Information Management in Disaster and Humanitarian Response: A Case in United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs

To guarantee a unified response to disasters, humanitarian organizations work together via the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA). Although the OCHA has made great strides to improve its information management and increase the availability of accurate, real-time data for disaster and humanitarian response teams, significant gaps persist. There are inefficiencies in the emergency management of data at every stage of its lifecycle: collection, processing, analysis, distribution, storage, and retrieval. Disaster risk reduction and disaster risk management are the two main tenets of the United Nations’ worldwide plan for disaster management. Information systems are crucial because of the crucial roles they play in capturing, processing, and transmitting data. The management of information is seldom discussed in published works. The goal of this study is to employ qualitative research methods to provide insight by facilitating an expanded comprehension of relevant contexts, phenomena, and individual experiences. Humanitarian workers and OCHA staffers will take part in the research. The study subjects will be chosen using a random selection procedure. Online surveys with both closed- and open-ended questions will be used to compile the data. UN OCHA offers a structure for the handling of information via which all humanitarian actors may contribute to the overall response. This research will enable the UN Office for OCHA better gather, process, analyze, disseminate, store, and retrieve data in the event of a catastrophe or humanitarian crisis.

A Preliminary Study on the Theory of Polar Coordinates Digital Photogrammetry and the Coordinate System of Spatial Information

The development of new aeronautics and astronautics technologies has been constrained by strict mathematical rules for data processing among the diverse methods used to obtain spatial information.The acquisition of spatial information has been affected by various choices including the applied technologies(e.g.,push broom sensors),techniques(e.g.,zoom imaging),and equipment settings(e.g.,swing angle,aerial platform attitude,camera angle)in terms of the convergence,efficiency,and accuracy of the data.Based on the principle of the bionic machine parallax angle and pyramidal projection of the aerial space platform to the surface,this study explored solutions for high-resolution image sparsity,ill-conditioned singularity,and non-convergence by building a set of mathematical models to process the polar coordinates of the parallax angular vector.This study also formed a polar information theory for initial spatial information.This method improved the ranges of accuracy,efficiency,and anti-interference in close-range photogrammetry and the free net bundle adjustment model by several orders of magnitude.The open source code was made globally available more than 3 years ago,and has received positive reactions.The method’s effectiveness was verified using aerophotogrammetry and absolute network adjustment model experiments,and its performance was better than that of the Cartesian coordinate processing method.Finally,the higher-order solution characteristics of various applications and spaceflight platforms were provided,which are expected to provide a foundation for construction of a new polar coordinate system for aerospace multi-scale all-attitude spatial information acquisition,organization,management,storage,processing,and application.

Supply chain coordination mechanisms under asymmetric information with retailer cost disruptions

A two-level supply chain model involving one supplier and one retailer with linear demand is developed, and supply chain coordination mechanisms under asymmetric information （the retailer＇ s cost structure is asymmetric information） are proposed by employing game theory in two scenarios： coordination mechanisms under asymmetric information in a regular scenario （without disruption）; and coordination mechanisms under asymmetric information in an irregular scenario （ with retailer cost disruptions）. It is optimal for the supply chain to maintain the original production plan and to guarantee a steadily running system if variations of retailer costs are sufficiently low and do not exceed an upper bound. This shows that the original production plan has certain robustness under disruptions. Decisions must be re-made if a retailer＇ s cost change is greater and exceeds an upper bound. Impacts of retailer cost disruptions on the order quantity, the retail price, the wholesale price and each party＇ s as well as the system＇ s expected profits are investigated through numerical analyses.

Game Theory Based Decision Coordination Strategy of Agricultural Logistics Service Information System

Under the background of“Internet plus”rapid development,the agricultural logistics industry should apply information technology to every link of the agricultural product logistics industry chain.By making full use of the decision making module of the agricultural logistics information system,we can realize the full sharing of information and data resources,which makes the decision-making scheme of the agricultural logistics information system more optimized.In real economic society,the uncertainty and mismatch between the customer’s logistics service demand and the logistics service capability that the logistics service function provider can provide,that is,when the two information are asymmetric,how to use the third-party contract to coordinate the income and profit distribution of the two,to make the information system decision making more reasonable?This paper mainly studies the coordination scheme of agricultural logistics information system decision making under uncertain output and demand information by introducing the spot market.A joint coordination strategy based on revenue sharing and penalty feedback contracts proposes decentralized decision making based on game theory.Experiments show that the flexible ordering strategy proposed in this paper can reduce the logistics service supply chain’s uncertainty and significantly improve the logistics service supply chain’s overall income level through coordination contracts.

Effects of Quality and Quantity of Information Processing on Design Coordination Performance

It is acknowledged that lacking of interdisciplinary communication amongst designers can result in poor coordination performance in building design. Viewing communication as information processing activity, this paper aims to explore the relationship between interdisciplinary information processing (IP) and design coordination performance. Both amount and quality are concerned regarding information processing. 698 project based samples are collected by questionnaire survey from design institutes in China's Mainland. Statistical data analysis shows that the relationship between information processing amount and design coordination performance follows a nonlinear exponential expression: performance = 3.691 (1-0.235IP amount) rather than reverted U curve. It implies that design period is too short to allow information overload. It indicates that the main problem in interdisciplinary communication in design institute in China is insufficient information. In additional, it is found the correlation between IP quality and coordination process performance is much stronger than that between IP amount and coordination process performance. For practitioners, it reminds design mangers to pay more attention to information processing quality rather than amount.

Coordination Model of Consumer Information Sharing in the Online Tourism Supply Chain

This is a study of the coordination model of consumer information sharing in the tourism supply chain with e-commerce platforms as the core.On the basis of considering the risks,a game theory is used to explore the information sharing effort level and the output profit of the tourism supply chain under both,centralized decision-making and decentralized decision-making.Finally,numerical simulation is used to verify the model and put forward a method of coordination for all parties in the tourism supply chain to achieve maximum profit.

客户数字化转型与企业非效率投资:协同治理还是嬗变失配

将客户数字化转型行为决策纳入企业非效率投资的研究框架中,利用2007—2019年中国深沪A股上市公司披露的前五大客户数据,检验发现:客户数字化转型对企业非效率投资存在正向溢出效应,并且这种正向溢出主要表现为抑制企业过度投资,该结果在一系列稳健性检验后依然成立。进一步研究发现,信息协同和高管治理是客户数字化转型改善企业非效率投资的两个作用渠道,从而证实数字溢出存在协同治理效果。此外,当客企关系性质良好、客企数字差距较大、企业融资约束较高时,客户数字化转型对企业非效率投资的改善效果更好。研究结论不仅肯定了客户数字化转型引致的数字溢出能够改善企业非效率投资,为缓解企业间供需矛盾提供了解决思路;而且发现并验证了供应链数字溢出的协同治理效果,加深了各界对供应链数字溢出的学术认知,具有现实意义和理论价值。

需求信息不对称环境下跨境电子商务供应链协调机制研究

针对我国跨境电子商务公司和国际物流公司之间的信息不对称问题,在需求信息不对称环境下,采用非线性激励模型及python数据分析方法,通过引入激励合同及外部观察变量进行激励机制的改进,对跨境电子商务供应链协调机制进行研究。结果表明,外部观测变量引入提供更多信息,降低了外部不确定因素对于观测变量扰动,提高跨境电商企业对于跨境物流服务供应商努力程度准确辨识,实现更好激励。在极端情况下,在新引入观测变量与外部随机因素完全相关时,可直接观测变量确认跨境物流服务供应商努力程度,实现最优激励。仿真数据表明,跨境电商企业和物流集成分包商需要承担一定通关成本,并让出一部分利润给分包商,分包商和物流集成商降低物流批发价格,并提供物流服务。

基于坐标信息与多尺度并行网络的气道分割方法

为解决手术导航中气道模型精度不足的问题,提出了一种基于坐标信息与多尺度并行网络的气道分割方法。首先通过并行网络分别学习不同尺度的气道特征,以解决不同尺寸气道之间的特征冲突问题。其次提出坐标引导的上采样模块,通过浅层特征中的坐标信息指导深层特征进行特征重建,限制目标的空间位置,提高模型精度。最后提出通道引导的多尺度特征聚合模块,用于在多个尺度上捕获语义信息并探索不同尺度特征之间的通道关系。在公开数据集LIDC-IDRI和EXACT'09上对提出的方法和其他模型进行训练和测试。实验表明,该方法的平均骰子系数达到了93.20%,相比于3D U-Net提高了2.61%,而假阳性率只有0.012%。此外,树长检测率和分支检测率分别达到了88.59%和97.42%。该方法可用于肺部疾病诊断或导航支气管检查等领域。

航空摄影统筹共享管理技术设计

针对航空摄影统筹共享管理缺乏有效技术手段的问题,在分析当前技术现状和技术要求的基础上,提出了建立综合管理系统开展航空摄影“事前-事中-事后”全流程在线统筹共享管理的技术思路,设计了航摄统筹共享管理的工作流程、系统组成、数据流与接口,详细阐述了“事前”开展航摄需求技术统筹;“事中”进行航摄信息可视化在线共享;“事后”实现航摄成果目录信息快速更新等技术内容。研究成果可为实现全国航空摄影“一获多用”与信息及时共享提供新的解决方案。

汉语复句的分类问题

汉语复句的分类是汉语语法研究中的基本问题,也是难点问题之一。根据复句小句的表达功能与信息地位,可以对汉语复句进行重新分类。据此,以复句中小句能否被提问、能被怎样提问作为形式测试手段,将汉语复句分为并列类复句和主从类复句两个大类,其中主从类复句又有时间复句、因果复句、条件复句三个次类。相较以前的汉语复句分类,新的分类具有更强的可操作性和解释力。

改进BIC的GNSS站坐标时序有色噪声特性分析

为了有效解决传统的极大似然估计方法存在的未知数多导致结果不准确的问题,提出一种改进BIC的GNSS站坐标时序有色噪声特性分析方法:选取全球范围内100个基准站2008—2022年坐标时序及仿真的100组坐标时序,采用赤池信息准则(AIC)、贝叶斯信息准则(BIC)、改进的贝叶斯信息准则(BIC_tp)对不同有色噪声模型进行噪声特性分析,获取基准站坐标序列的最优噪声模型及速度参数;探讨BIC_tp对噪声模型及速度估计的影响。结果表明,基准站坐标序列噪声模型呈现出多样性特征,在北(N)和东(E)方向主要表现为闪烁噪声+白噪声(FNWN)模型,天顶(U)方向主要表现为幂律噪声+白噪声(PLWN)模型;相比于AIC和BIC噪声模型估计准则,BIC_tp方法对有色噪声模型估计具有较高的准确性,尤其是闪烁噪声+随机游走噪声(RW)+白噪声(FNRWWN)模型对全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)站速度不确定度的影响在N与E方向远大于U方向;正确获取模型参数估计的实际不确定度及改正噪声分量对于合理应用GNSS坐标时间序列数据具有重要意义。

碳信息披露质量与公司治理耦合协调对能源企业价值的影响

利用熵权法、主成分分析法和耦合协调模型分别测算2012—2021年国内能源上市公司的碳信息披露质量、公司治理综合指数和二者的耦合协调度,同时探究其对能源企业价值的影响。研究表明:能源企业碳信息披露质量与公司治理耦合协调度对企业价值有显著的正向促进作用。通过分组回归发现,公司治理水平高的企业碳信息披露质量与公司治理耦合协调度对企业价值的影响更为显著。

江苏省体育产业与信息产业关联融合与耦合协调研究

江苏省体育产业和信息产业目前的发展规模空前,各自发展势头良好,但产业融合是目前经济高质量发展的新趋势,也是产业转型升级的必然趋势。体育产业与信息产业的融合,更是成为推动两者高质量发展的强大动力。研究结合江苏省近5年体育产业与信息产业数据,利用灰色关联分析法,探究体育产业及各子行业和信息产业的融合程度,并进一步利用耦合协调度模型计算两大产业在产业融合过程中的协调程度,结果显示:两大产业融合发展状态良好,整体呈现稳步上升趋势;体育产业内部发展尚有差异,部分子行业尚需加强与信息产业的融合;两大产业从各自独立发展到逐渐协同发展,总体达到良好协调状态。

数控机床传动轴位置信号采集及线性误差补偿设计

为了提高数控机床传动轴位置线性误差补偿能力,运用误差补偿方法对机床伺服系统的位置环信号进行采集,设计了一种数控机床传动轴位置信号采集及线性误差补偿方法。通过引入了一种测温方法来采集被测点温度,并对测试数据修正,计算温度偏差补偿值来达到对该系统线性错误补偿的功能。研究结果表明,重构方差发生了增大,形成了更小的最大误差,曲率积分递推过程获得的误差也更小,实现了更优重构效果。对各类误差按照特定方式实施补偿,采用线性误差的形式,实现机床坐标实时补偿的功能。该研究具有很好的实际推广价值,可适用于其他类型的机床精度控制领域。

计及区间预测信息的含风电电力系统有功多时间尺度协调调度优化方法

间歇性、集群式的风电并入大电网将会增加输电断面功率越限风险,将点预测信息纳入含风电的电力系统调度将不可避免出现“过调度”和“欠调度”。为此,该文提出计及区间预测信息的含风电电力系统有功多时间尺度协调调度优化方法。首先,利用点模型及其预测误差分布构建风电功率区间预测模型;其次,建立具有区间预测信息的风电场有功功率动态分群策略;再次,构建风电集群和自动发电控制(automatic generation control,AGC)机组与非AGC机组等多时间尺度协调的调度策略,通过滚动优化和反馈校正环节协调日前-日内以及实时调度;最后,采用实际风电集群有功功率数据和改进的IEEE-118节点标准测试系统验证所提方法的有效性。研究表明,所提方法不仅可以合理协调风电集群内各个风电场输出功率,还可以协调风电集群功率和AGC机组与非AGC之间的输出功率,有效解决了调度指令与实际输出功率不协调问题。

基于信创环境的水利智搜优化设计与研究

为提高水利智搜数据采集效率、个性化推荐程度、协调运维能力、信创环境适配程度,向社会公众提供便捷高效的水利信息检索服务,结合核心技术自主可控的必然要求,研究运用数据采集、搜索推荐模型等智能化处理技术,进一步优化搜索算法,加强数据信息采集。同时,通过优化水利智搜平台设计,基于信创环境适配优化,采用集成式、场景式和交互式一体化数据呈现方式,提升支撑、统计分析、搜索和聚合能力,实现精准化推荐和协同化运维。基于信创环境的水利智搜优化设计与研究,可为水利行业智能化信息检索服务提供经验借鉴。

协同育人背景下“东北三省一区”地方高校电子信息类专业协同发展探索与实践

该文以哈尔滨理工大学电子信息类为依托,联合东北电力大学、沈阳理工大学、辽宁工业大学及内蒙古工业大学等多所高校电子信息类专业现有资源,结合“东北三省一区”的地缘优势及大学集群优势,通过深度的多校融合,全方位的协同育人,加强一流专业建设,优化培养方案,提升培养质量,从而实现“东北三省一区”战略,对接国家和区域的经济、社会发展需要以及战略新兴产业的需求,实现优质教育资源共建共享,构建“东北三省一区”高等教育高质量发展新格局。

电力信息物理系统跨域攻击协同防御架构及机制研究

我国电力基础设施已经发展成为具有高度信息化、自动化、智能化特征的信息物理融合系统.信息-物理交互在显著提升电力供给效率和性能的同时,也引入了新型网络安全威胁,通过发生于信息域并明确作用于物理域的跨域攻击,可造成电力基础设施系统性瘫痪,继而引发大面积停电事故,而当前孤立的信息侧或物理侧防御体系难以有效应对跨域攻击威胁.本文介绍了电力系统面临的信息物理跨域攻击威胁现状,分析了传统防御方法面对跨域攻击时存在的不足,提出了一种信息物理协同的跨域攻击防御架构,在针对跨域攻击传播的不同阶段,从感知、辨识、阻断三个角度设计了防御方法,通过算例验证了所提信息物理协同防御架构能够有效保障电力系统安全稳定运行.

基于混合变量目标分解模型的热电联产光储热力电力系统运行优化

光伏、储能电池、燃煤热电联产机组组成的综合能源系统,其电力热力系统间孤立运营,为分析其热力电力系统间的信息交互与经济协调调度的关系,依据J.F.Benders混合变量目标分解法对热电联产光储热力电力系统的物理模型按照热力主系统和电力子系统进行分解,通过目标函数和系统边界条件分析子目标之间的信息交互情况,得出光电消纳储存与热电联产协调调度运行的数学模型,并对保护信息加以隔离重定向,以Gurobi求解器迭代计算混合整数规划多维变量问题。基于综合能源系统案例分析了电力热力不同负荷需求下的3种运行工况,发现热力电力运营系统间经济效益协同互补,且信息交互扩大了光电的消纳空间,系统净负荷平均降低了13.63%,交互功率损失每年减少了948.07万元,能源利用效率提高了4.48百分点,可见本模型可以服务于综合能源系统的经济协调调度优化和提高能效。