Superomniphobic surfaces for easy-removals of environmentalrelated liquids after icing and melting

Superhydrophobic surfaces often lose the easy-removal ability of liquids during icing&melting cycles due to the impalement phenomena of air pockets.Especially for the most common mixed liquids in normal life,their difficult-removals after icing and melting have brought colossal troubles in the fields of aviation,energy,biomedicine,etc.Here we adopt the ultrafast laser to fabricate the optimal micro-nanostructured surfaces,realizing excellent superomniphobicity for seven environmental-related liquids.It is demonstrated that different droplets on the surfaces recover well to the original Cassie-Baxter state after melting,and can be removed easily at low tilted angles.The ice adhesion strengths of the seven liquids as low as 5 kPa and the micro-nanostructure durability ensure the long-term easy-removal after icing.Compared with the ice adhesion strength of untreated surfaces(264.4±17.6 kPa),those of our designed surfaces have decreased by over 50 times.Icing and melting processes are investigated to reveal the easy-removal mechanisms that specifically distributed solutes and bubbles after icing impact downwards significantly to accelerate the recovery of the Cassie–Baxter state during melting.A series of environmental-related durability experiments including continuous icing&melting cycles,long-term salt spray,and high-pressure water jet impact further demonstrate the surfaces promising for real applications.

Investigating the implications of technological innovations,financial inclusion,and renewable energy in diminishing ecological footprints levels in emerging economies

The correlation between technological innovation,economic growth,renewable energy,and ecological footprint carries significant policy implications for environmental sustainability.Furthermore,financial inclusion can drastically affect the technology-climate nexus across different countries and its moderating impacts have received sufficient attention.To do this,this study examined how technological innovation,financial inclusion,economic growth,and renewable energy affected emerging economies’ecological footprint from 1990 to 2019.Additionally,this study also scrutinizes the moderating role of financial inclusion with other regressors on ecological footprint.To account for structural shifts,disguised cointegration,and numerous breaks in panel regression,this study applies advanced panel estimation methods for empirical analysis.The estimated outcomes exhibit that the influence of technical innovation,climate technologies,and renewable energy significantly reduces the ecological footprint levels.Besides,economic growth and financial inclusion significantly increase the ecological footprint levels in the emerging economies.Furthermore,the integration of innovative technology and renewable energy in emerging countries mitigates the adverse effects of financial inclusion by making it easier for creative technologies and reducing ecological footprints.These results show that emerging countries’innovative technology and renewable energy sources should be integrated with financial inclusion to enable longterm mitigation of environmental damages and sustainable growth.Based on these estimated findings,the research recommends that emerging economies should hasten technological innovations along with stronger financial development to curtail ecological concerns without hindering the pace of sustainable economic growth.