KINETIC MODELING OF ESTERIFICATION OF EPOXY RESIN IN THE PRESENCE OF TRIPHENYLPHOSPHINE FOR PRODUCING VINYL ESTER RESIN: MECHANISTIC RATE EQUATION

Due to its mechanical properties and ease of use, vinyl ester resin is enjoying increasing consideration. This resin normally is produced by reaction between epoxy resin and unsaturated carboxylic acid. In the present study, bis-phenol A based epoxy resin and methacrylic acid was used to produce vinyl ester resin. The reaction was conducted under both stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric conditions in the presence of triphenylphosphine as catalyst. The stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric experiments were conducted at 95, 100, 105 and 110℃ and at 90 and 95℃, respectively. The first order rate equation and mechanism based rate equation were examined. Parameters are evaluated by least square method. A comparison of mechanism based rate equation and experimental data show an excellent agreement. Finally, Arrhenius equation and activation energy were presented.

Studies on interacting Blends of Acrylated Epoxy resin based Poly(Ester-Amide)s and Vinyl EsterResin

Epoxy resin based Unsaturated poly(ester-amide) resins (UPEAs) can be prepared by many methods but here these were prepared by reported method [1]. These UPEAs were then treated with acrylotl chloride to afford acrylated UPEAs resin (i.e. AUPEAs). Interacting blends of equal proportional AUPEAs and vinyl ester epoxy (VE) resin were prepared. APEAs and AUPEAs were characterized by elemental analysis, molecular weight determined by vapour pressure osmometer and by IR spectral study and by thermogravimetry. The curing of interacting blends was monitored on differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). Based on DSC data in situ glass reinforced composites of the resultant blends have been prepared and characterized for mechanical, electrical and chemical properties. Unreinforced blends were characterized by thermogravimetry (TGA).

Study on Polyurethane/(vinyl ester resin) IPN Damping Materials

Polyurethane/(vinyl ester resin) interpenetrating polymer network (PU/VER IPN) materials with broad temperatureranges and excellent damping properties from Iow temperature to room temperature were prepared. The influenceof comonomers and component ratios on the compatibility and damping properties of IPN materials was studied byDMA which indicates that such properties are improved by introducing acrylic esters instead of polystyrene (PSt)into VER comonomer system. The detected results of microstructure by AFM show that the phase ranges of thedual-phase continuous IPN materials obtained are both in nanometer scale. The results of mechanical propertiesshow that IPN materials show the regulation from elastic deformation to brittle deformation with the increase of VERproportion.

Effect of Strain Rate on Compression Behavior of Vinyl Ester Resin Casting

Quasi-static and high strain rate compressive experiments on vinyl ester casting were carried out by means of MTS (Material Test System) and Hopkinson bar. The behaviors of the compressed unstable and fracture of the resin casting at different strain rates were investigated.The results indicate that the response behavior of the resin casting is controlled by different mechanisms at different strain rate, and some mechanical properties of vinyl ester casting are rate-dependent: the casting are destroyed in toughness model under strain rate 3.3×10 -4～6.6×10 -3/s, while the casting are destroyed in brittleness model under strain rate 950～5800/s. The yield stress, yield strain energy density are all increased with the increasing strain rates at quasi-static as well as at high strain rates. What is interesting is that the yield strain decreased with the strain rates increasing at quasi-static while increased at high strain rates. It is considered that the casting occurred forcing high elastic deformation at high strain rates. The damage of the specimens is mainly controlled by axial stress before unstable deformation, while mainly controlled by shear stress after unstable deformation, and then developed to fracture finally. This progress is rate-dependent: the development of the cracks inside the castings increased with the strain rate increasing.

Synthesis and Characterization of Modified Epoxy Resins by Silicic Acid Tetraethyl Ester and Nano-SiO_2

A kind of modified epoxy resins was obtained by condensation of epoxy resin with silicic acid tetraethyl ester（TEOS） and nano-SiO2. The reactions were performed with hydrochloric acid as a catalyst at 63 ℃. The structure, thermal stability and morphological characteristics of the modified epoxy resins were studied through infrared spectra（FT-IR） analysis, thermogravimetric（TG） analysis and scanning electron microscopy respectively. It has been found from the IR and TG study that modified epoxy resins have greater thermal stability than epoxy resins, and its thermal stability has been improved by the formation of inter-crosslinked network structure. The modified epoxy resins exhibit heterogeneous morphology and heterogeneity increases with more TEOS feeding, which in turn confirms the formation of inter-crosslinked network structure in modified epoxy resins.

Investigation on Thermal and Dimensional Stability of Epoxy Resin In-Situ Modified by Cyanate Ester Resin and Polydimethylsiloxane

The thermal and dimensional stability of epoxy resin(EP)in-situ modified by cyanate ester(CE)and polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)are investigated by means of experiments and numerical simulation.Thermal gravimetric analysis(TGA)and differential scanning calorimeter(DSC)are used to analyze the heat resistance of the modified EP.The dimensional stability is characterized by the volume shrinkage of the series PDMS/CE/EP obtained by the density method.The chemical structure of the PDMS/CE/EP is analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR).The results of TGA and DSC indicate that the thermal stability of PDMS/CE/EP decreases firstly and then increases with the increase in the amount of CE.The addition of PDMS shows a slight effect on the thermal stability.The 40%CE makes the blending system exhibit the lowest initial decomposition temperature,which reduces by 15.5%and 40.8%compared with pure EP and CE,respectively.The FTIR results suggested that the influence of CE on the thermal stability of the modified EP is mainly ascribed to the generation of oxazolidinone ring with low thermal stability and the increase in the triazine ring with high thermal stability.The volume shrinkage measurement results show that the introduction of CE and PDMS are both beneficial to the improvement of the dimensional stability of the blending systems.The in-situ addition of 80%CE shows the lowest volume shrinkage of6.11%.The thermal stress distribution of PDMS/CE/EP generated during the solidification process is simulated by the finite element analysis.The results suggested that the introduction of 80%CE into EP results in the lowest thermal stress in the blending system,which indicates that the system has the lowest volume shrinkage,which agrees well with the experimental results.

INFLUENCE OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURES OF SECONDARY AMINE TERMINATED POLY(ESTER-AMINE)S ON THE CURING PERFORMANCE WITH EPOXY RESIN

Five secondary amine terminated poly（ester-amine）s （defined as PEA） with controlled molecular structures were synthesized through reacting excessive piperazine with phthalicdiglycol diacrylate （PDDA） and 1,1,1-trimethylolpropane triacrylate （TMPTA） at a constant secondary amine/acrylate group ratio of 1.5/1 and at different PDDA/TMPTA molar ratios. Both IR and ^1H-NMR spectra indicated that all acrylate groups were consumed in the reaction, based on which the structural parameters were calculated from the ^1H-NMR spectra. With decreasing PDDA/TMPTA ratio, the content of secondary amine, degree of branching, molecular weight, Tg and Td increased accordingly. These polymers were further used as both crosslinkers and flexibilizers for a linear epoxy resin E51 to form cured films under ambient condition. The gel content, relative hardness and Tg of the resulting films increased as PEA molecules changed from linear to highly branching structures. Due to the flexibility of PEA molecules, all the films possessed excellent mechanical performance.

EFFECT OF CATALYST ON THE REACTION BETWEEN ACTIVE ESTER AND EPOXY RESIN

In this study the third amine and phosphine were selected as the catalysts of epoxy resin, the influence of these catalysts on curing reaction was observed in comparison with the former selected quadrupole onium salt and the influence of them on physical properties of solidified matter was also studied. (Author abstract) 10 Refs.

Mechanical Properties of Submicron Glass Fiber Reinforced Vinyl Ester Composite

Vinyl ester (VE) resin inherently has intrinsic brittleness due to its high cross-link density. To improve mechanical performance, micro/nano fillers are widely used to modify this matrix. In present study, glass fiber in submicron scale at low contents was added into VE to prepare submicron composite (sMC). The impact resistance of un-notched sMC degraded with the increase of sGF content while that of notched-sMC remained the unchanged. Flexural properties of sMCs also were the same with that of neat resin. The results of Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) test showed the slight increase of storage modulus and the decrease of tan delta value in the case of sMC compared to those of un-filled matrix. However, the Mode I fracture toughness of sMC improved up to 26% and 61% corresponding to 0.3 and 0.6 wt% glass fiber used. The compact tension sample test suggests that there is the delay of crack propagation under tensile cyclic load in resin reinforced by submicron glass fiber. The number of failure cycle enlarged proportionally with the increment of sGF content in matrix.

含磷POSS阻燃乙烯基酯树脂性能研究

将含磷POSS(DMPOSS)以5wt%、10wt%和15wt%的添加量添加到乙烯基酯树脂中,通过差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、热重分析(TG)、极限氧指数(LOI)、锥形量热仪和扫描电镜(SEM)测试研究了DMPOSS对乙烯基酯树脂玻璃化转变温度、热稳定性和燃烧性能的影响。DSC测试结果表明:DMPOSS的加入能够明显提升乙烯基酯树脂的玻璃化转变温度。LOI测试结果表明:添加DMPOSS改性的乙烯基酯树脂的氧指数随DMPOSS含量的增加而逐渐升高。当添加15wt%DMPOSS时,乙烯基酯树脂的氧指数达到23.8%。锥形量热仪测试结果表明:DMPOSS的加入能够有效降低乙烯基酯树脂的热释放。当添加15wt%DMPOSS时,乙烯基酯树脂的热释放速率峰值降低了44.9%,总的热释放降低了30.4%。

聚合物基陶瓷化复合材料的研究进展

聚合物基陶瓷化复合材料具有有机高分子材料和无机陶瓷的优异性能,可在高温下变成多孔结构和冲击陶瓷层,陶瓷层可阻碍热量传递,隔离可燃物与氧气的接触,因此具有很好的阻燃和耐火作用,是一种新型耐火和耐高温材料。介绍了聚合物基陶瓷化复合材料的组成及其陶瓷化机理,综述了聚合物基陶瓷化复合材料的分类,包括橡胶类陶瓷化复合材料、乙烯聚合物基陶瓷化复合材料、环氧树脂基陶瓷化复合材料、酚醛树脂基陶瓷化复合材料等。未来的研究重点主要集中在提高陶瓷填料与树脂基体的相容性、制备高效阻燃剂和高效陶瓷化体系的设计上。

氰酸酯树脂改性环氧树脂的冲击强度及介电性能

为降低制备成本,采用低含量氰酸酯(CE)增韧改性环氧(EP)树脂,制备了EP/CE共聚物。利用差示扫描量热分析仪和傅里叶变换红外光谱仪分析了EP/CE的固化过程,研究了CE用量对EP/CE冲击强度的影响,并进一步分析了EP/CE的弯曲性能、介电性能和热性能。结果表明,CE改性EP树脂的冲击强度显著提高,当CE添加质量为EP树脂的0.2时,改性效果最好,冲击强度从3.46 kJ/m^(2)增加到5.81 kJ/m^(2),同时,弯曲模量从2.71 GPa增加到3.47 GPa;常温下2~18 GHz频率范围内的介电损耗角正切值降低到0.0298附近;而玻璃化转变温度和初始分解温度稍有降低,分别为117.0℃和328.9℃。EP/CE共聚物良好的力学、介电和热性能可以拓宽EP树脂基复合材料在大批量生产工业领域的应用范围。

季戊四醇芳基膦酸酯的制备及阻燃环氧树脂作用机制

为了提高环氧树脂(EP)的阻燃性能,以传统的成炭剂季戊四醇(PER)和苯基膦酰二氯(PPDC)为原料,通过亲核取代反应成功制备了阻燃剂季戊四醇芳基膦酸酯(PBPP)。并将其引入到EP基体中,制备了阻燃EP复合材料。通过测试表明,当PBPP的质量分数为6%时,EP/PBPP6复合材料顺利获得了UL-94V-0级,极限氧指数达32.5%,且EP材料的熔滴得到了明显的抑制。热重分析表明,PBPP的引入促进了EP基体的提前降解炭化,使得EP/PBPP复合材料表面形成了致密且坚硬的炭层,其有效地在凝聚相中发挥了屏障作用,使得EP/PBPP复合材料的PHRR和THR相比于纯EP,分别降低了66.9%和50.4%。此外,PBPP在分解过程中产生的含磷自由基有效地在气相中发挥了抑制作用,使EP/PBPP复合材料的av-EHC显著降低,赋予了EP优异的火安全性能。

光固化工艺条件对乙烯基酯玻璃鳞片胶泥固化速度的影响探究

本研究以乙烯基酯树脂为基料,制备了光固化乙烯基酯玻璃鳞片胶泥。设计了光固化乙烯基酯玻璃鳞片胶泥的最佳固化条件。结果表明:引发剂种类和用量、涂膜厚度、照射光波长及照射距离均会对固化速度产生影响;当引发剂TPO添加量为1%,涂膜厚度为1000μm,照射距离为50 mm,波长为405 nm时,乙烯基酯玻璃鳞片胶泥的固化速度最快。

环氧酯改性水性丙烯酸树脂的制备及漆膜性能

为了提高丙烯酸树脂的耐水性、附着力以及耐溶剂性,以桐油酸和环氧树脂E-44为原料制备环氧酯,采用溶液聚合和自乳化工艺合成了环氧酯改性水性丙烯酸树脂,并引入氰特CY325氨基树脂制备双组分环氧酯改性水性丙烯酸树脂漆膜。利用FT-IR、1 H NMR、粒径测试等对环氧酯单体、环氧酯改性水性丙烯酸树脂的结构和性能进行表征和分析,并测试了单组分和双组分环氧酯改性水性丙烯酸树脂漆膜的硬度、光泽、吸水率、水接触角、耐溶剂性等性能。结果表明:当环氧酯用量为35%时,单/双组分漆膜综合性能达到最佳,双组分漆膜光泽(60°)达102.3,耐溶剂擦拭次数为500次,耐水性可达480 h,附着力为0级,铅笔硬度为4H,耐冲击性为50 cm。

苯基乙烯基低聚硅倍半氧烷的合成及乙烯基酯树脂复合物的性能

以苯基三甲氧基硅烷和甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷为原料,制备了苯基乙烯基低聚硅倍半氧烷(MPOSS),采用^(1)H-NMR,^(13)C-NMR,^(29)Si-NMR和MALDI-TOF-MS证明MPOSS段主体为完整的T10和T12笼型结构。将MPOSS用于乙烯基酯树脂(VER)制备了VER/MPOSS复合物,热重分析、差示扫描量热分析和力学性能测试表明,VER/MPOSS复合物的热稳定性和玻璃化转变温度随MPOSS比例增加而升高;相对于纯VER,添加20%的MPOSS后复合物的弯曲强度、弯曲模量和断裂力分别提高了203%,365%和200%,力学性能显著提升。极限氧指数、锥形量热、热重-红外等阻燃性能与机理研究表明,MPOSS促进了致密炭层的形成,阻止了有机挥发性产物的释放,降低了VER的热释放、烟释放和有毒气体释放量,增强了VER/MPOSS复合物的阻燃性能。综合认为,MPOSS同时提高了乙烯基酯树脂的力学性能、阻燃性能和综合性能。

星载低真空逸气氰酸酯树脂的制备与性能

通过在氰酸酯树脂中添加不同低含量环氧树脂AG80和催化剂苄基二甲胺(BDMA),分析了低含量环氧树脂改性氰酸酯树脂的微观结构、固化热效应、真空逸气特性、力学性能、吸水率和热失重。实验结果表明,在催化剂BDMA的作用下,当环氧树脂AG80的质量分数为5%和8%时,可以有效促进氰酸酯的固化程度,减少未固化小分子数量,进而改善氰酸酯材料的真空逸气性能。其中BADCy-1的真空逸气性能和耐湿性能达到最优,总质量损失(TML)和可凝挥发物(CVCM)分别为0.41%和0.03%,吸水率降低15%。BADCy-2的力学性能达到最优,拉伸强度和弯曲强度改善效果显著,分别提高23%和20%。同时随着环氧树脂含量的增加,材料的耐热性能有所下降。

有机硅改性胶粘剂研究进展

丙烯酸酯、环氧树脂和聚氨酯等传统胶粘剂各自存在一些缺点,限制了其在特定领域的进一步应用。通过引入有机硅对传统胶粘剂进行改性,能够获得性能更好的有机硅改性胶粘剂。综述了利用有机硅对丙烯酸酯、环氧树脂和聚氨酯等胶粘剂进行改性的研究进展。

紫外光固化复合材料综合性能分析研究

紫外光固化复合材料是一种在紫外光照射下能够迅速固化的一种新型材料,具有广泛的应用前景。该文主要对其综合性能进行分析研究。研究结果表明,该材料具有良好的光固化性、热稳定性、透明度和折射率。此外,该文还对紫外光固化复合材料的环境影响进行评估,验证该材料在生产和使用过程中对环境的影响较小,符合环保要求。

碳纤维/乙烯基酯树脂复合材料界面性能研究

采用改性上浆剂对SCF-35S-48K碳纤维上浆,分析了上浆工艺对上浆碳纤维的表面形貌和碳纤维/乙烯基酯树脂复合材料界面性能影响。复合材料的微观结构和层间剪切性能结果表明:上浆层对碳纤维起到了一定的保护作用,碳纤维表面平整、可加工性好,与树脂基体的界面黏结性好,复合材料的层间剪切强度达到68.18 MPa,比未上浆碳纤维/乙烯基酯树脂复合材料高7.56%,满足复合材料应用要求。