Comparison between Decolorization Effects of Activated Carbon and Macroporous Resin on Periplaneta americana L. Skimmed Cream

[Objective] The aim of this study was to investigate the decolorization ef- fects of activated carbon and macroporous resin on Periplaneta americana L. skimmed cream and compare the advantages and disadvantages of the two decolorization technologies. [Method] Periplaneta americana L. skimmed cream was decolored with activated carbon and macroporous resin, and freeze-dried to collect solid decolorization products. By investigating the yield, decolorization rate, protein retention rate and decolorization operation process, the advantages and disadvantages of the two decolorization technologies were compared. [Result] Both activated carbon and macroporous resin can be used for decolorization. To be specific, macroporous resin-decolorization is superior in the yield and protein retention rate, while activated carbon-decolorization is superior in decolorization rate and decolorization operation process. [Conclusion] Macroporous resin-decolorization can be used if protein is the main ingredient required in the experiment, while activated carbon-decolorization can be used if protein is not the main ingredient required.

Synergy of adsorption and visible light photocatalysis to decolor methyl orange by activated carbon/nanosized CdS/chitosan composite

Activated carbon/nanosized CdS/chitosan(AC/n-CdS/CS) composites as adsorbent and photoactive catalyst were prepared under low temperature(≤60 ℃) and ambient pressure.Methyl orange(MO) was chosen as a model pollutant to evaluate synergistic effect of adsorption and photocatalytic decolorization by this innovative photocatalyst under visible light irradiation.Effects of various parameters such as catalyst amount,initial MO concentration,solution pH and reuse of catalyst on the decolorization of MO were investigated to optimize operational conditions.The decolorization of MO catalyzed by AC/n-CdS/CS fits the Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetics model,and a surface reaction,where the dyes are absorbed,is the controlling step of the process.Decolorization efficiency of MO is improved with the increase in catalyst amount within a certain range.The photodecolorization of MO is more efficient in acidic media than alkaline media.The decolorization efficiency of MO is still higher than 84% after five cycles and 60 min under visible light irradiation,which confirms the reusability of AC/n-CdS/CS composite catalyst.

Quantitative structure-activity relationship study on the biodegradation of acid dyestuffs

Quantitative structure-biodegradability relationships （QSBRs） were established to develop predictive models and mechanistic explanations for acid dyestuffs as well as biological activities. With a total of four descriptors, molecular weight （MW）, energies of the highest occupied molecular orbital （EHOMO）, the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital （ELUMO）, and the excited state （EES）, calculated using quantum chemical semi-empirical methodology, a series of models were analyzed between the dye biodegradability and each descriptor. Results showed that EHOMO and Mw were the dominant parameters controlling the biodegradability of acid dyes. A statistically robust QSBR model was developed for all studied dyes, with the combined application of EHOMO and Mw. The calculated biodegradations fitted well with the experimental data monitored in a facultative-aerobic process, indicative of the reliable prediction and mechanistic character of the developed model.

不同脱色方法对三七多糖物理性质及体外抗氧化活性的影响

本文考察了活性炭脱色法和树脂脱色法对三七多糖(Panax notoginseng polysaccharide,PNP)的脱色效果、物理性质及其体外抗氧化活性的影响。以综合评分为评价指标,通过单因素实验考察活性炭用量、温度、时间,在单因素实验基础上采用正交实验优化脱色条件;通过静态吸附实验,从6种树脂中筛选最佳脱色树脂,随后通过单因素实验考察其上样量、脱色时间、转速对综合评分的影响,在单因素实验基础上采用正交实验优化脱色条件。通过溶解度、粒径、差示扫描量热分析、傅立叶变换红外光谱分析、pH值、相对分子质量及其大小分析比较未脱色的三七多糖(Unbleached Panax notoginseng polysaccharide,UPNP)、活性炭脱色法制备的PNP(Panax notoginseng polysaccharide prepared by activated carbon decolorization,PNPC)及D285树脂脱色法制备的PNP(Panax notoginseng polysaccharide prepared by D285 resin decolorization,PNPD)的物理性质;并比较三者对DPPH、ABTS^(+)自由基清除率、金属离子螯合能力。结果表明活性炭脱色的综合评分为78.00%;D285为最佳脱色树脂,综合评分为71.00%。与UPNP、PNPC相比较,PNPD溶解度低,在水溶液中粒径分布不均匀、稳定性较差,pH值增大、相对分子质量较大,体外抗氧化活性低。推测由于D285树脂离子交换过程中产生的强碱性环境,导致PNP糖苷键水解所致。不同脱色方法会对PNP物理性质、体外抗氧化活性产生影响。

苏氨酸二次母液的脱色工艺优化

以苏氨酸二次母液为研究对象,采用氨基酸分析仪对母液中的氨基酸进行定量分析。结果表明,苏氨酸质量浓度为7.82 g/100 mL。以苏氨酸二次母液脱色率和苏氨酸损失率为评价指标,通过对比活性炭、大孔吸附树脂、阴、阳离子交换树脂共9种脱色剂对苏氨酸二次母液的脱色效果,确定最佳脱色剂种类,并通过设计单因素试验与响应面试验对苏氨酸二次母液的脱色工艺进行优化。结果表明,粉末活性炭对苏氨酸二次母液的脱色效果优于其他脱色剂,选用粉末活性炭作为苏氨酸二次母液的脱色剂;通过响应面优化,得到最佳脱色工艺条件为自然pH值、脱色温度35℃、脱色时间40 min、活性炭添加量25%,在此条件下,得到的苏氨酸二次母液脱色率为97.69%,苏氨酸损失率为5.02%。

壳聚糖-甘蔗渣活性炭复合材料的制备及在糖汁清净中的应用

以甘蔗渣生物质为原料制备了甘蔗渣活性炭,并将其与壳聚糖交联复合,得到了壳聚糖-甘蔗渣活性炭,然后应用于糖汁脱色,考察了材料用量、吸附温度、脱色时间和pH对脱色效果的影响。结果表明,KOH的浓度为20%、活化温度为700℃时,甘蔗渣活性炭的吸附性能最好,当甘蔗渣活性炭的用量为0.10 g、吸附温度为50℃、脱色时间为60 min、pH为5.0时,糖汁脱色率最高,达到84.35%;当壳聚糖-甘蔗渣活性炭的用量为0.15 g、吸附温度为70℃、脱色时间为60 min、pH为6.0时,糖汁脱色率最高,达到97.12%。

聚醚废浓缩液絮凝上清液脱色工艺研究

本文研究了双氧水氧化、活性炭吸附和二者组合对絮凝上清液脱色的影响。结果表明,双氧水氧化脱色率可以达到88.74%但脱色液随时间延长会有沉淀析出。凹凸棒土、白土、活性炭三种吸附剂脱色效果不理想,活性炭的脱色率可以达到30.69%,脱色上清液没有沉淀析出。双氧水氧化和活性炭吸附组合效果更好,脱色率可以达到94.52%且脱色上清液没有沉淀析出。脱色后的上清液可以作为水基切削液的原料使用。

L-缬氨酸发酵液活性炭脱色工艺优化研究

该文对经大肠杆菌发酵得到L-缬氨酸发酵液进行初步膜过滤,后使用活性炭进行脱色,以脱色率和L-缬氨酸保留率评价脱色效果。考察了4种不同型号的活性炭对L-缬氨酸的脱色效果,实验表明,选择元力HPC-07活性炭为L-缬氨酸脱色活性炭,脱色条件为活性炭用量2%、脱色温度65℃、发酵液pH 5.5、脱色时间30min。发酵液颜色由棕黄色变为澄清无色,且L-缬氨酸保留率高于98.0%,上述研究为企业生产高质量L-缬氨酸提供数据参考。

辣椒油树脂脱色工艺的研究

为了改善辣椒油树脂产品品质和扩大其使用范围,采用磁性活性炭为吸附剂,对工业生产辣椒红的副产物辣椒油树脂进行脱色研究。采用共沉淀法制备了磁性活性炭,并采用XRD、SEM和比表面积及孔径分析仪等手段对其结构与性能进行了表征与测试。考察了磁性活性炭用量、脱色温度、脱色时间对辣椒油树脂脱色效果的影响。试验结果表明,以10 g/L辣椒油树脂的乙醇溶液为原料,当磁性活性炭的添加量为0.08 g,吸附温度为40℃,吸附时间为90 min时,辣椒油树脂的脱色率达75%,吸附脱色后辣椒油树脂中辣椒素含量保留95%左右。磁性活性炭制备简单,固液分离效率高,为辣椒油树脂的脱色工艺研究提供新思路。

连续脱色工艺在乳酸生产中的应用

为了解决粗乳酸间歇分批次脱色工艺脱色效果不佳且能耗较高的问题,介绍了一种新的粗乳酸连续脱色工艺流程及工艺装置组成,并利用连续脱色工艺装置进行粗乳酸脱色实验。经过多次实验验证,确定了粗乳酸连续脱色的最佳工艺条件:活性炭溶液配比为m(粉末活性炭)∶m(粗乳酸)=1∶10,活性炭溶液添加量为5%,脱色时间为2~3 h,脱色温度为70℃。对比实验结果表明:粗乳酸连续脱色工艺的脱色效果较好,可以降低粉末活性炭和蒸汽消耗,降低生产成本,满足生产系统稳定运行要求。

水煤气DSH脱硫废液活性炭脱色研究

煤焦化产生的焦炉煤气、煤气化产生的合成气中的硫化氢气体有很强的毒性和腐蚀性,在利用焦炉煤气和合成气前,需要脱除硫化氢。脱硫过程中产生的副盐可提取出来作为产品销售,脱盐后的脱硫废液又可返回脱硫系统循环使用。为提高产品品质,在提盐之前须通过预处理去除其中悬浮物、焦油、催化剂及其他杂质。活性炭脱色是常用预处理方法。为优化活性炭脱色条件,本研究系统考察了活性炭种类、活性炭用量、温度、时间对DSH脱硫废液脱色效果的影响规律。结果表明,最佳活性炭为碘值900的煤制活性炭(200目过筛),最佳活性炭用量为20g(相对于200mL脱硫液),最佳脱色温度为80℃,适宜脱色时间为60min+30min。

热压法制备MIL-100(Fe)/ACF复合材料及其对染料的光催化脱色

以七水合硫酸亚铁为金属盐,均苯三甲酸(H3BTC)为配体,活性炭纤维(ACF)为基材,采用热压法制备了MIL-100(Fe)/ACF复合材料。以活性黑KN-R染料为脱色对象,通过正交试验优化了MIL-100(Fe)/ACF复合材料的制备工艺:七水合硫酸亚铁与H3BTC的物质的量之比为1.5∶1、热压温度为150℃、热压时间为40 min。利用SEM、FT-IR、XRD表征手段,证明MIL-100(Fe)成功负载到ACF上。研究了复合材料在不同条件下对染料的脱色性能,结果表明:随着染液中H2O2添加量的增加,脱色率提高,但当H2O2加入量超过0.16 mL/L后,脱色率变化不大。复合材料对不同染料的脱色效果不同,对活性黑KN-B和罗丹明B的脱色率超过96.0%,对活性红3BS的脱色率达到90.0%以上,对活性艳蓝KN-R的脱色率仅为65.6%。重复使用4次后,对活性黑KN-B染液的脱色率为75.4%。

色酚废水处理新方法

色酚是常用红色偶氮颜料的偶合组分,在其生产过程中会产生大量的高COD、高色度的含磷废水。本文通过酸析结合络合萃取,活性炭吸附脱色工艺除去色酚AS废水中的有机物,并对每一步废水的COD分析,计算了COD去除率。然后对活性炭吸附过滤后的废水进行蒸发浓缩,得到了符合行业标准合格品的白色亚磷酸固体。实验结果表明:酸析、络合萃取加活性炭吸附脱色工艺能够达到分离色酚废水中有机物和水的目的,蒸发浓缩得到的亚磷酸的质量符合行业标准,该废水处理方法接近绿色,适合工业化生产。

活性炭纤维布在精制磷酸脱色的应用

在湿法磷酸生产的42%~48%的磷酸提纯精制磷酸时,还需要对萃取出的75%磷酸进行脱色处理。一般采用活性炭颗粒、树脂、双氧水对磷酸进行脱色,活性纤维布在磷酸脱色中应用较少。活性炭纤维布是一种由含碳材料制成的、外观呈黑色、内部孔隙结构发达、比表面积大、吸附能力强的一类微晶质碳素材料。随着活性炭纤维布制造业发展,活性纤维布在磷酸脱色中应用具有很好的前景。

响应面法优选穿心莲多糖大孔树脂脱色工艺及其抗氧化活性研究

为了明确大孔树脂脱除穿心莲多糖中色素的工艺参数,研究大孔树脂添加量、脱色时间以及脱色温度对穿心莲多糖脱色效果的影响,采用响应面法优选大孔树脂脱除穿心莲多糖色素的工艺,并探究穿心莲多糖的体外抗氧化活性。结果表明,穿心莲多糖大孔树脂最佳脱色工艺为大孔树脂添加量3.0g/100mL多糖溶液,脱色温度50℃,脱色2.0h,脱色1次。基于该工艺条件,穿心莲多糖色素去除率可达81.35%,多糖保留率73.16%,穿心莲多糖色素去除率和多糖保留率的加权综合评分77.25,表明该穿心莲多糖大孔树脂脱色工艺稳定,可用于穿心莲多糖中色素脱除的生产实际。抗氧化试验结果表明,穿心莲多糖对·OH自由基有较好的清除作用,其具有一定的抗氧化活性。

Role of the surface chemistry of activated carbons in dye removal from aqueous solution

Commercial activated carbons were modified by a series of chemical or physical treatments using H202, NH3, and heating under N2 flow without notably changing their pore structures. The resultant carbons were characterized by N2 adsorption and Bohem titration and then used to remove Ponceau 4R, methyl orange and brilliant blue from aqueous solutions. Surface chemistry was found to play a signifi- cantly different role in removing these three compounds. The removal of anionic Ponceau 4R increases with increasing carbon surface ba- sicity due to the predominant dispersive interaction mechanism. In contrast, surface chemistry has little effect on the removal of anionic methyl orange, which can be explained by two parallel mechanisms involving electrostatic and dispersive interactions due to the basic amine group in a dye molecule. The influence of surface chemistry on the removal of amphoteric brilliant blue dye can also be ignored due to a weak interaction between the carbons and dye molecules, which is resulted from strong cohesive energy from electrostatic forces inside amphoteric dye molecules.

Bleaching with the Mixed Adsorbents of Activated Earth and Activated Alumina to Reduce Color and Oxidation Products of Anchovy Oil

Fish oil is a rich source of polyunsaturated fatty acids,and its refinement has drawn attention for years.An appropriate adsorbent can effectively remove the pigment impurities in the fish oil.This study evaluated the impact of different absorbents on the reduction of oxidation products and color of anchovy oil during the decolorization under high vacuum.Using the single factor design,four process parameters including adsorbents type,adsorbent amount,temperature and time were tested to determine the optimum decolorization parameter.The results showed the optimum decolorization conditions were that the fish oil was treated with 8%acti-vated alumina at 80℃for 40 min.In the central group experiment,the addition amounts of mixed absorbents(activated earth and activated alumina),including the mass ratio of adsorbent in oil(5%-11%,w/w)and the mass ratio of activated earth in total absor-bent(20%-80%,w/w)were optimized to remove the oxidation products.Under the optimum condition at 10.18%of adsorbent and 70%of activated earth,the total oxidation value(TOTOX value)showed the minimum with the 44.4%of removal rate.Eight metal elements were analyzed in decolorized oil using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS).The removal rates of Zn and Pb were 94.12%and 55.35%,respectively.The decolorization process using mixed absorbents under appropriate condition can significantly reduce the oxidation products and pigments in fish oil,which will benefit the industrial production of fish oil.

The Comparison of Amaranth Decolorization Ability for Two Types of Biological Consortia

The two types of biological consortia--real activated sludge and laboratory adapted consortium were immobilized in polyethylene oxide cryogels. Their potential to decolorize the anionic azo dye amaranth in sequencing batch biofilters was studied. At a growing concentration of azo dye （20 mg·L^-1, 25 mg·L^-1, 30 mg·L^-1） the biofilters had a mean feeding rate of 30.32 ± 25.78 mL^-1·h^-1 and 13.76 ：t： 8.33 mL^-1·h^-1, respectively for immobilized adapted consortia （AC） and activated sludge （AS）. The AC-biofilter reached an overall decolorization rate of 0.211 ± 0.14 mg dye.mLLh1 and a decolorization effectiveness of 60.28 ：t： 32.42%. In contrast, the mean values for overall decolorization rate and effectiveness in AS-biofilter were 0.249 ± 0.16 mg dye.mL^-1·h^-1 and 82.48± 14.41%. The system with immobilized activated sludge had more stable process dynamics and higher tolerance to shock azo dye loading in the first stage of the process. The immobilized adapted consortium presented a good ability to adequate response at higher azo dye concentrations and loading.

活性炭脱色对油茶籽油酸价和过氧化值的影响

以油茶Camellia olelfera籽油为研究对象,活性炭为脱色原料,采用水浴恒温混合振荡法对油茶籽油色泽进行脱除,并探讨了脱色温度、时间及活性炭和油茶籽油配比对油茶籽油脱色程度和酸价、过氧化值的影响。结果表明,脱色时间是影响油茶籽油脱色程度、酸价和过氧化值的主要因素,最佳脱色时间为20 min;脱色温度是影响油茶籽油脱色、降低酸价和过氧化值效率的主要因素,最佳脱色温度为60℃;活性炭与植物油的配比是影响脱色极限、降低酸价和过氧化值极限的关键因素,最佳配比是20g·kg^(-1)。活性炭脱色工艺对油茶籽油的酸价和过氧化值有显著影响,随着油茶籽油色泽的降低,其酸价和过氧化值总体亦呈下降趋势,油茶籽油加工可通过调整脱色参数最大化地降低其酸价和过氧化值。

响应面法优化活性炭对附子多糖的脱色工艺及抗氧化性研究

采用响应面分析法优化活性炭对附子多糖的脱色工艺,并测定了脱色后的附子多糖的抗氧化性。根据前期的单因素实验结果,以活性炭的用量、脱色的温度和脱色的时间为自变量,脱色率为响应值,利用Box-Benhnken中心组合实验并结合响应面分析法,优化附子多糖的脱色工艺,并通过测定DPPH自由基和羟基自由基的清除率,来评价脱色后的附子多糖的抗氧化性。结果表明,附子多糖的最佳脱色工艺条件为:活性炭用量为1.4%(m/m),脱色温度60℃,脱色时间52min,在此条件下,附子多糖的平均脱色率为84.99%,与预测值(85.22%)接近;附子多糖的质量浓度为0.018~0.090 mg·mL^(-1)时,对DPPH·和·OH的清除率,最大分别为85.54%和72.64%。