Fault Geometry and Departure of Precursors From the Epicenter

Different tectonic elements may play different roles and their deformation styles and types of anomalies are also different in the process of deformation.Such differences may be the cause of the phenomena of the departure from the region with obvious anomalies from the coming epicenter,which are called "departure of precursors from epicenter." From some new experimental and numerical modeling results,five types of deformation elements are identified according to their roles in the process of deformation in a region.They are the brake(or locked),slip,yield,sensitive,and valve elements.Spatial distribution of different elements,especially sensitive and slip elements,are discussed by taking the bend fault,extension,compression,and complex en-echelon faults as examples.These elements with different roles may overlap each other in some cases or be separated in other cases.It is obvious that for different fault geometry,the spatial layout of these elements is different and thus the position and style of

A METHOD FOR EPICENTER LOCATNG BY USING T WAVES

Two OBS arrays were deployed in the southern Okinawa Trough.Some of the OBS records revealedmany earthquakes with intensive T waves but ambiguous body waves.A new method using T waves for epicenter locating was developed that was found to be as precise as the body wave method for locatingepicenters when T waves are clearly recorded.

Study on the regional deviation of the mac-roscopic epicenters from relevant epicenters by rapid determination in Chinese mainland

The primary results have been obtained by the analyses on the deviation of macroscopic epicenters from relevant microscopic epicenters determined rapidly after the 139 earthquake events occunrred during 1989-2004. Further study has proved the normal distributions exist in both the east and west parts of Chinese mainland partitioned along meridian 105°E. The empirical two-dimensional normal distribution functions for the deviations are presented in the paper. The results are of significance in reducing uncertainty of losses assessment immediately after a destroyed earthquake.

Tectonic Interpretation of the Epicenter Distribution Map of China

The 1:6,000,000 Epicenter Distribution Map of China compiled by the Center for Analysis and Prediction,SSB,has given more than 100,000 epicenters of large and small earthquakes.The images composed of these dots contain plenty of information concerning the structures in the middle-upper crust.Using the so-called visual seismic line method,a tectonic interpretation of the epicenter distribution map of shallow focus earthquakes in China mainland is given in this paper,and the seismotectonic patterns and dynamic characteristics of the Tianshan,AIxa-Qilianshan and Qinghai-Xizang(Tibet)seismic belts,the S-N central axis belt as well as Northeast China,North China,the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the southeast coastal areas are analyzed and interpreted.

Sketch of Epicentral Distribution of Positive and Negative Earthquake and Its Application to the Response Ratio Theory

INTRODUCTION It is common knowledge that the development and occurrence of an earthquake is a very complicated geophysical process. An earthquake is caused by the local failure of the earth crust medium, and earthquakes are distributed inhomogeneously in space. Seismic activities, however, are a real reflection of the interaction of the faults, which provides us some information concerning the earth crust medium and may help us predict the earthquake. Therefore, the study of the seismicity pattern can become a means of earthquake prediction. In order to reflect directly the spacial distribution of seismic activities, the sketch of epicentral distribution has been widety used in the

打造数码印刷领域新航标——富士施乐epicenter高新技术体验中心正式启用

2005年3月2日．全球领先的文件处理专家——富士施乐宣布其倾力打造的epicenter高新技术体验中心在上海落成并正式启用。这是富士施乐斥巨资在亚太区4个城市共同打造的epicenter高新技术体验中心之一。epicenter高新技术体验中心的建立在业界创立了一种全新的服务模式．彰显了富士施乐为中国用户提供全球领先解决方案和优质服务的信心与决心。

Principles and Methods of Determining Epicenter Reference Place Name

Determining an epicenter reference place name (herein after to be referred as "DERPN") is a basic task,but is very important for standardizing the compilation of earthquake catalogues.However,there has been little studies on DERPN.This paper summarizes the development and issues surrounding DERPN and puts forward principles and methods of DERPN.

魏晋·说说地震活动性——漫步地震五千年(7)

谈及中国的地震活动性研究,必然涉及一位杰出的女科学家——梅世蓉。她没有院士的头衔,却是公认的、无人可替代的中国地震预报的领军者。本文以梅世蓉先生在地震活动性上的研究成果为代表,选择了3个方面加以介绍。南北地震带的提出促进了深浅构造研究的深入,龙日坝断裂带的发现具有重要的大地构造意义。分析了地震空区和震中迁移现象,给出了南北地震带与南亚地震带间的地震呼应震例,介绍了力学机制。直接前震和前兆震群的正确判断在地震预测上十分重要,简介了直接前震的特征,给出了中国大陆震群的分布。

基于ZigBee技术的CAFe无线温度监测系统设计

由于CAFe装置温度监测点需求众多,若采用有线监测方式会产生大量的信号传输线缆,加剧装置周围的布线繁杂程度并且会导致其他设备故障排除困难,因此需要采取无线化的温度监测方式。文中设计一套基于ZigBee技术的无线温度监测系统,主要由数据采集层、传输控制层和用户层组成。系统通过使用ZigBee无线数传电台E180-DTU模块将多个温度监测点拓扑成一个无线传感器网络,并由串口服务器接入EPICS控制网,使用StreamDevice设备支持开发IOC程序对网络中各节点温度进行获取与发布,最后通过上层客户端对温度监测数据进行全局实时显示与报警。通过设置不同的无线网络拓扑结构,该系统能够非常容易地应对不同规模的温度监测需求。目前该样机系统已用于加速器上RFQ和MEBT段的温度监测,并且扩展监测了设备机房的多个环境温度监测点位,具有一定的应用价值。

NFTHz加速器束流横向截面尺寸测量系统研制

针对太赫兹直线加速器,开发了基于EPICS分布式系统的横向截面尺寸测量系统。该系统采用束斑检测器完成束斑到光斑的转换,并通过远心镜头将光斑成像到CCD相机,完成对光斑图像的采集,之后基于ADAravis将相机采集的图像数据汇入到EPICS数据库。由于暗电流以及环境辐射的影响,在采集到的图像中会存在椒盐噪声,因此使用卷积神经网络(CNN)对图像中的椒盐噪声进行抑制,最后对图像进行高斯拟合计算出束流截面尺寸。实验结果表明,CNN可以有效地消除椒盐噪声,并且系统的分辨率达到15.8μm,满足系统设计要求。

“泰山震”的震中在郯庐断裂带安丘地区的证据

“泰山震”发生于公元前1831年,是中国史料记载的最早的历史地震。据《竹书纪年》记载:夏帝发七年(公元前1831年),当名为“发”的皇帝正在登泰山时,发生了一次强地震。因这次地震使皇帝受到了惊吓,因此,被名之为“泰山震”而首次记载下来。显然,名为“发”的皇帝受地震恐吓的地理位置是泰山坡麓。由于在泰山及其附近,地震地质学家一直未找到“泰山震”的地震地质记录。因此,“泰山震”的震中和震级一直是个谜。重新观察已发现的地震地质遗迹,结合一系列的测试、实验与剖析,本研究为“泰山震”是震中处在郯庐断裂带内安丘地区的强烈的历史地震提供了证据。首先,在距泰山以东约200 km远的郯庐断裂带安丘—夏庄盆地内的全新世湖沼相软土层中,存有震陷向斜与同震微断层等宏观的地震事件遗迹,它们记录的震中烈度Ⅸ度、震级达M7.0;二是借助于^(14)C同位素年龄测定结果,结合计算相关土层的沉积时间,而获得了极为接近公元前1831年的发震时间(公元前1827年);三是依据华北地震烈度衰减模型,计算出该地震在泰山的衰减烈度为Ⅵ度。中国地震烈度表显示,Ⅵ度烈度完全使人站立不稳或惊逃户外,这符合当年登山皇帝受地震惊恐的史料记录。

砒砂岩覆土区典型小流域土壤可蚀性K值空间变异特征

[目的]研究砒砂岩覆土区典型小流域土壤可蚀性的空间变异特征,为砒砂岩覆土区土壤侵蚀机理深入探究和土壤侵蚀有效防治提供科学依据。[方法]以内蒙古准格尔旗砒砂岩覆土区二老虎沟小流域为研究对象,采集0—10 cm和10—20 cm土层共144份土壤样品,基于EPIC模型估算土壤可蚀性K值,并利用GIS和地统计学方法分析土壤可蚀性K值空间变异特征。[结果](1)二老虎沟小流域土壤砂粒、粉粒、黏粒和有机碳均呈中等变异程度,除黏粒和有机碳为中等空间自相关性外,其他土壤属性均呈弱空间自相关性。(2)小流域土壤可蚀性K值介于0.018 7~0.047 6 t·hm^(2)·h/(hm^(2)·MJ·mm),0—10 cm和10—20 cm土层K值变异系数分别为15.5%和20.3%,属中等变异强度;0—10 cm土层K值主要受随机性因素影响,呈弱空间自相关性,而10—20 cm土层受随机性因素和结构性因素共同影响,为中等空间自相关性。(3) 3种克里格插值方法结果表明:小流域土壤可蚀性K值空间变异受海拔和坡度影响明显,其总体分布趋势为西部和东南部较高、中部及偏东部较低;普通克里格插值方法较适宜应用于砒砂岩覆土区小流域,其估算结果可较好地显示土壤可蚀性的整体和局部两方面的空间变异特征。(4)在垂直空间变异上,0—10 cm和10—20 cm土层土壤可蚀性K值总体分布规律相似,但10—20 cm土层土壤可蚀性K值较0—10 cm土层空间变异更为明显。[结论]海拔和坡度对砒砂岩覆土区典型小流域土壤可蚀性K值空间变异影响明显,未来应优先对坡面和坡顶区域进行土壤侵蚀防治。

根河地震台、海拉尔地震台面波震级偏差分析

选取海拉尔地震台、根河地震台均记录到的2022年MS≥5.5且波形清晰的156个地震事件,分别比较海拉尔地震台、根河地震台测定的面波震级MS与中国地震台网中心正式目录的面波震级MS之间的震级偏差,分析震级、震中距与面波震级偏差间的关系。结果表明,海拉尔地震台面波震级偏差较大,较中国地震台网中心正式目录的面波震级偏小约0.35级;根河地震台面波震级偏差较小,较中国地震台网中心正式目录的面波震级偏小0.01级。海拉尔地震台震级为6.6—7.0级时震级偏差最小,而根河地震台震级偏差随震级的增大而增大。2个台震级偏差均随震中距的增大而增大。

Epicenter and magnitude of large earthquake determined from high-rate GPS observations: A case study of the 2008 M8.0 Wenchuan earthquake

For earthquake and tsunami early warning and emergency response,the earthquake epicenter and magnitude should be determined rapidly and correctly.Using high-rate GPS observations,we can readily obtain precise and high resolution displacement time series and the seismic waveforms during the earthquake.In this paper,a new algorithm is proposed for estimating the earthquake epicenter and magnitude with the seismic waveforms derived from high-rate GPS data during the earthquake.A case study of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake is conducted from 1 Hz GPS data and the epicenter and magnitude are determined.Compared with the results issued by the China Seismological Bureau,the estimation error of the epicenter and the magnitude is about 12 km and 0.1 magnitude unit,respectively.It has shown that high-rate GPS could be a new tool feasible for estimating the earthquake epicenter and magnitude,independent of or combined with seismometers.

CSNS加速器服务器监控系统设计

在中国散裂中子源加速器中,设计了基于Zabbix的服务器监控系统。该系统使用Grafana整合展示关键运行信息,同时支持在异常时通过企业微信公众号推送报警消息,实现了技术人员对服务器及应用程序的管理,提高了故障处理的响应速度。

CSNS伴生质子束实验平台控制系统研制

中国散裂中子源(CSNS)伴生质子束实验平台是利用直线加速器伴生的弱流中能质子建设的质子辐照应用平台。使用国产PLC和控制器,研制了基于EPICS软件架构的控制系统。该控制系统主要由运动控制系统和真空控制系统两部分组成,实现了对伴生质子束实验平台主要设备的监测和控制,现场运行稳定可靠,很好地满足了伴生质子束实验平台的需要。

1624年“扬州地震”震中的新认识

公元1624年2月10日,即明代天启三年12月22日,在现今江苏省范围内发生了一次破坏性地震。在历次出版的地震目录中,扬州被确定为本次地震的震中,其主要依据为“扬州倒卸城垣三百八十余垛、城铺二十余处”的历史记述。《地震亘江南北疏》的发现为本次地震的研究提供了新的资料。本文分析已有资料的可靠性;选择相对可靠的历史资料划定Ⅵ度等烈度线;采用新划定的Ⅵ度等烈度线,按历史地震影响烈度的衰减关系确定本次地震的震级为61/4级;综合Ⅵ度等烈度线范围内的地震地质条件以及历史地震资料中人的感受、地表变形和各地地声方向记录,综合确定了震中位置大致在32.2°N、119.5°E,与1913年4月3日镇江51/2级地震(参考地名“江苏镇江”)震中相距不远。此外,本文还描述了本次地震的地震序列。