Low temperature together with snow/freezing rain is disastrous in winter over southern China.Previous studies suggest that this is related to the sea surface temperature(SST)anomalies,especially La Nina conditions,ove...Low temperature together with snow/freezing rain is disastrous in winter over southern China.Previous studies suggest that this is related to the sea surface temperature(SST)anomalies,especially La Nina conditions,over the equatorial central–eastern Pacific Ocean(EP).In reality,however,La Nina episodes are not always accompanied by rainy/snowy/icy(CRSI)days in southern China,such as the case in winter 2020/2021.Is there any other factor that works jointly with the EP SST to affect the winter CRSI weather in southern China?To address this question,CRSI days are defined and calculated based on station observation data,and the related SST anomalies and atmospheric circulations are examined based on the Hadley Centre SST data and the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data for winters of1978/1979–2017/2018.The results indicate that the CRSI weather with more CRSI days is featured with both decreased temperature and increased winter precipitation over southern China.The SSTs over both the EP and the southeastern Indian Ocean(SIO)are closely related to the CRSI days in southern China with correlation coefficients of-0.29 and 0.39,significant at the 90%and 95%confidence levels,respectively.The SST over EP affects significantly air temperature,as revealed by previous studies,with cooler EP closely related to the deepened East Asian trough,which benefits stronger East Asian winter monsoon(EAWM)and lower air temperature in southern China.Nevertheless,this paper discovers that the SST over SIO affects precipitation of southern China,with a correlation coefficient of 0.42,significant at the 99%confidence level,with warmer SIO correlated with deepened southern branch trough(SBT)and strengthened western North Pacific anomalous anticyclone(WNPAC),favoring more water vapor convergence and enhanced precipitation in southern China.Given presence of La Ni?a in both winters,compared to the winter of 2020/2021,the winter of 2021/2022 witnessed more CRSI days,perhaps due to the warmer SIO.展开更多
The relationships between the evolution of two types of El Ni?o events and the subsurface ocean temperature anomaly(SOTA) in the equatorial Pacific are compared in this study. The results show that both types of El Ni...The relationships between the evolution of two types of El Ni?o events and the subsurface ocean temperature anomaly(SOTA) in the equatorial Pacific are compared in this study. The results show that both types of El Ni?o are negatively correlated to the SOTA in the equatorial western Pacific, but relationships are different in different phases of El Ni?o. Furthermore, the occurrence of different types of El Ni?o is related to different features of the equatorial thermocline, e.g. its zonal gradient, significant variation area, amplitude and duration of thermocline oscillation. The propagation of SOTA in the equator plays an important role during the evolution of both types of El Ni?o, but shows dramatic differences in intensity, duration and phase reverse of warm SOTA. Moreover, the pathways of SOTA signal are different between these two types of El Ni?o. The dominant pathway in the life cycle of Eastern Pacific(EP)-El Ni?o lies on the equator and to its north, but there is no loop to the south of the equator. In contrast, the dominant pathway in Central Pacific(CP)-El Ni?o is located on the equator and to its south, and the propagation signal of SOTA to the north of the equator is very weak.The relationships between the zonal wind anomalies and the two types of El Ni?o are also preliminarily discussed. It is shown that EP-El Ni?o is more likely to respond to the westerly anomalies over the equatorial central and western Pacific, while CP-El Ni?o is more likely to respond to the westerly anomalies over the equatorial western Pacific and need the cooperation of easterly anomalies over the equatorial eastern Pacific to certain extent.展开更多
基于宁夏全区范围内24个常规气象站近53 a春季降水量资料和美国气候预测中心1961-2013年Nino1＋2和Nino3.4月平均海平面温度指数资料及NCEP/NCAR北半球月平均500h Pa高度距平场再分析资料,采用经验正交函数分解（EOF）及滑动相关分析方...基于宁夏全区范围内24个常规气象站近53 a春季降水量资料和美国气候预测中心1961-2013年Nino1＋2和Nino3.4月平均海平面温度指数资料及NCEP/NCAR北半球月平均500h Pa高度距平场再分析资料,采用经验正交函数分解（EOF）及滑动相关分析方法,对宁夏逐年春季降水量的空间分布进行分型,并分析了各空间分布型的时间演变特征,进一步研究了赤道中东太平洋关键区（Nino1＋2、Nino3.4）海温是如何通过对西太平洋副高及500 h Pa中高纬大气环流的影响来影响宁夏的春季降水。结果表明：近53 a来,宁夏春季降水全区一致偏多或偏少分布型的占比超过70%,21世纪后全区降水一致偏少型明显减少;前一年夏秋季节赤道中东太平洋关键区海温与次年宁夏春季降水存在持续5~8个月的显著高相关,其中7~9月相关最显著,且相关程度逐步提高;研究发现,前一年夏秋季节,赤道中东太平洋关键区海温异常,通过海气相互作用,对次年春季北半球500 h Pa高度距平场上中高纬度大气环流的配置以及西太平洋副热带高压的位置产生明显的影响,近而影响形成次年春季宁夏降水的水汽来源以及空间分布。因此,这些前期的稳定强信号对宁夏春季降水预测具有明确的指示意义。展开更多
基于NCEP再分析资料的月平均500 h Pa高度场、NOAA月平均海温资料和山东省121个测站逐月降水资料,对1961—2015年山东省夏季降水与赤道中东太平洋海温对应关系的年代际变化进行研究。结果表明,山东省夏季降水在1970年代中期以及1980年...基于NCEP再分析资料的月平均500 h Pa高度场、NOAA月平均海温资料和山东省121个测站逐月降水资料,对1961—2015年山东省夏季降水与赤道中东太平洋海温对应关系的年代际变化进行研究。结果表明,山东省夏季降水在1970年代中期以及1980年代末、1990年代初发生了明显的转变。其中,在1970年代中期以前,山东省夏季降水量为线性减少趋势,总量偏多,而在1990年代以后,无明显变化趋势。山东省夏季降水与赤道中东太平洋前期冬季海温的关系在转变前后有明显差异:在1970年代中期之前,二者为反位相关系;1990年代之后,二者转为同位相关系。此外滑动相关结果也显示,1990年代以前,山东省夏季降水与Ni1o3区前期冬季海温为负相关关系,1990年代之后,二者为正相关关系。进一步研究发现,山东省夏季降水与西太平洋副热带高压之间的相关关系也发生了年代际变化:在前一时期,山东省夏季降水偏多年份的水汽主要来自东亚夏季风的输送;在后一时期,山东省夏季降水偏多的年份水汽主要来自El Ni1o次年夏季副热带高压西侧偏南气流的输送。展开更多
The SST anomaly of the central-eastern equatorial Pacific and the arctic sea ice anomalies of the four districts lo- cated respectively in 160°E—110°W,110°W—20°W,70°E—160°E and 20...The SST anomaly of the central-eastern equatorial Pacific and the arctic sea ice anomalies of the four districts lo- cated respectively in 160°E—110°W,110°W—20°W,70°E—160°E and 20°W—70°E are taken as five separate factors. And the relationship between each factor and the atmospheric general circulation and the climate is investigated by observational analysis and numerical experiments.It is shown that the effects of the arctic sea ice anomalies on the varia- tions of atmospheric circulation and climate are comparable to or even in some cases greater than that of EI Nino events.So one should pay much attention to the study of polar sea ice anomalies in climate research.展开更多
为评估公海自主休渔对中东太平洋赤道海域茎柔鱼资源的养护效果,根据2016年12月—2021年8月中东太平洋赤道海域我国远洋鱿钓生产统计数据,利用灰色关联等方法,对休渔前后的渔获量、捕捞努力量(作业天数)、单位捕捞努力量渔获量(catch pe...为评估公海自主休渔对中东太平洋赤道海域茎柔鱼资源的养护效果,根据2016年12月—2021年8月中东太平洋赤道海域我国远洋鱿钓生产统计数据,利用灰色关联等方法,对休渔前后的渔获量、捕捞努力量(作业天数)、单位捕捞努力量渔获量(catch per unit effort, CPUE)及作业渔场重心的时空分布进行量化分析。结果显示,休渔后(2020年12月—2021年8月)总体CPUE平均达6.34t/d,相比休渔前(2016年12月—2020年8月)增加显著(P<0.05),除渔汛初期12月外,休渔后1—8月各月CPUE均比休渔前同期有提升。灰色关联分析表明,2017—2021年各年度在经度上CPUE灰色关联度分别为0.739、0.761、0.697、0.721和0.892,在纬度上CPUE灰色关联度分别为0.656、0.799、0.621、0.721和0.803,休渔后(2021年)CPUE状况较休渔前有所好转。休渔前后的作业渔场重心有明显差异,休渔后作业渔场的重心大幅向西偏移,高产海域由休渔前的114°W~118°W扩大为休渔后的95°W~118°W。研究表明,为期3个月的公海自主休渔对中东太平洋赤道海域茎柔鱼资源的养护和可持续利用起到了积极的作用,研究为短生命周期种类的渔业资源管理和科学养护提供了成功案例和实践经验。展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42088101)Joint Open Project of KLME&CIC-FEMD,NUIST(KLME202212)。
文摘Low temperature together with snow/freezing rain is disastrous in winter over southern China.Previous studies suggest that this is related to the sea surface temperature(SST)anomalies,especially La Nina conditions,over the equatorial central–eastern Pacific Ocean(EP).In reality,however,La Nina episodes are not always accompanied by rainy/snowy/icy(CRSI)days in southern China,such as the case in winter 2020/2021.Is there any other factor that works jointly with the EP SST to affect the winter CRSI weather in southern China?To address this question,CRSI days are defined and calculated based on station observation data,and the related SST anomalies and atmospheric circulations are examined based on the Hadley Centre SST data and the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data for winters of1978/1979–2017/2018.The results indicate that the CRSI weather with more CRSI days is featured with both decreased temperature and increased winter precipitation over southern China.The SSTs over both the EP and the southeastern Indian Ocean(SIO)are closely related to the CRSI days in southern China with correlation coefficients of-0.29 and 0.39,significant at the 90%and 95%confidence levels,respectively.The SST over EP affects significantly air temperature,as revealed by previous studies,with cooler EP closely related to the deepened East Asian trough,which benefits stronger East Asian winter monsoon(EAWM)and lower air temperature in southern China.Nevertheless,this paper discovers that the SST over SIO affects precipitation of southern China,with a correlation coefficient of 0.42,significant at the 99%confidence level,with warmer SIO correlated with deepened southern branch trough(SBT)and strengthened western North Pacific anomalous anticyclone(WNPAC),favoring more water vapor convergence and enhanced precipitation in southern China.Given presence of La Ni?a in both winters,compared to the winter of 2020/2021,the winter of 2021/2022 witnessed more CRSI days,perhaps due to the warmer SIO.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2013CB956203)
文摘The relationships between the evolution of two types of El Ni?o events and the subsurface ocean temperature anomaly(SOTA) in the equatorial Pacific are compared in this study. The results show that both types of El Ni?o are negatively correlated to the SOTA in the equatorial western Pacific, but relationships are different in different phases of El Ni?o. Furthermore, the occurrence of different types of El Ni?o is related to different features of the equatorial thermocline, e.g. its zonal gradient, significant variation area, amplitude and duration of thermocline oscillation. The propagation of SOTA in the equator plays an important role during the evolution of both types of El Ni?o, but shows dramatic differences in intensity, duration and phase reverse of warm SOTA. Moreover, the pathways of SOTA signal are different between these two types of El Ni?o. The dominant pathway in the life cycle of Eastern Pacific(EP)-El Ni?o lies on the equator and to its north, but there is no loop to the south of the equator. In contrast, the dominant pathway in Central Pacific(CP)-El Ni?o is located on the equator and to its south, and the propagation signal of SOTA to the north of the equator is very weak.The relationships between the zonal wind anomalies and the two types of El Ni?o are also preliminarily discussed. It is shown that EP-El Ni?o is more likely to respond to the westerly anomalies over the equatorial central and western Pacific, while CP-El Ni?o is more likely to respond to the westerly anomalies over the equatorial western Pacific and need the cooperation of easterly anomalies over the equatorial eastern Pacific to certain extent.
文摘基于宁夏全区范围内24个常规气象站近53 a春季降水量资料和美国气候预测中心1961-2013年Nino1＋2和Nino3.4月平均海平面温度指数资料及NCEP/NCAR北半球月平均500h Pa高度距平场再分析资料,采用经验正交函数分解（EOF）及滑动相关分析方法,对宁夏逐年春季降水量的空间分布进行分型,并分析了各空间分布型的时间演变特征,进一步研究了赤道中东太平洋关键区（Nino1＋2、Nino3.4）海温是如何通过对西太平洋副高及500 h Pa中高纬大气环流的影响来影响宁夏的春季降水。结果表明：近53 a来,宁夏春季降水全区一致偏多或偏少分布型的占比超过70%,21世纪后全区降水一致偏少型明显减少;前一年夏秋季节赤道中东太平洋关键区海温与次年宁夏春季降水存在持续5~8个月的显著高相关,其中7~9月相关最显著,且相关程度逐步提高;研究发现,前一年夏秋季节,赤道中东太平洋关键区海温异常,通过海气相互作用,对次年春季北半球500 h Pa高度距平场上中高纬度大气环流的配置以及西太平洋副热带高压的位置产生明显的影响,近而影响形成次年春季宁夏降水的水汽来源以及空间分布。因此,这些前期的稳定强信号对宁夏春季降水预测具有明确的指示意义。
文摘基于NCEP再分析资料的月平均500 h Pa高度场、NOAA月平均海温资料和山东省121个测站逐月降水资料,对1961—2015年山东省夏季降水与赤道中东太平洋海温对应关系的年代际变化进行研究。结果表明,山东省夏季降水在1970年代中期以及1980年代末、1990年代初发生了明显的转变。其中,在1970年代中期以前,山东省夏季降水量为线性减少趋势,总量偏多,而在1990年代以后,无明显变化趋势。山东省夏季降水与赤道中东太平洋前期冬季海温的关系在转变前后有明显差异:在1970年代中期之前,二者为反位相关系;1990年代之后,二者转为同位相关系。此外滑动相关结果也显示,1990年代以前,山东省夏季降水与Ni1o3区前期冬季海温为负相关关系,1990年代之后,二者为正相关关系。进一步研究发现,山东省夏季降水与西太平洋副热带高压之间的相关关系也发生了年代际变化:在前一时期,山东省夏季降水偏多年份的水汽主要来自东亚夏季风的输送;在后一时期,山东省夏季降水偏多的年份水汽主要来自El Ni1o次年夏季副热带高压西侧偏南气流的输送。
文摘The SST anomaly of the central-eastern equatorial Pacific and the arctic sea ice anomalies of the four districts lo- cated respectively in 160°E—110°W,110°W—20°W,70°E—160°E and 20°W—70°E are taken as five separate factors. And the relationship between each factor and the atmospheric general circulation and the climate is investigated by observational analysis and numerical experiments.It is shown that the effects of the arctic sea ice anomalies on the varia- tions of atmospheric circulation and climate are comparable to or even in some cases greater than that of EI Nino events.So one should pay much attention to the study of polar sea ice anomalies in climate research.
文摘为评估公海自主休渔对中东太平洋赤道海域茎柔鱼资源的养护效果,根据2016年12月—2021年8月中东太平洋赤道海域我国远洋鱿钓生产统计数据,利用灰色关联等方法,对休渔前后的渔获量、捕捞努力量(作业天数)、单位捕捞努力量渔获量(catch per unit effort, CPUE)及作业渔场重心的时空分布进行量化分析。结果显示,休渔后(2020年12月—2021年8月)总体CPUE平均达6.34t/d,相比休渔前(2016年12月—2020年8月)增加显著(P<0.05),除渔汛初期12月外,休渔后1—8月各月CPUE均比休渔前同期有提升。灰色关联分析表明,2017—2021年各年度在经度上CPUE灰色关联度分别为0.739、0.761、0.697、0.721和0.892,在纬度上CPUE灰色关联度分别为0.656、0.799、0.621、0.721和0.803,休渔后(2021年)CPUE状况较休渔前有所好转。休渔前后的作业渔场重心有明显差异,休渔后作业渔场的重心大幅向西偏移,高产海域由休渔前的114°W~118°W扩大为休渔后的95°W~118°W。研究表明,为期3个月的公海自主休渔对中东太平洋赤道海域茎柔鱼资源的养护和可持续利用起到了积极的作用,研究为短生命周期种类的渔业资源管理和科学养护提供了成功案例和实践经验。
