Diffusion dynamics in external noise-activated non-equilibrium open system-reservoir coupling environment

The diffusion process in an external noise-activated non-equilibrium open system–reservoir coupling environment is studied by analytically solving the generalized Langevin equation. The dynamical property of the system near the barrier top is investigated in detail by numerically calculating the quantities such as mean diffusion path, invariance, barrier passing probability, and so on. It is found that, comparing with the unfavorable effect of internal fluctuations, the external noise activation is sometimes beneficial to the diffusion process. An optimal strength of external activation or correlation time of the internal fluctuation is expected for the diffusing particle to have a maximal probability to escape from the potential well.

Theil Utility Based Multi-Device Cooperation Mechanism for Service Quality Equilibrium in Ubiquitous Stub Environments

An approach to make heterogeneous devices cooperate with each other to provide ubiquitous service remains a longstanding challenge in ubiquitous environments. In addition, when multi-user request ubiquitous services simultaneously, the arbitrariness in resource allocation process easily leads to non-equilibrium of qualities of multiuser's services. Thus, How to design an effective heterogeneous devices cooperation mechanism that meet the QoS requirements and also equilibrate QoS among multi-user's services becomes a very tough problem. In the paper, Equilibrium Index and Theil Utility function are imported to establish a multidevice equilibrium cooperation model, which is benefit for resource allocation in ubiquitous environments. Then a Theil-Equilibrium based Cooperation Mechanism for multi-service is proposed. Firstly, in order to simplify calculating, a dimensionless processing is introduced. After that, a cooperation approach with Theil-Utility Heuristic algorithm is designed to choose the best solution for the simplified model. At last, the mechanism is simulated in a smart home scenario. The simulation results show that this mechanism outperforms non-equilibrium method by improving almost 40% in internal equilibrium with just reducing 0-2% in the total utility ofall the requested ubiquitous services. These data show that the proposed mechanism performs well in equilibrating qualities of multi-user's ubiquitous services.

Disposal of high level nuclear wastes:Thermodynamic equilibrium and environment ethics

Contamination of soil, water or air, due to a failure of containment or disposal of high level nuclear wastes, can potentially cause serious hazards to the environment or human health. Essential elements of the environment and radioactivity dangers to it are illustrated. Issues of high level nuclear waste disposal are discussed with a focus on thermodynamic equilibrium and environment ethics. Major aspects of the issues are analyzed and described briefly to build a perception of risks involved and ethical implications. Nuclear waste containment repository should be as close as possible to thermodynamic equilibrium. A clear demonstration about safety aspects of nuclear waste management is required in gaining public and political confidence in any possible scheme of permanent disposal. Disposal of high level nuclear waste offers a spectrum of environment connected challenges and a long term future of nuclear power depends on the environment friendly solution of the problem of nuclear wastes.

Discussion on the Non-Equilibrium Phase of the Gliding Arc Plasma Driven by the Transverse Magnetic Field

a gliding arc driven by the transverse magnetic field was ignited between the electrodes with a complicated shape at atmospheric pressure and a non-equilibrium plasma was gencrated. Under our experimental conditions, a phenomenon was clearly observed where the arc power decreased with the increase in arc voltage. As the arc voltage was higher than 3.375 kV, the are power acquired from the power supply decreased, and the arc plasma began to switch to a non-equilibrium phase. The existence of the non-equilibrium arc plasma was very short, about 10 ms in one gliding arc discharge cycle.

Coherent Application of a Contact Structure to Formulate Classical Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics

This contribution presents an outline of a new mathematical formulation for Classical Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics (CNET) based on a contact structure in differential geometry. First a non-equilibrium state space is introduced as the third key element besides the first and second law of thermodynamics. This state space provides the mathematical structure to generalize the Gibbs fundamental relation to non-equilibrium thermodynamics. A unique formulation for the second law of thermodynamics is postulated and it showed how the complying concept for non-equilibrium entropy is retrieved. The foundation of this formulation is a physical quantity, which is in non-equilibrium thermodynamics nowhere equal to zero. This is another perspective compared to the inequality, which is used in most other formulations in the literature. Based on this mathematical framework, it is proven that the thermodynamic potential is defined by the Gibbs free energy. The set of conjugated coordinates in the mathematical structure for the Gibbs fundamental relation will be identified for single component, closed systems. Only in the final section of this contribution will the equilibrium constraint be introduced and applied to obtain some familiar formulations for classical (equilibrium) thermodynamics.

Stability Analysis of Bubonic Plague Model with the Causing Pathogen Yersinia pestis in the Environment

Bubonic plague is a serious bacterial disease, mainly transmitted to human beings and rodents through flea bite. However, the disease may also be transmitted upon the interaction with the infected materials or surfaces in the environment. In this study, a deterministic model for bubonic plague disease with Yersinia pestis in the environment is developed and analyzed. Conditions for existence and stability of the equilibrium points are established. Using Jacobian method disease free equilibrium (DFE) point, E0 was proved to be locally asymptotically stable. The Metzler matrix method was used to prove that the DFE was globally asymptotically stable when R0 < 1. By applying Lyapunov stability theory and La Salles invariant principle, we prove that the endemic equilibrium point of system is globally asymptotically stable when R0 > 1. Numerical simulations are done to verify the analytical predictions. The results show that bubonic plague can effectively be controlled or even be eradicated if efforts are made to ensure that there are effective and timely control strategies.

Nano-Electronic Simulation Software (NESS): A Novel Open-Source TCAD Simulation Environment

This paper presents the latest status of the open source advanced TCAD simulator called Nano-Electronic Simulation Software(NESS)which is currently under development at the Device Modeling Group of the University of Glasgow.NESS is designed with the main aim to provide an open,flexible,and easy to use simulation environment where users are able not only to perform numerical simulations but also to develop and implement new simulation methods and models.Currently,NESS is organized into two main components:the structure generator and a collection of different numerical solvers;which are linked to supporting components such as an effective mass extractor and materials database.This paper gives a brief overview of each of the components by describing their main capabilities,structure,and theory behind each one of them.Moreover,to illustrate the capabilities of each component,here we have given examples considering various device structures,architectures,materials,etc.at multiple simulation conditions.We expect that NESS will prove to be a great tool for both conventional as well as exploratory device research programs and projects.

A Generalized Statement of Highest-Entropy Principle for Stable Equilibrium and Non-Equilibrium in Many-Particle Systems

Among all statements of Second Law, the existence and uniqueness of stable equilibrium, for each given value of energy content and composition of constituents of any system, have been adopted to define thermodynamic entropy by means of the impossibility of Perpetual Motion Machine of the Second Kind (PMM2) which is a consequence of the Second Law. Equality of temperature, chemical potential and pressure in many-particle systems are proved to be necessary conditions for the stable equilibrium. The proofs assume the stable equilibrium and derive, by means of the Highest-Entropy Principle, equality of temperature, chemical potential and pressure as a consequence. A first novelty of the present research is to demonstrate that equality is also a sufficient condition, in addition to necessity, for stable equilibrium implying that stable equilibrium is a condition also necessary, in addition to sufficiency, for equality of temperature potential and pressure addressed to as generalized potential. The second novelty is that the proof of sufficiency of equality, or necessity of stable equilibrium, is achieved by means of a generalization of entropy property, derived from a generalized definition of exergy, both being state and additive properties accounting for heat, mass and work interactions of the system underpinning the definition of Highest-Generalized-Entropy Principle adopted in the proof.

到达环境可变的M/M/1排队系统

文章在经典的M/M/1排队系统模型下增加了一个可变环境因素,即顾客的到达环境A、B可以相互转化,到达时间参数将与环境同变化,利用拉普拉斯变换求环境A、B的瞬时概率,再利用概率母函数得出系统的队长分布、等待队长分布和平均队长.

我国农村人居环境治理政策的变迁路径及其动力机制——基于间断—均衡理论的解释

为明晰我国农村人居环境治理政策的变迁路径与内在逻辑,文章以1949至2022年中央层面颁布的194份政策文本为数据基础,运用间断—均衡理论模型并辅之以政策文献计量方法,将农村人居环境治理政策变迁划分为3个均衡期和2个间断期,剖析政策变迁的动力因素。研究发现:我国农村人居环境治理政策经历了群众健康安全保障→基本生活条件改善→村容整洁→美丽宜居乡村建设的变迁。在中央决策主体注意力转移自上而下推动与焦点事件自下而上驱动共同作用下诱发政策图景变革和政策场域开放,环境治理与经济发展辩证关系的转变也对政策变迁起到重要作用,集中显现为均衡调适与突变革新相交替的非线性演进逻辑。研究验证了间断—均衡理论对我国农村人居环境治理政策研究的适用性和本土化路径,并对未来农村人居环境治理政策发展提出展望。

冲压车间零碳建筑理论与应用分析

当前,环境保护已成为社会发展的主要目标,零碳建筑已成为世界建筑领域的主要发展方向。零碳建筑业是指在建筑的整个生命周期中尽可能节约能源、水和材料。在为人们提供舒适、健康、便捷的使用空间的同时,最大限度地保护环境、节约能源。零碳建筑的概念有不同的表达方式,但其基本内涵是表达人、建筑和环境之间的和谐关系,即建筑在建设和使用过程中必须节约能源、资源和环境污染;要求人们利用自然条件和技术手段创造良好健康的生活环境,同时尽可能控制和减少对自然环境的过度利用和破坏,保持生态环境与人类对自然的需求和回归之间的动态平衡。我们应该充分利用太阳能和风能,尽可能地节约化石能源。

Steady bipartite coherence induced by non-equilibrium environment

We study the steady state of two coupled two-level atoms interacting with a non-equilibrium environment that consists of two heat baths at different temperatures. Specifically, we analyze four cases with respect to the configuration about the interactions between atoms and heat baths. Using secular approximation, the conventional master equation usually neglects steady-state coherence,even when the system is coupled with a non-equilibrium environment. When employing the master equation with no secular approximation, we find that the system coherence in our model, denoted by the off-diagonal terms in the reduced density matrix spanned by the eigenvectors of the system Hamiltonian, would survive after a long-time decoherence evolution. The absolute value of residual coherence in the system relies on different configurations of interaction channels between the system and the heat baths. We find that a large steady quantum coherence term can be achieved when the two atoms are resonant. The absolute value of quantum coherence decreases in the presence of additional atom-bath interaction channels. Our work sheds new light on the mechanism of steady-state coherence in microscopic quantum systems in non-equilibrium environments.

The Equilibrium Coefficient Kp and Petroleum Exploration:Design of the New Generation of Petroleum Exploration Instrument

The main reason why the application of nuclear technology in petroleum exploration has not yet been accepted by most exploration workers is that they are not clear about the homologous distribution features of oil and gas fields and radioactive radiation. The authors hold that the disequilibrium of uranium, radium and radon as a natural radioactive series is the basic feature in the use of this technology in petroleum exploration. The invention Gamma-ray Spectral Measurement of the Equilibium Coefficient Kp and Its Embodiment of the senior author now can readily solve that problem and replace the impedient measure of normalization of uranium and potassium to thorium that had to be proposed before. Application of this impedient measure has some limitations. In areas where the surface is covered by beach or river sands, thorium minerals such as monazite may be concentrated by placering. This could result in local thorium highs that would yield local uranium and potassium lows after normalization to thorium, and these would constitute false anomalies.

Energy consideration in processes of transition to equilibrium state

A calculation of the energy loss due to a transition from non-equilibrium to equilibrium state is given. Three different physical systems are considered in this study: connecting an uncharged capacitor to a charged capacitor, emission of a photon from an excited atom, and releasing an object from a compressed spring. In this study, it is shown that a specific fraction of the total energy stored in a non-equilibrium system should be consumed to reach the equilibrium state.

基于S3-YOLOv5s的矿井人员防护设备检测算法研究

针对复杂矿井环境下光照度低、目标尺度变化大、目标间遮挡严重,现有的目标检测网络特征提取困难、检测效果差等问题,提出了改进的S3-YOLOv5s的矿井人员防护设备检测算法。在主干网络中加入无参注意力模块(SimAM),提升网络的特征提取能力;引入尺度均衡特征金字塔卷积,加强多尺度特征融合;最后采用SIoU作为边框回归损失函数并使用K-means++算法进行先验锚框聚类,提高边框检测精度。实验表明,相比现有的YOLOv5s算法,所提算法在所有类别的平均检测精确度从89.64%提升到了92.86%,在复杂矿井环境条件下对人员防护设备有优良的检测能力,验证了所提方法的有效性。

非平衡环境下相干对量子电池存储能的影响

量子电池是一类储能量子器件,在量子传感、分子马达等众多量子小系统中具有重要的应用前景。基于碰撞模型框架,研究了单量子比特电池在非平衡相干环境下充电时,环境相干对电池稳态存储能的影响。通过推导系统演化的量子主方程,解析给出量子电池的稳态存储能,进而分析了构成非平衡环境中的压缩相干与热交换相干对电池存储能的影响。研究表明:环境辅助单元中的压缩相干对储能无贡献,而热交换相干(包括相干强度和相对相位)则能够有效提升电池的存储能,可视作一类有用的电池“燃料”资源。

粮食主产区省份统筹安全与高质量发展路径研究——基于可计算一般均衡模型的政策模拟

我国粮食安全面临“谷物基本自给,大豆依赖进口”的形势,但随着我国居民健康营养状况改善的要求,膳食品种多样和营养水平不断提升,大豆在我国粮食安全中的地位将不断上升。基于此,我国具备在相应自然社会条件的粮食主产区省份进行粮食种植结构调整的条件。可使用改进的一般均衡模型,从水资源刚性约束的视角对黑龙江、吉林、辽宁的统筹粮食安全与区域高质量发展进行政策模拟。结果显示:针对国家粮食安全中的薄弱环节,仅通过调整种植结构进行应对时,若黑龙江降低水稻和玉米种植、扩增大豆种植,其社会经济冲击有限,能源产出微小下降,全社会耗水量将降低;若吉林降低玉米种植、扩增大豆及水稻种植,其社会经济将改善,能源产出将增加,但整体用水量亦增加;若辽宁降低玉米种植、扩增大豆种植,其社会经济、耗水量和能源产出都将呈现降低趋势。据此提出政策建议:通过调整种植结构来保障粮食安全时,应注意“水资源—能源—粮食—经济”的统筹协调,防止水资源的刚性约束阻碍区域高质量发展,同时要坚持节水优先,统筹好粮食主产区的粮食生产和资源环境保护。

矿山地质环境治理项目主体演化博弈及利益协调

为研究矿山地质环境治理PPP项目运营过程中各主体利益冲突的形成机理,采用博弈论构建地方政府、企业、公众三方的演化博弈模型,建立收益矩阵,利用复制动态方程原理和李雅普洛夫稳定性理论对模型进行求解分析,研究各主体策略稳定的条件和博弈系统稳定条件,运用Matlab对博弈过程进行数值仿真分析,研究上级部门对地方政府的罚款、地方政府对企业的奖励系数以及对公众的补偿系数等参数变化对主体策略选择的影响。结果表明:地方政府的决策很大程度影响企业、公众策略的选择;对公众参与监督的奖励大于监督成本时,是否参与监督取决于监督成本与地方政府补偿款大小的比较。可从督促地方政府履职尽责、制定合适的奖惩制度、完善公众监督渠道等方面促进矿山地质环境治理项目健康可持续发展。

热环境中超临界黏弹性输流管道自由振动分析

基于Euler-Bernoulli梁模型,本文研究了热环境中输流管道在超临界范围内流固耦合自由振动特性.考虑温度增量以及初始轴向拉力作用,在两端简支边界条件下,利用广义Hamilton原理建立输流管道横向振动偏微分-积分控制方程.通过解析方法得到输流管道非平凡静平衡位形及临界流速精确表达式,与微分求积单元法(DQEM)数值结果吻合较好.基于复模态法,结合伽辽金(Galerkin)法离散系统偏微分-积分控制方程,得到热环境下超临界输流管道的模态函数和固有频率.结果表明,温度增量越大,临界流速越小,此时的管道越容易屈曲,但相同流速下超临界管道固有频率越大;初始拉力越大,临界流速越大,相同流速下超临界固有频率越小.该研究可以为热环境中超临界状态下的管道系统振动设计提供理论指导.

露天煤矿开采生态环境污染防治关键技术研究

为解决露天煤矿开采造成生态环境污染、生态失衡、资源不可持续发展等问题,重点考虑大气污染和生态水污染的防治关键技术。分析土层剥落、爆破、机械车辆挖掘运输等过程产生的大气污染,拆分每个开采环节中对应的污染源,针对性防治每种污染因素,利用普湿装置对作业场地实施抑尘,凭借合理的炮孔网度和微差爆破,结合封堵炮孔,对预爆区域洒水湿润处理,在爆破废土时对矿岩喷水,适当降低铲斗车辆装卸高度;建立污水处理站,采用化学预沉器和液压自动过滤器等专用设备,废水处理后给洗煤用水二次利用。经实验表明,所提防治技术可有效防治露天煤矿开采造成的污染,还能恢复一部分生态环境平衡。