Prediction of the Conductance of Strong Electrolytes and the Calculation of the Ionization Constant of Weak Electrolytes in a Dilute Solution by a New Equation

In order to predict the conductance for dilute 1 1 valent electrolyte solutions, a new conductance equation was proposed based on the Onsager and Onsagar Fuoss Chen conductance equation. It has only one parameter A , which can be obtained directly from the data of ionic limiting molar conductivity Λ ∞ m, and its expression is very simple. The new equation has been verified by the experimental molar conductivities of some single strong electrolyte and mixed electrolyte solutions at 298.15 K reported in literatures. The results are in good agreement with the experimental data. Meanwhile the ionization constants of some weak electrolyte solutions were calculated by a modified equation of this new equation, and it was also found that the calculation results are in good agreement with the data in the literature.

Study on role of serum electrolyte combined with GFR evaluation equation in predicting the prognosis of severe obstructive renal injury

Objective: To study the predictive value of serum electrolyte combined with glomerular filtration rate (GFR) evaluation equation for prognosis of severe obstructive renal injury. Methods: A total of 69 patients with calculous obstructive renal impairment admitted to our hospital from May 2017 to December 2018 were selected as the research objects. Clinical data of the patients were collected, and according to the status of renal function impairment, they were divided into 37 cases of mild to moderate, 32 cases of severe, and 40 cases of health examination in the same period as the control group. The fasting serum of the subjects was separated in the morning, and the serum electrolytes and related indicators were detected by Olympus AV640 automatic biochemical analyzer, Scr-CysC GFR evaluation equation was used to calculate the GFR score of all subjects, the levels of serum sodium, potassium and GFR scores in patients with severe obstructive renal injury with different prognostic outcomes were analyzed, subject operating characteristic curve (ROC) of prognostic indicators in patients with severe obstructive renal impairment was drawn, and the prognostic values of serum Na+, K+, GFR score and their combination in patients with severe obstructive renal damage were analyzed. Results: Compared with the control group, the levels of UmAb, CysC, Scr, BUN, TC, serum sodium and potassium in mild to moderate group and severe group increased in turn, and the GFR score decreased in turn (P < 0.05). The serum sodium and potassium concentrations increased in turn and the GFR score decreased in turn at 1 month after operation (P < 0.05). Compared with the 1 day before operation, the serum sodium and potassium concentrations in mild group and severe group decreased and the GFR score increased 1 month after operation (P < 0.05). Compared with the good prognosis group, the serum sodium and potassium levels in patients with severe obstructive renal damage in the poor prognosis group increased significantly, and the GFR score decreased significantly (P<0.05). The results of ROC showed that the combined detection of Na + concentration, K+ concentration and GFR score had an AUC of 0.936 for predicting the prognosis and outcomes of patients with severe renal injury, which was significantly higher than that of the single detection (AUC of 0.796, 0.815 and 0.810, respectively). Conclusion: The serum sodium and potassium levels in patients with severe obstructive renal impairment are increased, and the GFR score is decreased. The combined detection of the three factors has certain reference value in predicting the poor prognosis of patients with severe obstructive renal impairment.

Conductivity Prediction of Sodium and Potassium Hydrogen Tartrates in Aqueous Solution at Low Concentration

An ionic conductivity prediction equation at low concentration for two acid salts is proposed taking into account the dissociation and association equilibria among ions. The salts considered are sodium and potassium hydrogen tartrates. There is no additional parameter of high order terms except for the Onsager's coefficient of limited term in the new equation. Results show a complex conductance of acidic tartrates in aqueous solution. The molar conductivities of metal ions are nearly constant such that the contributions from hydrogen and tartrate ions decrease with concentration, while the molar conductivity of bitartrate ion increases with concentration.

Promote the conductivity of solid polymer electrolyte at room temperature by constructing a dual range ionic conduction path

Poly(ethylene oxide)(PEO)is a classic matrix model for solid polymer electrolyte which can not only dissociate lithium-ions(Li^(+)),but also can conduct Li^(+) through segmental motion in long-range.However,the crystal aggregation state of PEO restricts the conduction of Li^(+) especially at room temperature.In this work,an amorphous polymer electrolyte with ethylene oxide(EO)and propylene oxide(PO)block structure(B-PEG@DMC)synthesized by the transesterification is firstly obtained,showing an ionic conductivity value of 1.1×10^(5) S/cm at room temperature(25℃).According to the molecular dynamics(MD)simulation,the PO segments would lead to an inconsecutive and hampered conduction of Li^(+),which is not beneficial to the short range conduction of Li^(+).Thus the effect of transformation of aggregation state on the improveme nt of ionic conductivity is not eno ugh,it is n ecessary to further consider the differe nt coupled behaviours of EO and PO segments with Li^(+).In this way,we blend this amorphous polymer(B-PEG@DMC)with PEO to obtain a dual range ionic conductive solid polymer electrolyte(D-SPE)with further improved ionic conductivity promoted by constructing a dual range fast ionic conduction,which eventually shows a further improved ionic conductivity value of 2.3×10^(5) S/cm at room temperature.

基于FluxNet的热传导方程反问题的求解器

热传导偏微分方程的求解是工业应用中一种重要的计算,为了解决传统的热传导方程正演运算耗时过长的问题,提出一个基于新型的网络结构FluxNet的求解器。通过热传导方程的正演运算获得关于温度场分布图以及对应的热流密度图的数据集,基于深度学习训练该数据集,建立一个具有卷积层和反卷积层的热流密度网络结构FluxNet模型。使用该求解器预测数据以及实际数据的热流密度图进行测试和验证,实验结果得出该求解器预测的热流密度结构相似度均达到90%以上,达到了工业应用需求。

Conductivity of Oxalic Acid in Aqueous Solution at Low Concentration

Oxalic acid is a weak and unsymmetrical bi-basic acid. There exist dissociation and association equilibria among the species in aqueous solution. The molar conductivity of the solution is the sum of the ionic contributions.Based on this idea, a new prediction equation of ionic conductivity was proposed at low concentration. The molar conductivities of the solution and its relevant ions were calculated respectively. The results obtained were in good agreement with those from experiments and the Quint-Viallard equation.

以脲和硫氰酸铵为主体的固体电解质的研究

制得以脲和硫氰酸铵为主体的固体电解质，其室温电导率可达到４．３５×１０－２Ｓ·ｃｍ－１，比以脲和硫脲为主体固体电解质的电导率６．８４×１０－３Ｓ·ｃｍ－１提高了一个数量级。实验发现，影响电导率的因素主要有组成、温度和高分子。ＤＴＡ表明该电解质为非晶态固熔体，其导电性质既不服从Ａｒｈｅｎｉｕｓ方程。

综放开采导水裂隙带高度预测方法

显式拉格朗日差分是８０年代才开始出现的一种新的数值分析方法，已成功地运用于边坡工程、挡土墙设计及围岩支护等方面。本文尝试将其应用于综采放顶煤条件下导水裂隙带高度的预测，结合新集矿１３０３综放工作面进行了模拟分析，根据采后覆岩应力变化特点及破坏状况确定出导水裂隙带高度。实践证明该法在导高预测方面较其它数值方法具有较大的优越性。

强电解质稀溶液电导的预测方程

Based on Onsager and Onsager-Fuoss-Chen equations of conductance,a new prediction equation is proposed for dilute electrolyte solution. It is used to predict and calculate the conductance of some single strong electrolyte solutions and their mixtures at 298.15 K. The results show good agreements with those data from literatureand they are better than those calculated with Onsager limiting equation and two-parameter Onsager-Fuoss-Chen equation. In addition,the new equation can also be used to determine the limiting molar conductivityof strong electrolyte by one-point experimental data of the molar conductivityat a certain concentration.The calculation deviation of the new equation shows a minimum value when the strength of ion in solution approaches 0.001 mol·dm^-3,hence,so long as the molar conductivity near this point is measured,the limitingmolar conductivity can be calculated conveniently and reliably by the new equation.

交替马来酸酐共聚物多缩乙二醇酯盐络合物的离子传导性

交替马来酸酐共聚物多缩乙二醇酯盐络合物的离子传导性丁黎明，林云青，周子南，王佛松（中国科学院长春应用化学研究所，长春，１３００２２）关键词高分子固体电解质，离子电导率，玻璃化转变温度，离子传输，ＶＴＦ方程１９７３年，Ｐ．Ｖ．Ｗｒｉｇｈｔ等人［１］首次...

火灾条件下电缆绝缘失效预测模型研究

通过物理模型简化方法、导热微分方程数值求解、模型输入参数确定等研究,建立了火灾条件下电缆绝缘失效预测模型,并进行模型验证试验。将电缆内部结构简化为一维三层物理模型,给出简化后电缆物理模型内部结构参数计算方法;通过基本假设构建表征电缆内部温度分布的导热微分方程式,建立以混合层热扩散系数、火场环境温度变化和电缆绝缘失效温度为输入参数的电缆绝缘失效预测模型,并给出了模型计算输入参数的确定方法;采用ZR-YJV电缆在SDR-1型电缆热辐射实验炉中开展实验,获得电缆绝缘失效温度、绝缘失效时间和环境温度变化过程;实验结果表明,预测模型计算绝缘失效时间的相对误差较小。

交替马来酸酐共聚物多缩乙二醇酯盐络合物的离子传导性（Ⅲ）

研究了交替马来酸酐共聚物多缩乙二醇酯（ＢＭ３５０）－ＬｉＢＦ４络合物的离子传导性能．实验表明：络合物的侧链玻璃化转变温度随盐含量的增加而上升电导率随盐浓度的变比而出现一极大值室温电导率最大可达４１９×１０－５Ｓ·ｃｍ－１．电导率随温度升高而增加．络合物的导电行为符合ＶＴＦ方程．无定形相中分子链热运动是离子传输的动力。

蒙脱土悬浮液体系流变性研究

研究了Na-蒙脱土和Ca-蒙脱土在不同含量下形成悬浮液体系的流变特性。试验结果表明,Na Mt和Ca Mt悬浮液体系的流变模型遵循幂律方程,且Na Mt悬浮液体系比Ca Mt具有良好的结构粘度和触变性结构。电粘作用是带电悬浮液体系具有非牛顿流体特性的一个主要因素,且悬浮体系的流变性与界面电导率和热动力学有关。蒙脱土悬浮液体系的粘性变化、结构触变性以及流变模型的建立,为评价、预测和改变涂料工艺性能提供试验依据。

无柄小叶榕耐寒性研究

采用人工模拟低温处理技术测定无柄小叶榕离体叶片在不同低温梯度胁迫下电解质渗出率的变化,并利用Logistic方程拟合其电解质渗出率的曲线,计算半致死温度(LT50)。结果表明:在低温胁迫处理过程中,随着温度的降低,电解质渗出率与处理温度呈负相关;电解质渗出率整体变化呈典型的"S"形单峰曲线;经显著性检验相关系数均在0.91以上,符合Logistic方程;通过方程拐点确定无柄小叶榕半致死温度为-3.95℃。

交替马来酸酐共聚物多缩乙二醇酯盐络合物的离子传导性（Ⅱ）

深入研究了交替马来酸酐共聚物多缩乙二醇酯（ＢＭ３５０）－ＬｉＣＦ２ＳＯ３两种碱金属盐络合物的离子传导性能。实验结果表明，室温电导率最大可达５．０８×１０^（－５）Ｓ·ｃｍ^（－１）。络合物的玻璃化转变温度随盐含量的增加而上升。电导率随盐浓度的变化而出现一极大值。电导率均随温度升高而增加。络合物的导电行为符合ＶＴＦ方程。高弹态中分子链热运动是离子传输的动力。

高分子固体电解质研究进展

评述了高分子固体电解质（ＳＰＥ）的形成、分类、应用及离子传输机理的研究，并结合有关ＳＰＥ新材料制备、ＰＥＯ／盐络合物晶体结构全测定、离子传输机理探索及电化学器件应用等方面的最新报道对ＳＰＥ未来研究方向进行展望．全文引用８４篇文献．

摩尔电导率与浓度关系模型的探讨

基于强电解质溶液摩尔电导率实验测定数据的研究 ,提出强电解质在浓度小于 0 .1 0 0 0 mol· L-1 时 ,计算在不同浓度下强电解质的摩尔电导率和极限摩尔电导率的经验方程Λm=Λ0m-α C +βC分别对 89种强电解质和 HAc、NH3 · H2 O和 n- HOOCC3 H7弱电解质的极限摩尔电导率进行计算 ,改进后关系模型的计算结果与推荐值能很好的吻合 ,总体误差小于科尔劳乌施经验方程。在电导测定应用研究中 ,简化了实验数据过程 ,结果更准确、更可靠。

垃圾土热传导特性随含水率的变化规律

为研究垃圾土的热传导特性,基于瞬态法,采用室内试验方法研究含水率、孔隙比、有机物质量分数对垃圾土导热系数的影响规律。结果表明:随着饱和度增加,导热系数增大;相同有机物含水率时孔隙比增加,导热系数减小;相同孔隙比时有机物质量分数增加,导热系数减小;饱和度从干燥状态开始增加到接近残余饱和度,导热系数增加很快;饱和度继续增加,导热系数稳定增加。

弱电解质溶液无限稀时的摩尔电导测定

通常认为 ,弱电解质溶液无限稀时的摩尔电导Λ0 不能直接测定 ,它只能通过相关强电解质溶液无限稀时的摩尔电导及离子独立移动定律计算得出 .事实上 ,通过弱电解质溶液的电导率测定 ,不仅可以确定弱电解质的电离平衡常数 ,而且可以确定弱电解质无限稀时的摩尔电导 .与此同时 。

电解质稀溶液电导的预测方法

根据Debye H櫣ｃｋｅｌ理论和Ｏｎｓａｇｅｒ理论 ,发展了一种强电解质稀溶液电导的预测方法 ,该方法适宜用于极限摩尔电导已知或未知的条件下电解质溶液摩尔电导的计算 .对大量电解质溶液的计算结果表明 ,电导预测值与实验值的一致性令人满意 ,平均误差 1 32 % .