导致结果出现差异性的基础上,提出将排放因子法结合不同结构形式的现代夯土建筑具体施工方式和广联达BIM算量软件对建筑物化阶段进行精确建模,分析不同结构形式的现代夯土建筑物化阶段碳排放变化情况。从环境可持续发展层面的碳排放角度,以现代夯土建筑和普通砖混结构农宅为例,构建适用于不同建筑结构物化阶段CO_(2)排放的计算模型,以量化出来的指标数据来评价前者的减排效果。计算得出,西南农村地区不同结构形式的现代夯土建筑在生产、运输阶段的单位面积碳排放量分别为177.63 kgCO_(2)e/m^(2)、264.7 kgCO_(2)e/m^(2),施工阶段的单位面积碳排放量分别为19.1kg CO_(2)e/m^(2)、15.94 kgCO_(2)e/m^(2);通过对比分析,不同结构形式现代夯土建筑建造阶段的单位面积碳排放量分别为196.73 kgCO_(2)e/m^(2)、280.64 kgCO_(2)e/m^(2)是传统砖混结构的1.7倍、1.2倍,此数据提供了现代夯土建筑可以节能减排的依据,也为西南农村地区的住宅建设提供绿色发展的新思路。

“能耗双控”向“碳排放双控”转变下的企业政策响应研究——以浙江省为例

具有负外部性的复杂环境政策对企业的影响和企业的应对策略之间缺乏联动性的整体研究,因此,论文提出DIIS政策文本分析法、DANP网络分析法和SPACE矩阵融合的企业环境政策响应模型(DDS),对“能耗双控”向“碳排放双控”转变形势下浙江省工业企业的政策响应开展研究和实证分析。建立“能耗双控”和“碳排放双控”政策库,通过基于DIIS理论的政策文本分析,形成政策、经济、社会、技术四个维度的18项影响因素;结合问卷调研,通过DANP法分析得到8种企业类别的环境政策影响指标权重;进而将指标与权重映射到SPACE矩阵,最终得到不同企业的应对策略选择。结果表明:(1)不同类型的企业响应程度不同,国有企业偏向于响应政策调控,民营企业偏向于对市场竞争和技术突破做出响应;(2)产业链低碳转型等社会性的因素受到所有企业的关注,而资源倾斜、低碳人才培养、核算标准制定等因素普遍被企业忽视;(3)综合考虑不同企业响应策略,建议政府部门应针对企业特点精准施策。

基于系统动力学模型的综合货运枢纽绿色转型机理及实施路径研究

为助力加快实现交通运输行业绿色转型,以综合货运枢纽为着眼点,探索其绿色转型和高质量发展的实施方案。首先,识别出政策、技术创新、管理效率等3个关键因素,揭示综合货运枢纽绿色转型的动态支撑机理。然后,基于对各因素的分析,将环保政策松紧系数、科技投入系数、污染物排放系数作为变量,构建包含枢纽物流供应子系统、枢纽物流需求子系统、节能减排子系统的系统动力学模型。再以四川省某综合货运枢纽为例进行模拟,验证模型的有效性和实用性。最后,从政策标准、技术组合和管理效率等3个方面提出绿色转型路径。研究结果显示:(1)表征政策因素的环保政策松紧系数对节能减排有显著正面影响,但同时限制了枢纽总产值的提升,需关注政策出台时机和松紧度;(2)表征科技研发投入的科技投入系数对节能减排有显著正面影响,既减少碳排放,又不影响枢纽总产值提升,且存在后发优势;(3)表征绿色技术设备投入效果的污染物排放系数对节能减排有显著正面影响,但提示资金投入与减排效果并不是简单的线性关系,需重点关注绿色技术设备的组合优化,做好技术与业务流程的融合;(4)表征管理效率的排放治理投资系数呈现先增后减的趋势,说明需在枢纽结构、招商、人力、资金等方面设定合理区间以确保环保投入产出效果。通过动态模拟综合货运枢纽绿色转型机理,为地方政府因地制宜出台相关政策,以及为货运枢纽运营企业采取科学有效的技术手段和管理措施提供了理论依据。

绿色金融助推重污染企业减排效应研究

基于2012—2022年沪深A股上市公司样本,以2017年成立的首批绿色金融改革创新试验区作为准自然试验,采用三重差分方法,通过比较绿色金融试点政策实施前后、试点地区相对于非试点地区、重污染行业相对于非重污染行业,企业碳排放是否变化来检验绿色金融试点政策对企业污染减排的影响。研究发现:绿色金融试点政策有效降低了试点地区重污染企业的碳排放水平,经过一系列稳健性检验后结论依然成立。机制分析表明,末端治理、融资约束以及缩减规模是绿色金融政策降低重污染企业碳排放的重要渠道。异质性分析发现,绿色金融试点政策的碳减排效果在国有企业、外部融资依赖度高的企业、资本密集型行业、环境规制较强地区的重污染企业中更为显著。研究结论不仅为评估绿色金融试点政策的实施效果提供了经验证据,还对绿色金融改革创新试验区的复制和推广具有实践意义。

基于混合仿真试验的建筑拆除废弃物管理减碳减排效益研究

建筑拆除废弃物的增加对城市低碳可持续发展造成了严重阻碍。研究旨在探讨以“低碳化”和“无废化”为目标的建筑拆除废弃物管理政策,采用基于主体仿真和系统动力学方法的混合仿真模型,借助Anylogic软件和Java编程语言构建拆除废弃物管理的碳排放仿真试验平台,以评估不同管理策略的减废与减碳效果。研究结果显示:在建筑拆除废弃物的管理过程中,现场管理阶段的碳排放量与废弃物排放量最大,应重点改善;利益主体之间的互动有助于拆除公司向绿色拆除公司转型,提升建筑拆除废弃物管理的减排和减碳效果;源头减量、分类分拣、从量收费和宣传教育政策的组合政策效果最佳,其中的源头减量政策在减碳减排方面发挥了显著作用。研究成果有助于政府制定相关低碳管理政策,推动实现“碳中和”和“无废城市”的目标。

我国排污权交易试点工作的进展与挑战

排污权交易是健全现代环境治理体系和治理能力现代化的必然要求,是健全资源环境要素市场化配置的重要手段。我国排污权交易经过三十余年的试点实践,在制度体系建立,机构、平台建设,市场化交易及政策创新等方面取得积极进展,政府主导的排污权交易市场逐步建立,交易污染物种类和地域范围不断扩大,法治化进程不断推进。本文在系统梳理我国排污权交易试点实践总体进展的同时,研究提出排污权交易面临顶层设计引领不足、相关管理制度衔接不畅、市场规模低于预期等挑战,并从国家层面进一步明确排污权交易制度深化改革方向、不断健全制度规范及激励约束机制等方面提出推进排污权交易的对策建议。

中国农业非二氧化碳温室气体减排的政策措施、技术应用与对策启示

非二氧化碳温室气体具有升温潜势高和排放增速快等特点,对全球气候变化具有不可忽视的影响。为应对全球气候变化,针对甲烷和氧化亚氮等非二氧化碳温室气体减排工作刻不容缓。本文聚焦甲烷与氧化亚氮温室气体排放,搜集并整理了中国农业源非二氧化碳温室气体排放的总量、来源及时间趋势等现状;通过政策和文献梳理,从减排政策和技术应用两个方面对比分析了中国和国际典型的农业非二氧化碳温室气体减排行动;并基于排放现状和对比分析,总结了中国在减排工作中面临的困境与挑战,进而提出相应的减排对策。虽然中国已逐步将非二氧化碳温室气体减排纳入国家战略规划,农业部门也出台了针对性政策,但非二氧化碳温室气体减排工作仍存在有待完善之处,应持续加强技术研发和完善推广机制,健全碳交易市场与公共低碳投资机制。本文为进一步完善非二氧化碳温室气体减排政策措施和相关研究的开展提供了科学依据。

Quantifying China's iron and steel industry's CO_(2) emissions and environmental health burdens:A pathway to sustainable transformation

Assessing the iron and steel industry's(ISI)impact on climate change and environmental health is vital,particularly in China,where this sector significantly influences air quality and CO_(2)emissions.There is a lack of comprehensive analyses that consider the environmental and health burdens of manufacturing processes for ISI enterprises.Here,we present an integrated emission inventory that encompasses air pollutants and CO_(2)emissions from 811 ISI enterprises and five key manufacturing processes in 2020.Our analysis shows that sintering is the primary source of air pollution in the ISI.It contributes 71%of SO_(2),73%of NO_(x),and 54%of PM_(2.5)emissions.On the other hand,81%of total CO_(2)emissions come from blast furnaces.Significantly,the contributions of ISI have resulted in an increase of 3.6 mg m^(-3)in national population-weighted PM_(2.5)concentration,causing approximately 59,035 premature deaths in 2020.Emissions from Hebei,Jiangsu,Shandong,Shanxi,and Inner Mongolia provinces contributed to 48%of PM_(2.5)-related deaths in China.Moreover,the transportation of air pollutants across provincial borders highlights a concerning trend of environmental health inequality.Based on the research findings,it is crucial for ISI manufacturers to prioritize the removal of outdated production capacities and adopt energy-efficient and advanced techniques,along with ultra-low emission technologies.This is particularly important for those manufacturers with substantial environmental footprints.These transformative actions are essential in mitigating the environmental and health impacts in the affected regions.

重金属污染物排污权交易与现行环境管理政策制度的衔接研究

排污权交易作为市场化资源配置手段,可实现以较低成本达成污染物总量控制的目标。目前,中国重金属污染物排污权交易工作尚处于探索阶段。在中国部分地区开展重金属污染物排污权交易工作的基础上,按照五要素(排污权确权、交易价格、交易规则、交易监管和交易效能)识别分析了排污权交易与现行环境管理政策制度的衔接。结果表明,重金属排污权交易与污染防治政策、环境影响评价和排污许可等16项政策制度存在衔接,其中总量控制、排污许可和行政处罚衔接范围最广;按衔接的政策制度数量,五要素的排序为交易规则>排污权确权=交易效能>交易价格=交易监管。具体来看,排污权确权通过与污染防治政策、环境影响评价等衔接来确定确权范围和确权依据;交易价格通过价格激励机制促进企业主动守法,但目前与相关环境管理政策制度的衔接较少,仅在部分地区与工业企业绩效评价、环境功能区划、“三线一单”管控等存在衔接;交易规则通过与污染防治政策、环境影响评价、排污许可等衔接,在区域范围、行业范围、指标来源范围、指标受让范围和交易流程方面促进区域、行业等政策制度的落实;交易监管通过与排污许可、总量控制等衔接推动排污权合法实施;交易效能通过与总量控制、绿色金融等衔接激发排污权交易制度的活力。

复杂航路网络航空排放精细建模与绿色轨迹优化研究

为准确测算航空排放及其环境影响,有效缓解航路网络大气污染问题,本文提出一种基于四维飞行轨迹与三维空间气象数据分析的复杂航路网络航空排放精细建模与大规模航空器群绿色轨迹优化方法。针对航空器不同飞行状态,建立复杂航路网络CO_(2)排放和凝结尾生成模型,并以全球绝对温变潜力(AGTP)评价航空排放的大气环境影响;进而以最小化AGTP为目标,提出大规模航空器群绿色轨迹优化模型(GTO-LSA),在此基础上,通过挖掘大量历史运行数据的环境影响分布特征,提出基于环境影响阈值的绿色轨迹优化模型(GTO-EIT)。实例分析表明,本文所提方法可有效缓解航空排放的大气环境影响,在25,50,100年时间水平下,GTO-LSA可使环境影响降低11.51%、4.82%及4.20%,GTO-EIT则可降低10.87%、4.05%及3.67%,同时,运行效率平均提升了27.58%,航空器调控架次和调控频次平均下降了50.22%和48.37%。