A Comparative Analysis of Visualization Methods in Architecture:Employing Virtual Reality to Support the Decision-Making Process in the Architecture,Engineering,and Construction Industry

The design process of the built environment relies on the collaborative effort of all parties involved in the project.During the design phase,owners,end users,and their representatives are expected to make the most critical design and budgetary decisions-shaping the essential traits of the project,hence emerge the need and necessity to create and integrate mechanisms to support the decision-making process.Design decisions should not be based on assumptions,past experiences,or imagination.An example of the numerous problems that are a result of uninformed design decisions is“change orders”,known as the deviation from the original scope of work,which leads to an increase of the overall cost,and changes to the construction schedule of the project.The long-term aim of this inquiry is to understand the user’s behavior,and establish evidence-based control measures,which are actions and processes that can be implemented in practice to decrease the volume and frequency of the occurrence of change orders.The current study developed a foundation for further examination by proposing potential control measures,and testing their efficiency,such as integrating Virtual Reality(VR).The specific aim was to examine the effect of different visualization methods(i.e.,VR vs.construction drawings)on,(1)how well the subjects understand the information presented about the future/planned environment;(2)the subjects’perceived confidence in what the future environment will look like;(3)the likelihood of changing the built environment;(4)design review time;and(5)accuracy in reviewing and understanding the design.

The Important Role of Quality Management in Environmental Monitoring

Environmental protection is an important topic of global concern in recent years,and environmental monitoring is one of the most intuitive and effective means to reflect the environmental situation.With the increasing task of environmental monitoring,the number of environmental monitoring institutions is increasing.It should strengthen quality management to ensure the accuracy and effectiveness of environmental monitoring results.

Development of Reaction Process with the Consideration of Environmental Impact Minimization

A methodology is presented to identify environmental impact minimization alternative for reaction processes and assess their environmental performance.The potential environmental impact (PEI) scheme can be used to visibly display the transformation relationships among different types of PEI,identify the sources of environmental impacts,and propose alternatives for eliminating of minimizing the impacts.To evaluate the environmental performance of the alternatives effectively,some new indices,such as PEI input rate of non-products,PEI output rate of non-products per profit and the PEI conversion efficiency are proposed.Finally,the application of the methodology is illustrated using an industrial case study.

A Review of the History and Development of Integrated Pest Management(IPM)

The evolvement of IPM has experienced several significant stages. IPM is an ecosystem as a governance unit. It allows the presence of low numbers of pests because a direct or indirect relationship between biological species and their associated environmental living conditions could keep a long-term ecological balance. IPM also emphasizes overall benefits; it is necessary to integrate all kinds of safe, effective, economic, and simple managements as far as possible. When synthesizing and coordinating various managements, effective control object, effective time limit, effective scope, and effective degree of the individual method should be analysed first. The ultimate goal of IPM is for the sustainable development of agriculture. In the future IPM system engineering, crop resistance, the role of natural enemies, agricultural control, and the application of biological control technologies will be greatly strengthened, and the role of chemical pesticides will be significantly reduced. Safe, effective, and long-lasting control of pest populations will be below the level of harm caused, which could protect the ecological environment and the health of people and livestock, and promote the development of production.

Enterprise Process Modeling Methodology and Environment Supporting Project Management

Development of the global economy makes modem enterprises confront challenges of efficient managements for large projects and complex processes. Projects are typically managed in rather special manners. On the contrary, there exist many methodologies for product process management to achieve consistency and continuance. However, processes often lack flexibility offered by projects. This paper dis~ the relationship of conceptual characteristics between process and project, gives low-level details to tackle the difference between them, and proposes an enterprise process modeling method for project management. An integrated environment is designed to support the method from which both project management and process management can receive benefits and conform to the limitations.

Review of Groundwater Protection and Management in China

This review begins with an introduction of groundwater resources in China and their distribution characteristic,followed by an elaboration of the exploitation and utilization of groundwater and the negative environmental effects from groundwater overexploitation, and a description of the existing groundwater protection and management measures. At last, the existing problems in groundwater protection and management, with some suggestions, are presented.

Research on Restoration and Intelligent Management of the Global Village

A sharp rebound in global energy emissions in 2018 is disappointing as the carbon-dioxide data monitored by mon ppm,hawaii reached 415.09 on may 3,the highest level in at least 800,000 years.We are well known to emit 0.272 kg of carbon dust,0.997 kg of carbon dioxide(C02),0.03 kg of sulfur dioxide(S02),0.015 kg of nitrogen oxides(NOX)and huge amounts of heat to the earth for each electricity we use a 1 degree thermal power plant.Therefore,the full use of renewable energy instead of fossil energy,not only to achieve reduction.The effective measures to open the era of boiler and automobile cold emission are also the trend of the development of national environmental protection and energy strategy.

Application of Whole Membrane Water Treatment Technology in Environmental Protection

In the current social development of our country,environmental protection has become a key content,and water treatment process is a key step to achieve environmental protection.This paper analyzes the application of whole membrane water treatment technology in environmental protection.It is hoped that this analysis can be helpful for the rational application of the whole membrane water treatment technology and the improvement of environmental protection quality.

Defence force activities in marine protected areas:environmental management of Shoalwater Bay Training Area,Queensland,Australia

Environmental management of military activities is of growing global concern by defence forces. As one of the largest landholders in Australia, the Australian Defence Force (ADF) is increasingly concerned with sustainable environmental management. This paper focuses on how the ADF is maintaining effective environmental management, especially in environmentally sensitive marine protected areas. It uses Shoalwater Bay Training Area (SWBTA) as a research example to examine environmental management strategies conducted by the ADF. SWBTA is one of the most significant Defence training areas in Australia, with a large number of single, joint and combined military exercises conducted in the area. With its maritime component contained in the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park (GBRMP), the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area (GBRWHA), and abutting Queensland’s State Marine Parks, it has high protection values. It is therefore vital for the ADF to adopt environmentally responsible management while they are conducting military activities. As to various tools employed to manage environmental performance, the ISO 14001 Environmental Management System (EMS) is widely used by the ADF. This paper examines military activities and marine environmental management within SWBTA, using the Talisman Saber (TS) exercise series as an example. These are extensive joint exercises conducted by the ADF and the United States defence forces. The paper outlines relevant legislative framework and environmental policies, analyses how the EMS operates in environmental management of military activities, and how military activities comply with these regulations. It discusses the implementation of the ADF EMS, including risk reduction measures, environmental awareness training, consultation and communication with stakeholders. A number of environmental management actions used in the TS exercises are presented to demonstrate the EMS application. Our investigations to this point indicate that the ADF is complying with all relevant legislation and policies. Further research is required to confirm compliance and conclude that military activities have good accord with environmental management objectives.

Causes,Effects,and Control Measures of Construction Change Orders in the U.S.

Change orders have a significant impact on many aspects of construction projects.They are known to be the primary cause of litigation in the construction industry.Change orders are almost inevitable due to the uniqueness of each project from many perspectives,such as the type of building,complexity of the design,human factors,and the available resources.Change orders are the formal mechanism to implement design changes during the execution phase.These changes are usually the outcome of lack of visualization by the owner,misunderstanding,miscommunication between different parties involved in the project,shortage in resources,and other factors.This research aims to investigate and rank causes,effects,and control measures of change orders in the construction industry in the U.S.This research presents the results of a questionnaire surveying owners,contractors,and consultants.A total of 123 industry professionals in the Architecture,Engineering,and Construction(AEC)field,with either significant or final decision-making authority on reviewing,issuing,and approving change orders responded to the survey.Results indicated that owners are the primary source followed by consultants and contractors,respectively.Some of the more important control measures identified in this research are collaboration and visualization technologies.

“监督机制”还是“掏空行为”:超额聘任独立董事与企业环保投资

以2007—2021年沪深A股上市公司为研究对象,深入探究超额聘任独立董事对企业环保投资的影响效应及作用机制。研究发现:超额聘任独立董事对企业环保投资具有显著的促进作用,验证了超额聘任独立董事属于一种“监督机制”;超额聘任独立董事通过抑制管理层短视和大股东掏空行为来促进企业进行环保投资;在重污染行业、两职合一以及独立董事薪酬较低的企业中,超额聘任独立董事对企业环保投资的促进作用更显著。

化工安全生产与环境保护管理措施研究初探

关注污水处理与环境保护管理,涵盖污水处理基本概念、处理方法、过程及其对环境与健康的影响。污水处理旨在去除污水中的有害物质,包括固体颗粒、有机物、无机物,通过化学、生物和物理方法实现;处理过程包括预处理、一级处理、二级处理、三级处理、消毒和最终处理,确保排放水质达标;不当处理可能导致环境污染和健康问题,污水处理对环境有积极影响,保护水资源和生态系统,对公共健康而言,正确处理有助于减少疾病传播风险。

化工安全与环保课程电化学腐蚀原电池综合教学实验

本文探讨化工安全与环保课程实验教学的背景及其教育重要性,并描述课程团队如何有效利用武汉工程大学“三实一创”模式进行教学。以“电化学腐蚀原电池综合教学实验”为例,文章分析实验教学的应用和效果,总结教学成果,并对化工安全与环保领域的潜在实验教学应用提出展望,为该领域的教学实践提供理论和实证支持。

基于“以学生为中心”理念的制药过程安全与环保课程改革

本文旨在探讨在以学生为中心的教学理念下对制药过程安全与环保课程进行改革的方法与策略。主要包括课程内容的改革与创新,建立课程案例库以及开发和积累新型教材。通过设计课程内容和教学体系,建立案例库,并总结过去年份的制药行业安全事故,以提高课程的实用性和针对性。

带式焙烧机配建200万吨磨矿生产线设计特点

介绍了某200万吨/a带式焙烧机球团磨矿生产线的设计特点。通过对原矿特性和球团生产需求的研究,确定采用先进的两段湿式闭路磨矿生产工艺,最终产品为粒度-200目以下≥95%,水分≤9%的赤铁精矿。设计过程中,集成应用了多项先进设备,如溢流型球磨机、立磨机、高效浓密机、快开板框压滤机等,并充分考虑了节能环保因素,生产能耗低,噪音污染小,无生产污水和固体废弃物外排。本工程的建成为带式焙烧机生产的原料供应提供了新的思路。

环境问责风险与重污染企业审计费用——基于中央生态环境保护督察的准自然实验研究

本文以2008-2017年我国A股上市制造业企业为样本,以中央生态环境保护督察组进驻为准自然实验,以重污染制造业企业为实验组、非重污染制造业企业为对照组,构建多期双重差分模型,检验环境问责制对重污染企业审计费用的影响。研究发现,环境问责制显著降低重污染企业的审计费用;机制检验发现,环境问责制通过提升重污染企业绿色治理水平、会计信息质量和管理层语调可靠度,来降低重污染企业审计费用;异质性检验发现,在政企关联强、风险承担水平低、地区公众环境关注高的企业,环境问责制对重污染企业审计费用的影响更显著。本研究拓展了中央生态环境保护督察的微观后果,为规范环境风险挑战下重污染企业的审计定价、优化环境规制体系提供理论与决策依据。

化学实验室环保技术和管理的探索与实践

实验室在运行过程中,存在试剂种类复杂、检验项目多、标准化程度低等情况,分析了环保管理问题产生的原因,阐述了实验室的环境影响因素,讨论了“三废”的排放标准、计算方法、现有的治理技术,提出了实验室“三废”减量、按期监测、合规转移等全流程管理建议。

遥感技术在农业资源与土壤环境综合监测上的应用

近年来,遥感技术和遥感设备已被普遍应用于农业资源与土壤环境综合监测中,且在农业生产、环境保护和自然资源管理等几个方面成效卓著。但是,土壤问题依然影响着人类的生态文明建设,制约着人类健康和发展的稳定性。随着国内外对土壤问题研究和调查的不断深入,针对性提出的一系列解决方案和政策措施在一定程度上改善了土壤环境问题,但也暴露出监测技术不足、监测方法亟待改进等很多新问题。本文综述了遥感监测技术在农业生产、环境保护和自然资源管理三个方面的应用现状,重点对遥感监测手段、遥感技术在土壤监测方面的应用进行了较全面的阐述,对现有工作中存在的问题进行总结,并对今后的发展方向做出展望。