Optimization of Enzymatic Extraction Process of Polysaccharides from Pseudostellaria heterophylla Fibrous Roots by Response Surface Methodology and Its Pilot Application

[Objectives]To study and optimize the process conditions of enzymatic hydrolysis technology for extracting polysaccharides from Pseudostellaria heterophylla fibrous roots and its application in workshop pilot tests.[Methods]P.heterophylla fibrous roots were taken as the matrix material,and Box Behnken design was used to analyze the extraction time,composite enzyme addition amount,and liquid-solid ratio for response surface optimization experiments,and then applied to the pilot extraction of P.heterophylla fibrous roots.[Results]Response surface analysis showed that all factors had a significant impact on the experimental indicators.The optimal extraction process conditions for polysaccharides from P.heterophylla fibrous roots were extraction time of 2.7 h,compound enzyme addition of 2.5%,and liquid-solid ratio of 32.The yield of polysaccharides from P.heterophylla fibrous roots was 4.83%.The water extraction process of P.heterophylla fibrous roots extraction pilot was used as the control group for response surface optimization of the pilot experiment.The optimization results showed that the extraction time was 3 h,the amount of composite enzyme added was 2.5%,and the liquid-solid ratio was 28.The polysaccharide yield was 4.75%,an increase of 4.63%compared to the control group.[Conclusions]This paper could provide feasibility for the innovation of enzy-matic hydrolysis technology for P.heterophylla fibrous roots and its workshop pilot practice application,as well as a reference for the industrial application of its medicinal resources.

Ultrasound-assisted Enzymatic Extraction of SDF on Passion Fruit Seeds

Ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction of soluble dietary fiber(SDF) from passion fruit seeds was carried out in order to shorten the extraction time and increase the yield of SDF. The effects of cellulase concentration, ultrasonic power, extraction temperature, solid-liquid ratio and water bath time on the SDF yield of passion fruit were studied by single factor analysis. And the orthogonal experiment was designed to optimize the extraction conditions. The results showed that the optimum conditions for the extraction of SDF from passion fruit by ultrasoundassisted enzymatic method were cellulase concentration 1.5%, ultrasonic power 120 W, solid-liquid ratio(g/mL) 1 ∶ 15, extraction temperature 55 ℃, and water bath time 160 min. The SDF extraction rate was determined to be 5.12%.

Ultrasound-Assisted Aqueous Enzymatic Extraction of Oil from Perilla(Perilla frutescens L.)Seeds

In the present study the effects of ultrasonic pretreatment and the types of enzyme on oil yield were investigated.The optimum ultrasonic pretreatment parameters were found to be 250 W of ultrasonic power,30 min of ultrasonic time,and 50℃of ultrasonic temperature.Five types of enzyme,Cellulase,Viscozyme L,Alcalase 2.4L,Protex 6L,and Protex 7L,were evaluated for their effectiveness in releasing oil from ultrasonic pretreated perilla seeds.The highest oil yield of 81.74%was observed in cellulase treated perilla seed samples.The physicochemical properties of the control,hexane,and enzyme extracted perilla seed oils were compared.No significant(P>0.05)differences were observed in iodine value,refractive index,unsaponifiable matter,saponification value,peroxide value,and acid value.

Effect of enzymatic extraction conditions on the yield and the polymerization degree of procyanidins

Grape seeds are rich sources of procyanidin(PCs)known for potential health benefi ts.In this study,PCs were extracted from defatted grape seeds by enzymatic method in which pectinase and cellulase were used.The enzyme extraction process was further optimized by single factor experiment and response surface methodology.The optimal conditions were as follows:ethanol concentration of 70%,extraction time of 70 min,extraction temperature of 35℃,liquid/solid ratio of 103:1(mL/g),pectinase/cellulase ratio of 1:1,enzyme/solid ratio of 1:314 w/w.Under the above conditions,the extraction yields and mean degree of polymerisation(mDP)of PCs reached 47.18 mg/g dry material weight and 11.2,respectively.Compared with other extraction methods,enzyme extraction can obtain PCs with higher yield and lower mDP.According to the antioxidant activity test,PCs extracts with lower mDP showed better ability to clear 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical(DPPH).Enzymatic extraction was an effi cient method to obtain oligomeric procyanidin which has stronger antioxidant activity.

Simplex - Centroid Mixture Design Applied to theAqueous Enzymatic Extraction of Fatty Acid - BalancedOil from Mixed Seeds

A one-step method was developed to extract oil from a mixture of soybeans,peanuts,linseeds,and tea seeds using an aqueous enzymatic method.The proportion of the four seeds was targeted in accordance with a fatty acid ratio of 0.27(SFA,saturated fatty acid(s))∶1(MUFA,monounsaturated fatty acid(s))∶1(PUFA,polyunsaturated fatty acid(s)),and the oil extraction yield was maximized by applying the simplex-centroid mixture design method.Three models were developed for describing the relationship between the proportion of the individual seeds in the mixture,the fatty acid ratio in the extracted oil,and the oil extraction yield,respectively.The developed models were then analyzed using an ANOVA and were found to fit the data quite well,with R2 values of 0.98,0.93,and 0.93,respectively.The three models were validated experimentally.The results indicated that the ratio of fatty acids in the oil ranged between 0.98 and 1.12(MUFA∶PUFA)and between 0.26 and 0.28(SFA∶MUFA),which were quite close to the target values of 1 and 0.27,respectively.The oil extraction yield of 62.13%was slightly higher than the predicted value(60.32%).

Extraction process of chlorogenic acid in flos lonicerae by enzymatic treatment

A new method of extracting chlorogenic acid from flos lonicerae, and treating the materials with enzyme before being extracted by ethanol is developed, and the optimum conditions are also investigated in detail. Three important factors, enzyme dosage, treatment time and treatment temperature are adapted to optimize the extraction process. The experimental results show that the extract yield of flos lonicerae and chlorogenic acid can be obviously increased by the cellulase treatment, 61.5 mg chlorogenic acid is obtained from 1.00 g flos lonicerae at most. The optimal temperature of enzymatic treatment is 40 50 ℃. Compared with the use of single cellulase, the combined treatment of cellulase and pectinase increase the extract yield obviously but fail to improve that of chlorogenic acid.

Enzymatic Aqueous Extraction of Soybean Oil

The procedure of enzymatic aqueous extraction of soybean oil was assessed when two-step controlled enzymatic hydrolysis was applied. With aqueous extraction of soybean oil-containing protein, the highest yield of oil was 96.1% at the optimized conditions studied. Soybean oil-containing protein was hydrolyzed and resulted in releasing part of oil. The separated protein that contained 40% oil was enriched due to its adsorption capacity of released oil, the average oil extraction yeild reached 93.5%. Then the high oil content protein was hydrolyzed again to release oil by enzyme, the oil extraction yeild was 80.4%. As a result, high quality of soybean oil was obtained and the content of total oil yield was 74.4%.

Extraction Hydrolysates from Larimichthys Polyactis Swim Bladder Using Enzymatic Hydrolysis

As a kind of biopolymer,hydrolysates of fish swim bladder,safer than those of land mammals,are widely used in food,cosmetics as well as pharmaceutical and biomedical fields for their biocompatibility,biodegradability,and weak antigenicity.To enhance hydrolysate production,in this paper,the papain and alcalase hydrolysis processes of larimichthys polyactis swim bladder were optimized with orthogonal experiments.With 89.5%hydrolysate yield,the optimal processing conditions for alcalase were solid-liquid ratio of 1:30,enzyme concentration of 0.7%,and extraction time of 6 h.As for papain,under the optimal processing conditions:solid-liquid ratio of 1:20,enzyme concentration of 0.5%,and extraction time of 8 h,the hydrolysate yield was 65.1%.To obtain higher hydrolysate yields,the ultrasonic pretreatments were implemented before the optimal enzyme hydrolysis processes.With ultrasonic waves of 100 W for 50 min,the hydrolysate yields were increased 2.1%(alcalase)and 4.5%(papain),respectively.The Fourier Transform Infrared(FTIR)spectroscopic analysis revealed that the hydrolysates extracted by papain exist in triple-helical forms.The Ultra-Violet(UV)absorption spectra indicated that the aromatic amino acids in the hydrolysates had strong absorptions in the wavelength range of 240 nm–300 nm.The results of this research demonstrate that the alcalase hydrolysates have better solubility in water and the solution is more stable under ambient temperature.However,the hydrolysates extracted by papain have a gel property and are insoluble in weak acid at room temperature,which is more suitable for applications in feedstock of biomedical.

Research on Technology Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine Extraction Based on Patent Information

Objective To understand the development status of traditional Chinese medicine extraction technology,so as to provide a reference for enterprises and scientific research institutions to determine the direction of technological innovation.Besides,the government can formulate scientific and technological innovation strategies.Methods Based on patent information,statistical methods were applied to analyze the development of traditional Chinese medicine extraction technology.Then,the core technology was identified by constructing a patent citation network.Finally,the main path analysis method was applied to discover the technological evolution path.Results and Conclusion The extraction technology of traditional Chinese medicine is still in the growth stage.At present,its R&D is based on enterprises,supplemented by scientific research institutions.The core technologies are ultrasonic extraction and enzymatic extraction.The main path represented by enzymatic extraction technology reveals the evolution process of traditional Chinese medicine extraction technology.Based on this,relevant suggestions are put forward.Firstly,technological innovation cooperation should be strengthened to explore new models of achievement transformation and cooperation.Secondly,key enterprises of technology clusters should be cultivated to accelerate breakthroughs in core technologies.Thirdly,combined technologies can achieve high-efficiency enzyme-assisted extraction and open up new ways of extracting traditional Chinese medicine.Fourthly,traditional techniques should be improved to develop innovative modern techniques.

Polyphenols extracted from Aronia melanocarpa by combined enzymatic and ultrasonication and their antioxidant potential and antimicrobial activity

The extraction of polyphenols from Aronia melanocarpa was carried out using a combination of enzymatic and ultrasound.After single-factor and orthogonal design and experiment,the optimized polyphenol extraction conditions were 1%enzyme,1:40 material-to-liquid ratio,55℃,60 min ultrasonication,70%ethanol,and the final extraction amount was 88.634 mg/g,which displayed a 25.15%and 34.08%improvement compared with the single ultrasonication and enzymatic extraction methods,respectively.Significant antibacterial effects of polyphenols were shown against Staphylococcus aureus,Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis.Further antioxidation effects were evaluated,and the superoxide anion radical scavenging rate,hydroxyl radical scavenging rate and DPPH free radical scavenging rate reached 45.2%,83.5%and 85.4%,respectively.This combined enzymatic and ultrasonic extraction method exhibited the advantages of high extraction rate,saving solvent consumption and extraction time,but also provided a new method for the development and utilization of natural antimicrobial and antioxidant health products.

松籽油水酶法提取及酶法破乳工艺研究

以压榨松籽饼粕为原料,利用水酶法提取松籽油,通过单因素及响应曲面试验研究松籽油提取工艺,并对提油过程中产生的乳状液进行破乳研究分析。结果表明,碱性蛋白酶酶解效果最佳,最优工艺为酶解时间2.5 h,温度56℃,pH值11.3,加酶量5045 U·g^(-1),此条件松籽油提油率为71.73%。经比较碱性蛋白酶添加量为3000 U·g^(-1)时破乳效果最好,破乳率为87.68%,在酶法破乳后进行酸化处理,通过调节pH值至5时破乳率提高至92.18%,此条件下松籽油得油率为70.36%。

超声辅助酶法提取玉米胚芽粕水解蛋白及其抗氧化活性

以玉米胚芽粕为原料,研究超声波辅助碱性蛋白酶提取玉米胚芽粕水解蛋白的工艺条件。通过单因素试验初步确定超声波辅助酶法提取玉米胚芽粕水解蛋白的条件,在单因素试验基础上进行正交试验设计,并测定其抗氧化活性。结果表明,最优提取条件为超声温度50℃、超声时间50 min、超声功率140 W,在此条件下,玉米胚芽粕的水解蛋白提取率为90.6%。对DPPH自由基和羟自由基的IC_(50)分别为17.56µg/mL和28.41µg/mL。

熵权-正交法优化赤苍藤中多糖、多酚和黄酮的提取工艺

优化赤苍藤中多糖、多酚和黄酮的提取工艺,为综合评价其质量提供参考。以赤苍藤茎为研究对象,采用酶解法,选取适宜的酶质量分数、酶解p H、酶解温度及酶解时间为考察因素,以多糖、多酚、黄酮和浸膏提取率为评价指标。基于熵权法客观赋权结合L_9(3~4)正交试验,优选赤苍藤的多指标提取工艺。最佳提取工艺条件为:酶质量分数4%,酶解p H值6.0,酶解温度50℃,酶解时间45 min。考察多指标后,确认优选的提取工艺稳定可行,可为赤苍藤的质量评价提供实验依据。

香荚兰浸膏的制备和酶促生香工艺优化

为探究香荚兰浸膏的酶促生香工艺,对香荚兰浸膏进行β-葡萄糖苷酶酶解并对酶解条件进行研究。以香荚兰豆荚为试材,采用乙醇为提取溶剂,索式提取法制备香荚兰浸膏。在单因素试验的基础上,采用正交试验优化酶促生香工艺,提取物中香兰素含量以高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测得。结果表明,最佳酶促生香工艺条件为:加酶量62.5 U/g,酶解温度35℃,酶解时间26 h,料液比1∶8(g/mL),该工艺条件下香荚兰浸膏中香兰素含量最高。上述结果表明酶促生香工艺可明显提高香荚兰浸膏中香兰素的含量,具有潜在的生产应用价值。

山楂多糖酶解法和水提法的工艺优化和比较

研究酶解法和水提法对山楂多糖提取率的影响,为进一步开发利用山楂多糖提供技术依据。分别对酶解法和水提法进行优化,选择最佳条件提取山楂多糖。结果表明,酶解法提取山楂多糖的最适条件为酶用量3‰、酶解温度50℃、酶解时间1.0 h、酶解pH=8、料液比1∶10,多糖提取率为11.72%;水提法提取山楂多糖的最适条件为提取次数3次、提取时间120 min、料液比1∶10,多糖提取率为9.47%。酶解法提取率高,优于水提法。结论:山楂中多糖含量较高,通过酶解法可进行高效提取,方法简便,实用性强。

超声辅助水酶法提取花生油脂工艺研究及油脂品质分析

为了实现花生油脂的高效提取和利用,采用超声辅助水酶法提取花生油脂,研究超声功率、作用时间、作用温度、料液比及酶用量对花生油脂提取率的影响,采用响应面试验优化提取工艺,并分析花生油脂的脂肪酸组成、酸价、过氧化值和抗氧化能力。结果表明:花生油脂的最优提取工艺条件为料液比1∶5 g/mL、纤维素酶用量1.0%、超声功率247 W、作用时间41 min、作用温度51℃,此条件下的油脂提取率为92.64%±0.73%;从提取的花生油脂中共检出8种脂肪酸,其中油酸含量最高,为40.44%±0.57%,亚油酸含量为36.97%±0.05%;花生油脂的酸价为(0.38±0.04)mg/g,过氧化值为(0.15±0.00)g/100 g,DPPH和ABTS自由基清除率分别为64.82%±2.51%、82.56%±6.47%。超声辅助水酶法有效缩短了提取时间,降低了酶用量,并且制备的花生油脂中不饱和脂肪酸含量高,具有良好的抗氧化能力。

酶法提取竹虫蛋白的工艺优化及其性质

为提高竹虫利用率,以竹虫为原料,考察不同酶、pH值、提取温度、提取时间、液料比、加酶量对竹虫蛋白提取率的影响,通过响应面试验优化提取工艺,并测定竹虫蛋白的功能特性。结果表明:采用胃蛋白酶酶解,pH2.0、提取温度40℃、提取时间2.0 h、液料比12.5∶1(mL/g)、加酶量1.0%时提取工艺最佳,此时竹虫蛋白提取率为21.00%。竹虫蛋白对DPPH·、ABTS^(+)·清除率的IC_(50)分别为0.43 mg/mL和0.66 mg/mL,其起泡性、乳化性和乳化稳定性良好。

鲨鱼软骨胶原蛋白的酶法制备及其稳定性研究

以鲨鱼软骨为原料,通过单因素实验和响应面试验优化酶法制备胶原蛋白的最佳工艺,并分析对胶原蛋白的结构和稳定性。结果表明,胶原蛋白提取的最佳条件为:胃蛋白酶添加量9150 U/g、提取时间39.85 h、pH 1.67及料液比1∶15(g/mL),此条件下胶原蛋白的提取率为(85.09±0.17)%,所制备的胶原蛋白保留了较为完整的三螺旋结构,符合Ⅱ型胶原蛋白的特征。稳定性研究表明其变性温度为39.9℃,黏度随温度和盐浓度的升高显著下降,而随pH值的不同呈先增后减再增加的趋势,以pH 7时黏度最小(4.26 mPa·s)。圆二色谱分析表明,随盐浓度和温度的增加,胶原蛋白的三螺旋结构发生改变,当温度超过变性温度时(39.9℃),三螺旋结构逐渐解旋且变性。本研究为鲨鱼资源的高值化利用提供了理论依据。

黄芩茎叶葡萄糖醛酸水解酶提取工艺、酶学性质、实际应用研究

目的研究黄芩茎叶葡萄糖醛酸水解酶(sbslGUS)提取工艺、酶学性质、实际应用。方法在单因素试验基础上,以粒度、加水量、提取时间、提取次数为影响因素,酶活性为评价指标,正交试验优化提取工艺。分析底物(黄芩苷)浓度与酶解速度的关系,计算V_(max)、K_(m),考察pH值、温度、金属离子对酶活性的影响,评价pH稳定性、热稳定性。sbslGUS酶解黄芩苷以制备黄芩素,考察pH值、温度、反应时间、底物初始浓度、加酶量对转化率的影响。结果最优提取工艺为粒度40目,加水量10倍,提取时间15 min,提取次数3次。酶解符合酶促反应动力学,K_(m)为0.0063 mol/L,V_(max)为70.42μmol/h,在pH值6.0、温度45℃、金属离子100 mmol/L Cu2+下酶活性最强,sbslGUS在pH值4.0~7.0、温度4~30℃范围内稳定性良好。最优制备工艺为pH值6.0,温度45℃,反应时间12 h以上,底物初始浓度67.2 mmol/L,加酶量1 mL/0.269 mmol黄芩苷,转化率为97.83%。结论sbslGUS酶解效率高,条件温和,可为获取黄芩素提供简便的制备方法,并且拓展了黄芩茎叶应用途径。

物理场耦合水酶法同步释放植物油和蛋白的研究进展

水酶法同步释放油和蛋白是一种新兴的提取技术,绿色清洁、能满足可持续发展的社会要求,物理场和水酶法耦合作用可促进油和蛋白的释放,逐渐成为研究热点。该文综述了物理耦合水酶法的技术原理和优势、同步释放油和蛋白的研究进展,同时综述了该技术对油料中蛋白特性的影响,并对目前存在的问题以及未来的发展进行了展望。