The Brief Introduction to the Sino-US Joint Centers for Soil and Water Conservation and Environmental Protection

Erosion and transport of soil has worldwide implications for agriculture, landscape stability, climate, natural hazards, and clean, renewable resources of water and air. Assured access to clean water and a healthy and safe environment requires an ethic of conservation and protection. The minimum scale in which these principles apply successfully is basin wide. These are the fundamental concerns of the Sino-US Centers for Soil and Water Conservation and Environmental Protection.

Application of Temporary Technology for Soil and Water Conservation in Crop Protection

The increasing of highway engineering construction makes soil and water loss surrounding highway and also influences the growth of crops around, To control soil and water loss, new engineering measures are put forward to protect soil and water and prevent crops from being damaged.

Position and Role of the Soil and Water Conservation in Building Ecological Province of Anhui

According to the strategic position of ecological environment in building ecological province of Anhui, we discussed the position and role of soil and water conservation in ecological environment construction and ecological province, and put forward development suggestion of soil and water conservation under new situation.

Roles of Science and Technology in Soil and Water Conservation in the New Era

Firstly,current situation and main problems of science and technology development of soil and water conservation were analyzed,and then roles of science and technology in soil and water conservation were studied. At last,exploration ways of roles of science and technology in soil and water conservation were proposed.

The Theory of Soil and Water Ecology is a Major Scientific Issue

The theory of soil and water ecology is an important scientific issue related to the fundamental and overall situation of ecological environment and has important strategic significance for the protection of the earth’s ecological environment.Applying the theory of soil and water ecology to soil and water conservation can upgrade soil and water conservation from version 1.0 to version 2.0 of soil and water ecological conservation and further expand the space of soil and water conservation.The paper suggests that while giving full play to the existing strength of soil and water conservation departments,it should establish national soil and water conservation commission for coordinating multi sector forces and vigorously promoting the realization of beautiful and rich China.

Water resource conservation promotes synergy between economy and environment in China’s northern drylands

Water resource availability is the major limiting factor for sustainable development in drylands.Climate change intensifies the conflicting water demands between people and the environment and highlights the importance of effective water resource management for achieving a balance between economic development and environmental protection.In 2008,Inner Mongolia,typical dryland in northern China,proposed strict regulations on water exploitation and utilization aimed at achieving sustainable development.Our study is the first to investigate the effectiveness and performance of these long-standing water conservation regulations.Our analyses found that the regulations drove industrial transformation,evidenced by the decreasing proportion of environmentally harmful industries such as coal and steel,and the increasing proportion of tertiary industries(especially tourism).Following industrial transformation,economic development decoupled from industrial water consumption and subsequently led to reduced negative environmental impacts.Based on these results,adaptive strategies were developed for 12 cities by revealing and integrating their development pathways and relative status in achieving sustainable development.Integration and cooperation between cities were proposed,e.g.,a water trade agreement between eastern Inner Mongolia(an economically underdeveloped region with relatively abundant water resources)and central Inner Mongolia(an economically developed region with high water stress).Such an agreement may enable the holistic achievement of sustainable development across regions.By integrating the findings of our research,our study presents a reproducible framework for water-management-based sustainable development strategies in drylands.

三维土工网边坡防护水土保持能力研究

路基边坡防护工程可减轻降雨对坡面土体的侵蚀作用,为深入研究坡面防护材料水土保持能力的定量表征方法,通过室内人工降雨边坡侵蚀模型试验,分析不同降雨强度和不同三维土工网防护下路基边坡的降雨侵蚀规律,提出三维土工网水土保持能力的试验测定方法及相关系数计算公式。研究结果表明:三维土工网防护边坡泥沙流失干质量明显小于相同条件下不设防边坡泥沙流失干质量,土工网防护在减少边坡侵蚀量的同时,有利于边坡侵蚀进程的快速稳定,但土工网的水土保持能力随雨强增大急剧下降。泥沙流失速度随着降雨的持续而逐渐减小,后期趋于收敛稳定,侵蚀历程采用指数函数拟合具有较好的相关性。建议设防边坡的试验降雨时间不少于70 min,不设防的边坡试验降雨时间不小于100 min。水土保持能力系数随雨强的增大呈对数函数关系减小,雨强超过100 mm/h时水土保持能力系数实测值与对数函数拟合值差异较大,建议在测定材料水土保持能力系数时雨强取20~100 mm/h,可取50 mm/h作为标准试验雨强。泡面类三维土工网水土保持能力显著优于普通三维土工网,而双泡面的三维土工网优于单泡面三维土工网。试验条件下凹凸泡面三维土工网的水土保持能力系数主要分布在1.71~3.03,建议50 mm/h雨强三维土工网水土保持能力系数不应小于1.5。

FROM WASTELAND TO PARKLAND:THE MAKING OF CORKTOWN COMMON

INTRODUCTION Density,public health and safety,quality of life,and sustainability are some of the most confounding issucs that major citics face today as they cxpand in population and arca.How do we bring urban populations closer together in the public realm,while still providing space for the individual psyche and also incrcasing the overall sense of positive conncction to the natural world and to cach other?Robust natural landscapes have somctimes been considered a luxury within a functioning city,but morc and morc they are being recognized for the vital role they play in making citics livable.The story of Corktown Common rclatcs how a landscape built of neces-sity was also designed to deliver myriad public bencfts,including enhanced urban ccology and sustainability.

Soil Bunds Effect on Soil Properties under Different Topographies of the Southwest Ethiopia

Soil erosion is a major environmental problem affecting development endeavor.Physical soil and water conservation(SWC)measures such as soil bunds are implemented to mitigate soil erosion.However,information on the effects of soil bunds on soil fertility is limited.This study was aimed to evaluate soil quality in fields with soil bunds and with no soil bunds in steep,middle and lower sloping cultivated lands as well as spatial variation of soil properties in between bunds in southwest Ethiopia.About 7-15 years old bunds and nearby cultivated fields lacking bunds were assessed.From 0 cm-20 cm soil depth,a 36 soil samples were collected.Soil texture,soil organic carbon(SOC),total nitrogen(N_(tot))and exchangeable potassium(K_(exch))were analyzed.Soil bunds showed significantly(p<0.0.5)greater clay but less sand than adjacent no-bund fields.In steep,middle,and lower slopes,concentrations of SOC and Kexch were greater in fields with soil bunds than without.Lower slope fields showed greater clay,SOC and nutrients than steep slopes.In between soil bunds,soil was more fertile at above bunds than below the bunds.In Fanta watershed,soil bunds are vital conservation measure to retain soil fertility on cultivated mountainous area.

铁路工程建设环水保风险演化研究

研究目的:随着绿色发展理念的提出,对铁路工程建设环境保护和水土保持提出了更高的要求。为顺利完成工程建设环水保目标,识别铁路工程建设环水保风险因素,建立环水保风险演化的系统动力学模型,并以H铁路工程项目为例进行仿真分析,了解风险演化过程,明确风险防控的重点任务。研究结论:(1)在建设过程中环水保风险呈现先增加后稳定的总体趋势,其中开工建设前期为环水保风险的集中涌现阶段;(2)风险因素取值的变化将对环水保风险产生不同程度的影响,其中环水保专项资金不足改变对环水保风险系统影响最大,人员专业能力不足和环境本底调查不全面次之,施工机械污染大变动对系统影响较小;(3)工程项目引入风险预警机制有利于控制环水保风险,预警值的大小将影响风险防控效果;(4)本研究结果可为工程项目防控环水保风险提供借鉴与参考。

专业群服务节能环保产业高质量发展的路径探究——以长江工程职业技术学院生态水利专业群为例

通过对湖北现代节能环保产业发展现状的分析,结合生态水利专业群的特点与优势,以长江工程职业技术学院为例探索高职院校生态水利专业群服务湖北现代节能环保产业高质量发展路径,从而提升高职院校服务地方经济的能力,为高职院校生态水利专业群的建设和发展提供参考。

两种草本植物对红黏土边坡的固土护坡效应

[目的]探讨两种草本植物对红黏土边坡的固土护坡效应,为该类型边坡、河道、大坝的生态治理提供科学参考。[方法]以红黏土边坡为研究对象,选取狗牙根和香根草作为护坡植物,通过种植试验、根系拉伸试验、直剪试验、室内模拟冲刷试验,探讨两种草本植物的护坡效应。[结果]①种植150 d内,两种草本植物均稳定生长,根系抗拉强度持续增加;生长30~150 d,狗牙根的最大抗拉力从0.84 N增至8.59 N,香根草的最大抗拉力从4.78 N增至89.89 N。②生长120 d时,对比无根土,狗牙根根土复合体的黏聚力提升91.1%,内摩擦角提升12.45%;香根草根土复合体的黏聚力提升107.47%,内摩擦角提升12.74%。③生长150 d时,对比裸坡,狗牙根坡的径流速率降低45.02%~54.15%,产沙速率降低58.3%~93.85%,60 min累计产沙量降低81.02%;香根草坡的径流速率降低35.46%~46.48%,产沙速率降低46.8%~89.44%,60 min累计产沙量降低74.61%。[结论]两种草本植物对红黏土边坡都具有良好的固土护坡效应,香根草对土体抗剪强度的增益效果更明显,狗牙根的水土保持效果更显著。

石漠化边坡及其植被板槽的地下渗漏一体化综合观测技术及应用模拟

【目的】表土贫瘠的石漠化边坡的地表和地下水土流失严重,限制了该地区的植被恢复,其水土保持生态防护是目前绿色公路建设的热点问题。【方法】结合广西贺巴高速来都段石漠化边坡应用梯级植被板槽进行水土保持的工程需求,研发了石漠化边坡地下渗漏的一体化综合观测技术,并利用数值分析软件,分别对该石漠化边坡及其植被板槽水土流失一体化综合观测的概化模型,进行应用性的数值试验模拟观测和分析。【结果】数值试验结果表明:石漠化边坡在仅覆盖一层薄土层时,总地下渗漏量达到65%以上,随着岩溶裂隙率和裂隙倾角的增加,基岩裂隙渗漏量占比增加,表层岩溶带渗漏量占比减小;在石漠化边坡上设置集约化填土的植被板槽措施后,在不考虑板槽底的防渗漏材料时,总地下渗漏量占比变成40%左右,与仅覆盖一层薄土的石漠化边坡相比地下渗漏占比降低25%以上。石漠化边坡上植被板槽的蓄水效率随植被覆盖度的增加而增加;坡度的增加会造成裸露边坡的地下渗漏量增加,因此必须加强石漠化边坡集雨面功能的建设和坡面降雨径流收集。【结论】研究成果可为石漠化边坡植被板槽水土保持生态防护措施的现场研究和工程应用提供理论依据。

抽水蓄能电站建设期环境与生态问题及治理保护措施

抽水蓄能电站具有调峰、调频、调相、储能等功能,是推动能源转型的重要支撑,也是实现“双碳”目标的重要组成部分。但抽水蓄能电站在建设期会带来系列环境与生态问题,需要引起重视。利用文献调研和现场勘察的方法,聚焦抽水蓄能电站建设过程中产生的生态环境问题以及相关治理措施。从环境与生态的角度,分析了抽水蓄能电站建设所引起的水环境、大气环境、声环境和固体废物污染问题,提出了工程作业造成植被破坏从而加剧水土流失的风险,同时破坏生物多样性,总结了针对系列环境与生态问题的相应治理措施,有效降低对周围环境的危害。研究结果可为构建生态环保、绿色友好型施工环境提供理论支撑,以积极响应中国“双碳”号召。

装配式建筑环境效益分析与测算

装配式建筑作为新型建筑工业化的代表,具有巨大的社会效益和经济效益,但目前针对装配式建筑环境效益的分析研究还不够深入,因此从“四节一环保”角度出发,在深入分析各个环节装配式建筑对环境产生的影响的基础上,研究测算装配式建筑环境效益的方法。以天津市某项目为依托收集数据,定量分析装配式建筑在环境效益方面产生的优势。结果显示,装配式建筑环境效益比传统现浇建筑每单位面积节约12.17元,并有针对性地提出了优化建议。

超长公路隧道施工对水土保持的影响及其对策研究

天山胜利隧道地处天山1号冰川、二级水源地保护区、多个国家森林公园等环境脆弱区域内,建设过程中的水土保持问题对当地生态环境保护具有重要意义,调研发现影响水土流失的主要因素为隧道弃渣场的防护、占用场地和影响区域表层土的利用、施工废水及隧道涌水、隧道建设附属设施防护和恢复等。通过室内试验与数值模拟相结合,确定了隧道弃渣场的选址位置、施工废水及隧道涌水处理方法、临时场地设施防护和修复方法。

环境检测技术在水质、监测中的应用研究

随着工业化进程的加速和城市化水平的提升,环境污染问题日益严重。环境检验检测是重要的手段,用于识别和控制污染,在污染源监测与治理中发挥着关键作用。然而,环境检验检测仍面临检测技术、数据标准化和监测网络等方面的挑战。基于此,文章对环境检验检测在污染源监测与治理中的作用进行了深入分析,并提出了相应的对策建议,以期提高环境检验检测能力,从而有效应对环境污染问题,促进可持续发展。

西气东输三线七标段项目秦岭段生态环境保护实践

西气东输三线七标段项目穿越秦岭环境敏感区,该区域生物多样性丰富,植被覆盖率高,是重要的水源地,因此对项目施工作业过程中环境保护的要求非常高。文章根据项目施工作业特点和周边环境情况,从专项方案制定、防止水土流失、防止水污染、防止设备设施污染、防止有毒有害固体废物污染等方面着手,提出了切实可行的保护生态环境的组织、管理、技术手段。在最大程度上减少了项目施工作业对周边环境的影响,使项目绿色环保工作平稳有序进行。同时分析了当前工作存在的不足,指出下一步在施工方案优化、植被恢复、节能减排、技术创新、宣传培训等方面需要加强。

铁路建设项目施工期环境保护与水土保持信息化技术研究与应用

以铁路建设项目施工期环水保管理业务内容为基础,充分考虑信息化技术手段,提出环水保管理信息系统和环境在线监控系统的构建思路。从基础信息管理、综合业务管理、过程管理和竣工验收管理4个方面阐述环水保管理信息系统;从传感器监控、视频监控2个角度阐述环境在线监控系统。根据目前信息化技术的应用现状分析主要存在问题,并提出信息化发展和应用的合理化建议。

环保管家服务模式在延长高速蒲烟段施工期的应用

本文以延吉至长春高速公路大蒲柴河至烟筒山段为例,介绍环保管家服务模式在该项目建设过程中的环境保护和水土保持方面的工作内容、方式和成效,总结该模式在公路建设项目中的实践经验和存在的问题,为公路建设项目环保管家服务模式顶层设计和绿色公路建设提供参考。