Bone morphogenetic protein-6 suppresses TGF-β_(2)-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in retinal pigment epithelium

AIM:To evaluate the effect of bone morphogenetic protein-6(BMP-6)on transforming growth factor(TGF)-β_(2)-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)in retinal pigment epithelium(RPE).METHODS:Adult retinal pigment epithelial cell line(ARPE-19)were randomly divided into control,TGF-β_(2)(5μg/L),and BMP-6 small interfering RNA(siRNA)group.The cell morphology was observed by microscopy,and the cell migration ability were detected by Transwell chamber.The EMT-related indexes and BMP-6 protein levels were detected by Western blotting.Furthermore,a BMP-6 overexpression plasmid was constructed and RPE cells were divided into the control group,TGF-β_(2)+empty plasmid group,BMP-6 overexpression group,and TGF-β_(2)+BMP-6 overexpression group.The EMT-related indexes and extracellular regulated protein kinases(ERK)protein levels were detected.RESULTS:Compared with the control group,the migration of RPE cells in the TGF-β_(2) group was significantly enhanced.TGF-β_(2) increased the protein expression levels ofα-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA),fibronectin and vimentin but significantly decreased the protein levels of E-cadherin and BMP-6(P<0.05)in RPE.Similarly,the migration of RPE cells in the BMP-6 siRNA group was also significantly enhanced.BMP-6 siRNA increased the protein expression levels ofα-SMA,fibronectin and vimentin but significantly decreased the protein expression levels of E-cadherin(P<0.05).Overexpression of BMP-6 inhibited the migration of RPE cells induced by TGF-β_(2) and prevented TGF-β_(2) from affecting EMT-related biomarkers(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:BMP-6 prevents the EMT in RPE cells induced by TGF-β_(2),which may provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of proliferative vitreoretinopathy.

Alterative Expression and Sequence of Human Elongation Factor-1δ during Malignant Transformation of Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells Induced by Cadmium Chloride

Objective To study the alternative expression and sequence of human elongation factor-1δ （human EF-1δ p31） during malignant transformation of human bronchial epithelial cells induced by cadmium chloride （CdCl2） and its possible mechanism. Methods Total RNA was isolated at different stages of transformed human bronchial epithelial cells （16HBE） induced by CdCl2 at a concentration of 5.0 μM. Special primers and probe for human EF-1δ p31 were designed and expression of human EF-18 mRNA from different cell lines was detected with fluorescent quantitative PCR technique. EF-18 cDNA from different cell lines was purified and cloned into pMD 18-T vector followed by confirming and sequencing analysis. Results The expressions of human EF-1δ p31 at different stages of 16HBE cells transformed by CdCl2 was elevated （P〈0.01 or P〈0.05）. Compared with their corresponding non-transformed ceils, the overexpression level of EF-15 p31 was averagely increased 2.9 folds in Cd-pretransformed cells, 4.3 folds in Cd-transformed ceils and 7.2 folds in Cd-tumorigenic cells. No change was found in the sequence of overexpressed EF-1δ p31 at different stages of 16HBE cells transformed by CdCl2. Conclusion Overexpression of human EF-1δ p31 is positively correlated with malignant transformation of 16HBE cells induced by CdCl2, but is not correlated with DNA mutations.

Alterations of FHIT Gene and P16 Gene in Nickel Transformed Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells

Objective To study the alterations of FHIT gene and P16 gene in malignant transformed human bronchial epithelial cells induced by crystalline nickel sulfide using an immortal human bronchial epithelial cell line, and to explore the molecular mechanism of nickel carcinogenesis. Methods 16HBE cells were treated 6 times with different concentrations of NiS in vitro, and the degree of malignant transformation was determined by assaying the anchorage-independent growth and tumorigenicity. Malignant transformed cells and tumorigenic cells were examined for alterations of FHIT gene and P16 gene using RT-PCR, DNA sequencing, silver staining PCR-SSCP and Western blotting. Results NiS-treated cells exhibited overlapping growth. Compared wkh that of negative control cells, soft agar colony formation efficiency of NiS-treated cells showed significant increases （P〈0.01） and dose-dependent effects. NiS-treated cells could form tumors in nude mice, and a squamous cell carcinoma was confirmed by histopathological examination. No mutation of exon 2 and exons 2-3, no abnormal expression in pl6 gene and mutation of FHIT exons 5-8 and exons 1-4 or exons 5-9 were observed in transformed cells and tumorigenic cells. However, aberrant transcripts or loss of expression of the FHIT gene and Fhit protein was observed in transformed cells and tumorigenic cells. One of the aberrant transcripts in the FHIT gene was confirmed to have a deletion of exon 6, exon 7, exon 8, and an insertion of a 36 bp sequence replacing exon 6-8. Conclusions The FHIT gene rather than the P16 gene, plays a definite role in nickel carcinogenesis. Alterations of the FHIT gene induced by crystalline NiS may be a molecular event associated with carcinogen, chromosome fragile site instability and cell malignant transformation. FHIT may be an important target gene activated by nickel and other exotic carcinogens.

Effects of transforming growth factor β2 and connective tissue growth factor on induction of epithelial mesenchymal transition and extracellular matrix synthesis in human lens epithelial cells

AIM:To Investigate the effects of transforming growth factorβ2(TGF-β2)and connective tissue growth factor(CTGF)on transdifferentiation of human lens epithelial cells(HLECs)cultured in vitro and synthesis of extracellular matrix(ECM).METHODS:HLECs were treated with TGF-β2(0,0.5,1.0,5,10μg/L)and CTGF(0,15,30,60,100μg/L)for different times(0,24,48,72h)in vitro and the expression ofα-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA),the main component of the extracellular matrix typeⅠcollagen(Col-1)and fibronectin(Fn)were measured by using real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR)and western-blot.RESULTS:TGF-β2 and CTGF significantly increased expression ofα-SMA mRNA and protein(P【0.05,P【0.001),Fn mRNA and protein(P【0.001),Col-1 mRNA and protein(P【0.001).TGF-β2 could induce HLECs expression of CTGF mRNA and protein in dosedependent manner(P【0.05,P【0.001).TGF-β2 and CTGF could induce HLECs to expressα-SMA,Fn and Col-1 in time-dependent manner.Each time of TGF-β2and CTGF induced HELCs expression ofα-SMA,Fn,Col-1 mRNA and protein was significant increase compared with control(P【0.05,P【0.001).CONCLUSION:TGF-β2 and CTGF could induce HLECs epithelial mesenchymal transition and ECM synthesis.

Cross-talk between microRNA-let7c and transforming growth factor-β2 during epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of retinal pigment epithelial cells

AIM: To explore the roles of microRNA-let7 c(miR-let7 c) and transforming growth factor-β2(TGF-β2) and cellular signaling during epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition(EMT) of retinal pigment epithelial cells. METHODS: Retinal pigment epithelial(ARPE-19) cells were cultured with no serum for 12 h, and then with recombinant human TGF-β2 for different lengths of time. ARPE-19 cells were transfected with 1×106 TU/mL miR-let7 c mimcs(miR-let7 cM), miR-let7 c mimcs negative control(miR-let7cMNC) and miR-let7 c inhibitor(miR-let7 cI) using the transfection reagent. The expression of keratin-18, vimentin, N-cadherin, IKB alpha, p65 were detected by Western blot, quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence. RESULTS: The expression of miR-let7c was dramatically reduced and the nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB) signaling pathway was activated after induction by TGF-β2(P<0.05). In turn, overexpressed miR-let7 c significantly inhibited TGF-β2-induced EMT(P<0.05). However, miR-let7 c was unable to inhibit TGF-β2-induced EMT when the NF-κB signaling pathway was inhibited by BAY11-7082(P<0.01). CONCLUSION: The miR-let7 c regulates TGF-β2-induced EMT through the NF-κB signaling pathway in ARPE-19 cells.

Expressions of TGF-β2, bFGF and ICAM-1 in lens epithelial cells of complicated cataract with silicone oil tamponade

AIM： To investigate the expression differences of transforming growth factor-β2（TGF-β2）, basic fibroblast growth factor（b FGF） and intercellular cell-adhesion molecule-1（ICAM-1） in lens epithelial cells（LECs） of complicated cataract with silicone oil tamponade and agerelated cataract. METHODS： Totally 150 eyes of 150 patients（aged 35 to 77y） were investigated, including 75 patients with complicated cataract after silicone oil tamponade and 75 patients with age-related cataract. The central piece of anterior capsules was collected during cataract surgery. TGF-β2, b FGF and ICAM-1 were detected in the 60 specimens of the two groups by immunohistochemistry. The expression levels of the three kinds of messenger ribonucleic acid（m RNA） were determined by real-time quantitative reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction in the 90 specimens of the two groups.RESULTS： TGF-β2 was detected in the cytomembrane and cytoplasm of the LECs and b FGF was detected in the nucleus. ICAM-1 was positive in the cytomembrane of the LECs and the distribution of positive cells was uneven. The m RNA genes expression of the TGF-β2, b FGF and ICAM-1 was significant differences between the two groups and markedly increased in complicated cataract group（P〈0.05）.CONCLUSION： The up-regulated TGF-β2, b FGF and ICAM-1 maybe associate with the occurrence and development of complicated cataract with silicone oil tamponade.

Effect of NF-κB p65 antisense oligodeoxynucleotide on transdifferentiation of normal human lens epithelial cells induced by transforming growth factor-β2

AIM：To study the inhibition of nuclear factor kappa-B p65（NF-κB p65）antisense oligodeoxynucleotide（ASODN）on transdifferentiation of normal human lens epithelial cells induced by transforming growth factor-β2（TGF-β2）.·M ETHODS：NF-κBp65ASODNand NF-κBp65missense oligodeoxynucleotide（MSODN）were designed and synthesized.Human lens epithelial cell line（HLE B-3）cells were prepared for study and divided into 7 groups.Control group was HLE B-3 cells cultured in dulbecco’s modified eagle medium（DMEM）.T1,T2,and T3 group were HLE B-3 cells cultured in DMEM with 10 ng/m L TGF-β2 for 6h,12h,24h respectively.A＋T group was HLE B-3 cells cultured with 10 ng/m L TGF-β2for 24h after transfected by NF-κB p65 ASODN for 24h.M＋T group was HLE B-3 cells cultured with 10 ng/m L TGF-β2 for 24h after transfected by NF-κB p65 MSODN for 24h.The negative control group was HLE B-3 cells cultured with 10 ng/m L TGF-β2 for 24h after cultured with transfer agent（Hi Per Fect）for 24h.Cell morphology was observed at different time points using an inverted microscope.The expression of NF-κB p65 m RNA was detected with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction（RT-PCR）,and the expression ofα-smooth muscle actin（α-SMA）protein was assayed with ELISA.·RESULTS：With the TGF-β2 stimulation prolongation,the expression of NF-κB p65 m RNA and a-SMA protein increased in T1,T2,T3 groups compared with the control group,and the difference was statistically significant（〈0.05）.NF-κB p65 ASODN lowered the expression of NF-κB p65 m RNA andα-SMA protein induced by TGF-β2.NF-κB p65 MSODN and Hi Per Fect did not lower the expression of NF-κB p65 m RNA andα-SMA protein induced by TGF-β2.The difference between control group and A＋T group was not statistically significant（〉0.05）,but the difference among A＋T group and other groups was statistically significant（〈0.05）.·CONCLUSION：NF-κB p65 ASODN could lower the expression of NF-κB p65 m RNA andα-SMA protein induced by TGF-β2,and antagonized TGF-β2-induced transdifferentiation of HLE B-3.NF-κB p65ASODN could be used as a new biological therapeutic target of posterior capsular opacification.

Experimental Study of Plasmid TGF-β1 DNA Gene Transfer with Lipofectamine into Rabbit Corneal Epithelial Cells In Vitro

To investigate whether the TGF β1 plasmid DNA carried by lipofectamine could be introduced into cultured rabbit corneal epithelial cells, specific expression of the plasmid pMAM TGF β1 in the cultured corneal epithelial cells was studied. Two days after 12 h of transfection of pMAMTGF β1 mediated by lipofectamine into the cultured corneal epithelial cells, the TGF β1 protein expression specific for pMAMTGF β1 in the cells was detected by means of immunohistochemical staining and the positive rate was 23.37 %. The results suggested that foreign plasmid DNA could be effectively delivered into cultured rabbit corneal epithelial cells by means of lipofectamine, and this will provide a promising method of studying TGF β1 on the mechanism of physiology and pathology concerned with corneal epithelial cells.

上皮细胞转化序列2通过调控p33生长抑制因子1表达影响食管鳞状细胞癌细胞的体外转移活性

目的探讨上皮细胞转化序列2(ECT2)与p33生长抑制因子1(p33ING1)的表达水平对食管鳞状细胞癌(ESCC)细胞转移活性的影响。方法采用免疫组织化学法和免疫印迹法检测食管鳞癌组织和癌旁组织中ECT2和p33ING1的表达情况。将人食管鳞癌细胞系KYSE140细胞分为4组:空白组、阴性对照组(pcDNA 3.1 NC)组、过表达组(pcDNA 3.1 ECT2)和抑制表达组(si ECT2)。采用MTT法和细胞集落形成实验研究细胞的增殖和生长能力,Transwell实验和划痕实验研究细胞的侵袭和迁移能力,并用流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率和细胞周期,Western blotting检测ECT2对p33ING1蛋白的影响。结果在食管鳞癌组织中ECT2表达增加,p33ING1表达降低。过表达ECT2能够显著增加KYSE140细胞的生长、集落形成、迁移以及侵袭能力,并能降低KYSE140细胞的凋亡率和p33ING1的表达;此外,抑制ECT2表达后能够逆转上述变化。结论ECT2高表达能够促进食管鳞癌KYSE140细胞的生长、转移,并抑制其凋亡,其机制可能与ECT2能够抑制p33ING1表达相关。

细胞分裂后期促进复合亚基2在肝细胞癌组织中的表达及临床意义

目的探究细胞分裂后期促进复合亚基2(Anaphase promoting complex subunit 2,ANAPC2)在肝细胞癌(Hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)组织中的表达和其相关潜在功能机制。方法使用组织芯片免疫组化评估HCC及正常肝脏组织中ANAPC2蛋白表达的水平,并基于基因芯片和RNA测序的高通量数据库,计算ANAPC2 mRNA在HCC中的表达水平。利用单细胞测序技术进一步验证ANAPC2在HCC细胞层面的表达水平,并运用CRISPR敲除探究ANAPC2基因对HCC细胞生长的影响。使用Pearson相关分析筛选出ANAPC2的共表达基因,对该基因集进行功能富集分析。结果与正常肝组织相比,HCC组织中ANAPC2蛋白的表达出现了上调趋势。高通量数据集检索共纳入3861个HCC和3136个非癌肝组织样本,发现ANAPC2 mRNA在HCC组织中高表达(SMD=0.18,95%CI:0.04~0.32,P<0.05),sROC曲线下面积为0.67(95%CI:0.63~0.71)。在HCC单细胞水平也证实了ANAPC2的表达上调,ANAPC2基因的敲除可显著抑制HCC细胞的生长。ANAPC2共表达基因显著富集的信号通路包括细胞周期和有丝分裂等。结论HCC中,ANAPC2在转录及翻译阶段均表达上调,发挥了一定的促癌功能。

lncSIL通过EZH2/P21/CDK6信号通路负向调控TGF-β1诱导的肺泡上皮细胞间质转化

目的研究在转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)诱导肺泡上皮细胞间质转化(EMT)进程中lncSIL的作用及其相关信号通路。方法采用Western blot法研究沉默lncSIL后对TGF-β1诱导EMT进程中细胞标志蛋白E-钙黏蛋白(E-cad)、α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)和Ⅰ型胶原蛋白(ColⅠ)表达的影响;通过RNA pulldown分析lncSIL相互作用蛋白,并检测过表达或沉默lncSIL后对其靶基因组蛋白赖氨酸N-甲基转移酶(EZH2)以及下游因子P21蛋白(P21)和细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶6(CDK6)表达的影响,并结合流式细胞术分析lncSIL对细胞周期进程的作用。结果沉默lncSIL后,间质细胞标志蛋白α-SMA和Col I表达升高,肺泡上皮细胞标志蛋白E-cad表达下降;RNA pulldown实验结果显示EZH2是与lncSIL相互作用的靶蛋白,并且沉默lncSIL后EZH2表达升高,其下游基因P21表达下调,CDK6表达上调,同时S期细胞的数量显著升高;过表达lncSIL时,EZH2与CDK6表达下调,P21表达上调,同时S期细胞的数量明显降低。结论lncSIL通过负向调控EZH2/P21/CDK6信号通路抑制细胞周期进程进而抑制TGF-β1诱导的肺泡上皮细胞向间质转化。

Correlation between ECT2 gene expression and methylation change of ECT2 promoter region in pancreatic cancer

BACKGROUND: Pancreatic cancer is closely related to epigenetic abnormality. The epithelial cell transforming sequence 2 gene (ECT2) plays a critical role in Rho activation during cytokinesis, and thus may play a role in the pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer. In this study, we investigated the relationships between aberrant expression and epigenetic changes of the ECT2 gene in pancreatic cancer. METHODS: Four cell lines (PANC-1, Colo357, T3M-4 and PancTu I) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tissues were used for mRNA detection. After restriction isoschizomer endonucleases (Msp I/Hpa II) were used to digest the DNA sequence (5'-CCGG-3'), PCR was made to amplify the product. And RT-PCR was applied to determine the expression of the gene. RESULTS: The mRNA expression of the ECT2 gene was higher in pancreatic tumor tissue than in normal tissue. The gene was also expressed in the 4 PDAC cell lines. The methylation states of the upstream regions of the ECT2 gene were almost identical in normal, tumor pancreatic tissues, and the 4 PDAC cell lines. Some of the 5'-CCGG-3' areas in the upstream region of ECT2 were methylated, while others were unmethylated. CONCLUSIONS: The oncogene ECT2 is overexpressed in pancreatic tumor tissues as verified by RT-PCR detection. The methylation status of DNA in promoter areas is involved in the gene expression, along with other factors, in pancreatic cancer.

Expression of SNC73, a transcript of the immunoglobulin α-1 gene, in human epithelial carcinomas

AIM： To investigate the expression of SNC73, a transcript of the immunoglobulin α-1 gene （IgA1-H chain）, in human epitheliα-derived tumor cells. METHODS： Total RNAs and cell lysates were prepared from five different human epithelial cell lines derived from lung, stomach, liver, skin, and breast, respectively. RT-PCR and immunoblot analysis of these five cell lines were done. Both RT-PCR and immunochemistry were used to detect the expression of SNC73 in these cell lines. We also examined the expression of SNC73 in normal epithelial cells of colon mucosa by in situ hybridization. RT-PCR and immunoblot analysis were used to determine whether the recombination activating gene1/2 （RAG1 and RAG2） is present. The expression of three immunoglobulin transcription factors, EBF, E2A and Pax5, and the heavy chain of IgA1 and two types of light chains of immunoglobulin （κ and λ） in the aforementioned cell lines were analyzed by RT-PCR and immunochemistry, respectively. All the RT-PCR products were analyzed by sequencing. RESULTS： The results of RT-PCR and immunochemistry showed that both mRNA and protein of SNC73 were expressed in five human epitheliα-derived cancer cell lines. These data were further confirmed in the normal epithelial cells of colon mucosa by in situ hybridization. Also, the heavy chain of IgA1 and κ light chain were detected in these cells, but no λ light chain was observed. Both RAG1 and RAG2 were expressed in these human epitheliα-derived cancer cell lines and the sequence was identical to that expressed in pre-B and pre-T cells. In addition to RAG1 and RAG2, the mRNA in one of the immunoglobulin transcription factors, EBF, was also detected in these cell lines, and Pax5 was only expressed in SW480 cells, but no expression of E2A was observed in all the five cell lines. CONCLUSION： Immunoglobulin A1 is originally expressed and V（D）J recombination machine is also present in non-lymphoid cells, suggesting that V（D）J recombination machine mediates the assembly of immunoglobulin A1 in non-lymphoid cells as in prelymphocytes.

胰岛素样生长因子1对人RPE细胞分泌TGF-β2、MMP-2的影响及机制研究

目的研究胰岛素样生长因子1(IGF-1)对人视网膜色素上皮细胞(ARPE-19)表达转化生长因子β2(TGF-β2)、基质金属蛋白酶2(MMP-2)的影响,并探索其作用机制。方法ARPE-19细胞分别按不同浓度IGF-1和不同浓度LY294002培养6 h、12 h、24 h、48 h,采用CCK-8法检测细胞活力,确定IGF-1、LY294002的最佳作用浓度与时间。细胞划痕法检测细胞迁移活性。ELISA法检测细胞培养上清液中TGF-β2浓度。将ARPE-19细胞分为对照组、IGF-1组(80μg·L^(-1) IGF-1)、IGF-1+LY294002组(80μg·L^(-1) IGF-1+30 mmol·L^(-1) LY294002)、LY294002组(30 mmol·L^(-1) LY294002),使用无血清DMEM/F12培养基培养,对照组不做任何处理,分别采用RT-PCR、Western blot检测细胞中TGF-β2、MMP-2、磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶(PI3K)、蛋白激酶B(AKT)的mRNA和蛋白表达量。结果与0μg·L^(-1) IGF-1比较,80μg·L^(-1) IGF-1的细胞活力24 h变化显著(P<0.05),故确定其为IGF-1最佳作用浓度和时间。与0 mmol·L^(-1) LY294002比较,24 h的30 mmol·L^(-1) LY294002接近半数抑制浓度,故确定其为LY294002最佳作用时间和浓度。细胞划痕法检测结果显示,0μg·L^(-1) IGF-1组、40μg·L^(-1) IGF-1组、80μg·L^(-1) IGF-1组细胞迁移率整体比较及两两比较差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.05)。ELISA检测结果显示,0μg·L^(-1) IGF-1组、40μg·L^(-1) IGF-1组、80μg·L^(-1) IGF-1组细胞上清液中TGF-β2浓度整体比较及两两比较差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.05)。RT-PCR、Western blot检测结果显示,IGF-1、LY294002培养24 h,与对照组比较,IGF-1组细胞中TGF-β2、MMP-2、PI3K、AKT的mRNA与蛋白表达水平均升高,而LY294002组细胞中TGF-β2、MMP-2、PI3K、AKT的mRNA与蛋白表达水平均下降(均为P<0.05);与IGF-1组比较,IGF-1+LY294002组细胞中TGF-β2、MMP-2、PI3K、AKT的mRNA与蛋白表达水平均下降(均为P<0.05)。结论IGF-1能促进ARPE-19细胞增殖、迁移;IGF-1可能通过PI3K/AKT信号通路上调ARPE-19细胞中TGF-β2、MMP-2的表达,参与近视的发生与发展。

Role of reactive oxygen species in epithelial-mesenchymal transition and apoptosis of human lens epithelial cells

AIM:To investigate the role of reactive oxygen species(ROS)in epithelial–mesenchymal transition(EMT)and apoptosis of human lens epithelial cells(HLECs).METHODS:Flow cytometry was used to assess ROS production after transforming growth factorβ2(TGF-β2)induction.Apoptosis of HLECs after H_(2)O_(2) and TGF-β2 interference with or without ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine(NAC)were assessed by flow cytometry.The corresponding protein expression levels of the EMT markerα-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA),the extracellular matrix(ECM),marker fibronectin(Fn),and apoptosis-associated proteins were detected by using Western blotting in the presence of an ROS scavenger(NAC).Wound-healing and Transwell assays were used to assess the migration capability of HLECs.RESULTS:TGF-β2 stimulates ROS production within 8h in HLECs.Additionally,TGF-β2 induced HLECs cell apoptosis,EMT/ECM synthesis protein markers expression,and pro-apoptotic proteins production;nonetheless,NAC treatment prevented these responses.Similarly,TGF-β2 promoted HLECs cell migration,whereas NAC inhibited cell migration.We further determined that although ROS initiated apoptosis,it only induced the accumulation of the EMT markerα-SMA protein,but not COL-1 or Fn.CONCLUSION:ROS contribute to TGF-β2-induced EMT/ECM synthesis and cell apoptosis of HLECs;however,ROS alone are not sufficient for EMT/ECM synthesis.

二甲双胍对转化生长因子-β_(2)(TGF-β_(2))诱导的人晶状体上皮细胞增殖、迁移及上皮间质转化的影响

目的研究二甲双胍对转化生长因子-β_(2)(TGF-β_(2))诱导的人晶状体上皮细胞(LEC)增殖、迁移及上皮间质转化的影响。方法选择永生化人LEC(HLEB-3细胞)作为细胞来源;将细胞融合度80%的人LEC置于含10 mg·L^(-1)TGF-β_(2)的DMEM低糖培养基中培养24 h作为对照组,经TGF-β_(2)处理再加入不同浓度二甲双胍进一步作用后的细胞作为实验组。处理后在倒置显微镜下观察各组细胞的形态变化。采用CCK-8实验检测细胞毒性,计算细胞存活率,Western blot法检测细胞中辅助激活因子Yes相关蛋白1(YAP1)、大肿瘤抑制因子1(LATS1)、波型蛋白(Vimentin)的表达,实时荧光定量PCR检测YAP1、LATS1、哺乳动物STE20样激酶1(MST1)、Vimentin、E-钙黏蛋白mRNA的表达。结果二甲双胍细胞毒性检测结果显示,当二甲双胍浓度大于15.0 mmol·L^(-1)时,人LEC的存活率明显降低,表明二甲双胍浓度对LEC存活影响较大,因此选择15.0 mmol·L^(-1)进行后续实验。二甲双胍对TGF-β_(2)诱导的人LEC增殖有显著的抑制作用,且呈明显的剂量依赖性(均为P<0.001)。15.0 mmol·L^(-1)二甲双胍作用于人LEC 24 h后细胞中YAP1和Vimentin蛋白相对表达量均低于对照组(均为P<0.05);LATS1蛋白相对表达量高于对照组(P<0.05)。15.0 mmol·L^(-1)二甲双胍作用于人LEC 24 h后细胞中YAP1和Vimentin mRNA相对表达量均低于对照组,LATS1、MST1、E-钙黏蛋白mRNA相对表达量均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.05)。结论二甲双胍在体外能够对TGF-β_(2)诱导的人LEC增殖、迁移及上皮间质转化产生抑制作用,同时可下调YAP1和Vimentin mRNA的表达,上调LATS1、MST1、E-钙黏蛋白mRNA的表达;该作用机制可能与其激活Hippo信号通路有关。

代谢工程法改造大肠杆菌合成2’-岩藻糖基乳糖

母乳寡糖对婴幼儿健康有促进作用,可保护新生儿免受感染和炎症,是婴幼儿最佳的天然食品。2’-岩藻糖基乳糖(2’-fucosyllactose,2’-FL)是母乳寡糖中特有的成分且含量较高,在婴幼儿配方奶粉以及医药产业中有广泛的应用前景。天然产物提取法和化学合成法是合成2’-FL的主要方法,但这两种方法难以大量提取2’-FL,且存在严重污染问题,因此,目前有关2’-FL生产的研究集中在温和环保的全细胞发酵方法上。以大肠杆菌为宿主细胞,在其内异源表达多聚磷酸盐依赖型甘露糖激酶AsPPGMK和α-1,2-岩藻糖基转移酶,同时共表达合成路径关键酶。为了提高2’-FL的产量,采用抑制UDP-葡萄糖脂质载体转移酶基因wcaJ的方法,阻断中间产物的降解过程,并通过优化催化转化条件,在100 mL体系中添加200 mmol/L底物,进一步提高2’-FL产量。结果表明,反应8 h后,转化率为81%,产量为79 g/L。

猪圆环病毒Ⅱ型感染3D4/2细胞的转录组学分析

【目的】通过转录组测序筛选猪圆环病毒Ⅱ型(Porcine circovirus typeⅡ,PCV2)感染猪肺泡巨噬细胞系(3D4/2)差异表达基因,为了解PCV2感染宿主免疫细胞机制和抗PCV2感染药物研发奠定基础。【方法】用感染复数(multiplicity of infection, MOI)为1的PCV2 NJ2002株处理3D4/2细胞,利用Illumina NovaSeq 6000测序平台进行转录组测序。使用DeSeq 2.0软件进行差异表达基因分析,并对差异表达基因进行基因本体论(GO)、京都基因与基因组百科全书(KEGG)功能分析及转录因子靶向分析,选取免疫及凋亡相关基因进行实时荧光定量PCR验证,用Western blotting技术检测细胞内磷脂酰肌醇激酶(PI3K)及磷酸化胞内磷脂酰肌醇激酶(p-PI3K)、蛋白激酶B(Akt)和磷酸化蛋白激酶B(p-Akt)蛋白表达水平。【结果】转录组测序结果显示,与对照组相比,PCV2感染组共获得713个差异表达基因,其中313个上调,400个下调。GO功能和KEGG通路富集分析显示,差异表达基因与免疫应答等相关,主要富集在细胞外基质受体互作通路、新陈代谢通路、HIF-1信号通路、病毒致癌作用、PI3K-Akt等信号通路。实时荧光定量PCR结果与转录组测序的基因表达水平保持一致。Western blotting检测结果显示,PCV2感染3D4/2细胞24 h后PI3K和Akt蛋白磷酸化水平显著升高(P<0.05)。转录因子靶向分析表明,差异表达基因与核转录因子Y亚基β(NFYB)和ETS转录因子(ELK4)联系紧密。【结论】PCV2可能通过PI3K-Akt信号通路影响下游炎症信号通路和凋亡信号通路增强自身复制能力。NFYB和ELK4转录因子在PCV2感染过程中可能发挥重要作用,可考虑作为抗PCV2药物靶点。研究结果为深入了解PCV2感染宿主免疫细胞机制和相关药物开发提供了理论基础。

基于生物信息数据库探讨肺腺癌中ECT2基因的表达和临床意义

目的基于生物信息数据库探讨肺腺癌中上皮序列转化2(ECT2)基因的表达和临床预后意义。方法从TCGA、GEO、Sangerbox等生物信息数据库获取肺腺癌组织中ECT2基因的表达数据和临床病理特征参数,比较肺腺癌和癌旁组织中ECT2的表达差异,分析ECT2表达与临床特征、表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)突变状态的相关性,探讨ECT2作为独立预后因素评估患者预后的意义,通过基因集富集分析(GSEA)挖掘ECT2参与的信号通路,利用ESTIMATE算法评估ECT2表达与肺腺癌微环境中免疫细胞浸润程度的相关性。结果在TCGA、GSE31210、GSE40791、GSE10072、GSE32863、GSE75037数据库中,肺腺癌组织中ECT2基因的表达均显著高于正常组织(P<0.001)。ECT2表达与性别、吸烟情况、T分期、N分期、TNM分期密切相关,且在EGFR突变的患者中表达显著降低(P<0.05)。ECT2高表达可作为肺腺癌患者预后的独立危险因素,联合T分期和N分期的列线图模型能更准确地预测患者的预后。GSEA分析表明,ECT2高表达患者存在mTORC1通路、未折叠蛋白反应、有丝分裂纺锤体、Myc靶点、G 2/M细胞周期检查点、E2F靶点、DNA损伤修复等信号通路激活富集。ESTIMATE算法结果显示,ECT2表达与基质评分、免疫评分、ESTIMATE评分呈负相关,并与B细胞、CD4+T细胞和中性粒细胞浸润程度密切相关。结论ECT2在肺腺癌患者中高表达,是恶性生物学表型及不良预后的独立危险因素,且与EGFR基因突变状态及肿瘤微环境中的免疫细胞浸润密切相关,可作为治疗筛选及预后监测的潜在生物标志物。

p53、bcl-2、c-erbB-2在胃癌及癌前病变中表达的意义

目的研究p53、bcl2、cerbB2基因在胃癌及癌前病变中的表达,探讨其与胃癌发生的关系。方法采用免疫组化SABC法,检测p53、bcl2、cerbB2基因蛋白在98例胃癌、39例肠上皮化生、40例不典型增生和20例正常胃粘膜中的表达。结果①p53在胃癌中的阳性表达率为55.1%,早期胃癌和进展期胃癌分别为50.0%,55.4%;在肠上皮化生中的表达率为12.8%,与早期胃癌比较有统计学差异(P<0.05),随不典型增生程度的加重p53的表达率逐渐升高,依次为5%,20%,60%,其中轻中度与重度不典型增生差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而在正常胃粘膜中未见p53表达②bcl2在正常胃粘膜中有弱阳性表达(10.0%),在不典型增生中为50.0%,在胃癌中为44.9%,不典型增生与胃癌中的表达均显著高于正常胃粘膜(P<0.05)。③cerbB2在胃癌中的阳性表达率为55.1%,其中在早期胃癌中的表达率较低(16.7%),在重度不典型增生和进展期胃癌中的表达率较高,分别为60.0%和57.6%,二者与早期胃癌比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。④cerbB2表达与肿瘤浸润深度、淋巴结转移有关(P<0.05),与胃癌分化程度无关(P>0.05);bcl2表达与胃癌的分化程度有关(P<0.05),低分化者bcl2表达率高,与淋巴结转移,浸润深度无关(P>0.05);p53表达与上述临床病理因素均无关(P>0.05)。结论p53,bcl2。