Fiscal Policy Effect Analysis Based on Agents Response Equilibrium (ARE) Model

Agents response equilibrium (ARE) model has been taken advantage of to build a multi-agent system for analyzing fiscal policy effect. Through establishing various types of economic entities and endowing them with abilities to react and make decision, the whole system will evolve to new conditions in response to policy change. Compared with different scenarios, it can be concluded that when raising taxation ratio, sectoral scale will shrink to some extent. But supported by government expenditure, certain sectors could be kept in comparatively larger production scale.

Non-Cooperative Differential Game Based Energy Consumption Control for Dynamic Demand Response in Smart Grid

In this paper, we conduct research on the dynamic demand response problem in smart grid to control the energy consumption. The objective of the energy consumption control is constructed based on differential game, as the dynamic of each users’ energy state in smart gird can be described based on a differential equation. Concept of electricity sharing is introduced to achieve load shift of main users from the high price hours to the low price hours. Nash equilibrium is given based on the Hamilton equation and the effectiveness of the proposed model is verified based on the numerical simulation results.

Discussion on the Non-Equilibrium Phase of the Gliding Arc Plasma Driven by the Transverse Magnetic Field

a gliding arc driven by the transverse magnetic field was ignited between the electrodes with a complicated shape at atmospheric pressure and a non-equilibrium plasma was gencrated. Under our experimental conditions, a phenomenon was clearly observed where the arc power decreased with the increase in arc voltage. As the arc voltage was higher than 3.375 kV, the are power acquired from the power supply decreased, and the arc plasma began to switch to a non-equilibrium phase. The existence of the non-equilibrium arc plasma was very short, about 10 ms in one gliding arc discharge cycle.

Best Response Analysis in Two Person Quantum Games

In this paper, we find particular use for a maximally entangled initial state that produces a quantized version of two player two strategy games. When applied to a variant of the well-known game of Chicken, our construction shows the existence of new Nash equilibria with the players receiving better payoffs than those found in literature.

Coherent Application of a Contact Structure to Formulate Classical Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics

This contribution presents an outline of a new mathematical formulation for Classical Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics (CNET) based on a contact structure in differential geometry. First a non-equilibrium state space is introduced as the third key element besides the first and second law of thermodynamics. This state space provides the mathematical structure to generalize the Gibbs fundamental relation to non-equilibrium thermodynamics. A unique formulation for the second law of thermodynamics is postulated and it showed how the complying concept for non-equilibrium entropy is retrieved. The foundation of this formulation is a physical quantity, which is in non-equilibrium thermodynamics nowhere equal to zero. This is another perspective compared to the inequality, which is used in most other formulations in the literature. Based on this mathematical framework, it is proven that the thermodynamic potential is defined by the Gibbs free energy. The set of conjugated coordinates in the mathematical structure for the Gibbs fundamental relation will be identified for single component, closed systems. Only in the final section of this contribution will the equilibrium constraint be introduced and applied to obtain some familiar formulations for classical (equilibrium) thermodynamics.

Dynamic Analysis of a Predator-Prey Model with Holling-II Functional Response

A predator-prey model with linear capture term Holling-II functional response was studied by using differential equation theory. The existence and the stabilities of non-negative equilibrium points of the model were discussed. The results show that under certain limited conditions, these two groups can maintain a balanced position, which provides a theoretical reference for relevant departments to make decisions on ecological protection.

A Generalized Statement of Highest-Entropy Principle for Stable Equilibrium and Non-Equilibrium in Many-Particle Systems

Among all statements of Second Law, the existence and uniqueness of stable equilibrium, for each given value of energy content and composition of constituents of any system, have been adopted to define thermodynamic entropy by means of the impossibility of Perpetual Motion Machine of the Second Kind (PMM2) which is a consequence of the Second Law. Equality of temperature, chemical potential and pressure in many-particle systems are proved to be necessary conditions for the stable equilibrium. The proofs assume the stable equilibrium and derive, by means of the Highest-Entropy Principle, equality of temperature, chemical potential and pressure as a consequence. A first novelty of the present research is to demonstrate that equality is also a sufficient condition, in addition to necessity, for stable equilibrium implying that stable equilibrium is a condition also necessary, in addition to sufficiency, for equality of temperature potential and pressure addressed to as generalized potential. The second novelty is that the proof of sufficiency of equality, or necessity of stable equilibrium, is achieved by means of a generalization of entropy property, derived from a generalized definition of exergy, both being state and additive properties accounting for heat, mass and work interactions of the system underpinning the definition of Highest-Generalized-Entropy Principle adopted in the proof.

Simulation of MEG Packed Distillation Column Using an Equilibrium Stage Model-Case Study on Operating Parameters of Farsa Petrochemical Company： Assaluyeh-lran

Two types of equilibrium and non-equilibrium stage models are generally used to simulate the mass transfer of packed distillation column. Using non-equilibrium model requires the calculation of mass transfer coefficients, thus, usually equilibrium-based methods are preferred to be used for simulations of distillation columns. In this paper, packed column distillation of production of Mono Ethylene Glycol in FARSA SHIMI Company （Assaluyeh-Iran）＇s Ethylene Glycol portion has been simulated through using the equilibrium model and solving the related equations. The simulation has been carried out in the MATLAB environment. The column also has been simulated in the Aspen Hysys and Aspen Plus ver. 2006.5 environments. Then, the output has been compared with software results, designing and operating data of the underlying columns which demonstrate good consistency with the model. Having the model validated, the effect of some operating parameters has been analyzed through the model.

Energy consideration in processes of transition to equilibrium state

A calculation of the energy loss due to a transition from non-equilibrium to equilibrium state is given. Three different physical systems are considered in this study: connecting an uncharged capacitor to a charged capacitor, emission of a photon from an excited atom, and releasing an object from a compressed spring. In this study, it is shown that a specific fraction of the total energy stored in a non-equilibrium system should be consumed to reach the equilibrium state.

Research on Motivation of Corporate Social Responsibility Based on Game Theory

The negative externalities of businesses brought serious social and environmental problems. Based on externality theory and game theory, the author in-depth analyzes intrinsic motivation of corporate social responsibility, and points out that corporate social responsibility will increase production costs, so companies will not take the initiative to raise the level of social responsibility. Through the analysis of corporate social responsibility profits, the paper reveals that if the government lack reasonable system to regulate corporate behavior, then the In＇m, pursuiting maximizing profit, will choose the Nash equilibrium ofconsumpting public resources, and not take the initiative to fulfill their social responsibility to seek the Pareto equilibrium of the whole regional optimal, which results in high output and low returns. The research finds that the government should strengthen the publicity of corporate social responsibility, privatization of corporate social responsibility benefits and establishment of corporate social responsibility system and other means to guide and standardize the corporate social responsihility.

EQUILIBRIUM COASTAL PROFILES:Ⅱ. EVIDENCE FROM EOF ANALYSIS

The validity of the concept of coastal equilibritun depends upon a pnd of the ekistence of equilibrium. In addition, the methods of calculating the actual equilibrium profile and the response time are rempred. This study evaluates equilibriuzn conditions using evidence from EOF (empirical orthogonal function) analysis of the coased profile data (bed slopes and associated elevations) obtained from Poole and Christchurch Bays, southem England. The preliminary results show tha the larges eigenvalue is much greater than the other eigenvalues and the temporally-related eigenfunction is staionary;thes observation implies the existence of wilibrium. Further, the spatially-related eigenfunction associated with the largest eigenvalue is used to calculate the actual beach profile at equilibrium. Although the temporal eigenfopction may nuctuate, it recovers rapidly, indicating tha the response time is short. However, further studies are required to determine the response hme accurately.

面向系统灵活性提升的大用户激励型需求响应优化策略

针对大规模可再生能源接入电力系统所导致的灵活爬坡产品(FRP)需求激增问题,提出一种大用户激励型需求响应(DR)策略,为独立系统运营商(ISO)获取需求侧灵活性资源提供有效途径。采用用户需求管理行为模型(CDMBM),估计能够反映DR行为差异化的用户响应成本函数;构建ISO与多个大用户之间的激励型DR主从博弈模型,以ISO为决策主体的电能与FRP联合出清优化模型作为上层模型,以大用户参与联合市场DR决策的优化模型作为下层模型,通过将主从博弈问题转换为带均衡约束的数学优化问题,求解博弈均衡解进而得到具有差异化的用户DR单位补偿费用。通过算例分析,验证了所提策略的有效性。

考虑负荷时空均衡和弹性响应的电动汽车快充电价定价策略

为了引导电动汽车有序充电,提出了一种考虑负荷时空均衡和弹性响应的电动汽车快充电价定价策略。引入交通流理论描述交通路网,建立电动汽车快充负荷时空分布模型;考虑配电网调度和电动汽车快充负荷的弹性需求,构建源-荷互动下的快充电价定价架构,并基于潮流追踪法从时空双维度推导快充电价的计算方法;在此基础上,计及电动汽车负荷弹性响应特性,以提升配电网的负荷均衡性为目标,建立快充电价定价策略,并通过迭代算法求解该定价策略。算例仿真结果表明,所提定价策略能够有效引导电动汽车进行有序快充,激励电动汽车用户与配电网友好互动,提升负荷的时空分布均衡性。

Performance Improvement of Two-Phase Steam Ejector based on CFD Techniques,Response Surface Methodology and Genetic Algorithm

The steam ejector is a crucial component in the waste heat recovery system.Its performance determines the amount of recovered heat and system efficiency.However,poor ejector performance has always been the main bottleneck for system applications.Therefore,this study proposes an optimization methodology to improve the steam ejector's performance by utilizing computational fluid dynamics(CFD) techniques,response surface methodology(RSM),and genetic algorithm(GA).Firstly,a homogeneous equilibrium model(HEM) was established to simulate the two-phase flow in the steam ejector.Then,the orthogonal test was presented to the screening of the key decision variables that have a significant impact on the entrainment ratio(ER).Next,the RSM was used to fit a response surface regression model(RSRM).Meanwhile,the effect of the interaction of geometric parameters on the performance of the steam ejector was revealed.Finally,GA was employed to solve the RSRM's global optimal ER value.The results show that the RSRM exhibits a good fit for ER(R^(2)=0.997).After RSM and GA optimization,the maximum ejector efficiency is 27.94%,which is 48.38% higher than the initial ejector of 18.83%.Furthermore,the optimized ejector efficiency is increased by 46.4% on average under off-design conditions.Overall,the results reveal that the combination of CFD,RSM,and GA presents excellent reliability and feasibility in the optimization design of a two-phase steam ejector.

一类具有收获的共享资源型捕食-食饵模型的建立与分析

本文建立了一类具有线性收获率及Holling Ⅱ型功能反应函数的共享资源型捕食-食饵模型,分析了该系统平衡点的存在性与稳定性。系统可能存在无食饵种群的平衡点,无捕食者种群的平衡点以及正平衡点,通过定性分析得到无食饵种群的平衡点在不同的条件下可以是稳定的平衡点、鞍点或者鞍结点,而无捕食者种群的平衡点始终是鞍点,并给出了正平衡点稳定的条件。最后,对系统进行数值模拟,发现收获率的不同取值可以改变系统的稳定状态。因此,利用理论分析结果可得到在保证生态稳定的前提下人类捕捞的最优收获。

量化自我隐私顾虑的前因组态对隐私披露意愿的影响——权力-责任均衡视角

[研究目的]用户的隐私披露对以数据为驱动的量化自我企业而言十分重要,探究量化自我情境下隐私顾虑对隐私披露意愿的影响将为相关企业获取用户数据提供理论指导。[研究方法]基于权力与责任均衡理论,采用模糊集定性比较分析方法,以使用可穿戴设备的用户为研究对象,从量化自我主体视角分析导致隐私顾虑的前因组态,以及不同的隐私顾虑组态类型对隐私披露意愿的影响机制。[研究结论]研究发现:量化自我隐私顾虑的3种组态类型,分别是内生型隐私顾虑、外生型隐私顾虑和混合型隐私顾虑,且会对隐私披露意愿产生差异性影响。短期使用中产生的内生型隐私顾虑和长期使用中产生的混合型隐私顾虑会导致量化自我隐私披露意愿的降低;而在短期使用过程中产生的外生型隐私顾虑并不会降低隐私披露意愿,反而因为用户感知到政府的法律有效性,促进了在量化自我过程中的隐私披露。

大尺度自成因机制与自成因地层学

在海平面升降、构造活动、沉积物供给等外部驱动作用下,沉积地层的叠置受自成因和他成因两种机制的控制。近年的认识表明,自成因机制可发生在沉积过程的各个时空尺度。不同于小尺度自成因机制仅发生在沉积系统的局部,大尺度自成因机制可在盆地范围内系统性地控制地层的发育,能够修饰甚至改变他成因过程。要想准确地探究地层的叠置样式与外部驱动条件之间的关系,必须有效地鉴别大尺度自成因与他成因过程。基于对大尺度自成因过程的认识,逐渐建立与发展了自成因地层学。它提出的自成因与他成因观、平衡响应与非平衡响应观为解析地层叠置样式与外部驱动条件之间的关系提供了新的视角。自成因地层学一方面对外部驱动条件分为稳定的(速率等作用方式保持不变)与不稳定的(速率等作用方式发生改变),由前者形成的地层叠加样式(或过程)称为自成因的,后者形成的地层叠加样式(或过程)称为他成因的。另一方面也将地层叠置样式分为稳定的(加积速率与进积速率的比值R_(agg)/R_(pro)保持不变)与不稳定的(R_(agg)/R_(pro)发生改变)。若稳定的外部驱动条件形成稳定的地层叠加样式,称为平衡响应,是自成因过程;稳定的外部驱动条件形成不稳定的地层叠加样式称为自成因的非平衡响应。此外,不稳定的外部驱动条件也可能形成稳定的地层叠加样式,称为他成因的非平衡响应。自成因地层学认为,由于自成因非平衡响应机制的普遍存在,地层的叠加过程通常表现得不稳定。相比而言,稳定的地层叠加样式仅在特殊情况下才能发生。传统成因地层学应当重视大尺度的自成因机制。

利用建筑虚拟储能提升风电消纳能力的电热联合系统优化调度方法

利用建筑虚拟储能能提升电热联合系统的风电消纳能力,但若只考虑建筑结构储能而不考虑室内空气储能会导致虚拟储能利用不足。针对此问题,在奖惩阶梯碳交易背景下提出一种利用建筑虚拟储能提升风电消纳能力的电热联合系统优化调度方法。首先,以室内空气和建筑结构热平衡模型为基础建立精细化建筑虚拟储能模型;其次,在系统中引入奖惩阶梯碳交易机制及需求响应机制;再次,考虑电、热功率平衡以及室内温度等约束,以电热联合系统总成本最低为目标函数,并提出改进型平衡器优化算法对目标函数进行优化求解;最后,对不同场景下电热联合系统对风电的消纳、CO_(2)排放及经济性进行分析,结果表明:所提方法不仅提高了电热联合系统的风电消纳率,降低了CO_(2)的排放量,且提升了经济性。

Fear and delay effects on a food chain system with two kinds of different functional responses

For food chain system with three populations,direct predation is the basic interaction between species.Different species often have different predation functional responses,so a food chain system with Holling-II response for middle predator and Beddinton-DeAngelis response for top predator is proposed.Apart from direct predation,predator population can significantly impact the survival of prey population by inducing the prey's fear,but the impact often possesses a time delay.This paper is concentrated to explore how the fear and time delay affect the system stability and the species persistence.By use of Lyapunov functional method and bifurcation theory,the positiveness and boundedness of solutions,local and global behavior of species,the system stability around the equilibrium states and various kinds of bifurcation are investigated.Numerically,some simulations are carried out to validate the main findings and the critical values of the bifurcation parameters of fear and conversion rate are obtained.It is observed that fear and delay can not only stabilize,but also destabilize the system,which depends on the magnitude of the fear and delay.The system varies from unstable to stable due to the continuous increase of the prey's fear by middle predator.Small fear induced by top predator or small delay of the prey's fear can stabilize the system,while they are sufficiently large,the system stability is to be destroyed.Simultaneously,the conversion rate can also change the stability and even make the species to be extinct.Some rich dynamics like multiple stabilities and various types of bistability behaviors are also exhibited,which results in the convergence of the species from one stable equilibrium to another.

Equilibrium Climate Response of the East Asian Summer Monsoon to Forcing of Anthropogenic Aerosol Species

We used an online aerosol-climate model to study the equilibrium climate response of the East Asian summer monsoon （EASM） to increases in anthropogenic emissions of sulfate, organic carbon, and black carbon aerosols from 1850 to 2000. Our results show that each of these aerosol species has a different effect on the EASM as a result of changes in the local sea-land thermal contrast and atmospheric circulation. The increased emission of sulfate aerosol leads to a decrease in the thermal contrast between the land and ocean, a southward shift of the East Asian subtropical jet, and significant northerly wind anomalies at 850 hPa over eastern China and the ambient oceans, markedly dampening the EASM. An increase in organic carbon aerosol results in pronounced surface cooling and the forma- tion of an anomalous anticyclone over the oceans north of 30°N. These effects cause a slight increase in the sea-land thermal contrast and southerly flow anomalies to the west of the anticyclonic center, strengthening the northern EASM. An increase in organic carbon emission decreases the sea-land thermal contrast over southern China, which weakens the southern EASM. The response of the summer 850-hPa winds and rainfall over the East Asian monsoon region to an increase in black carbon emission is generally consistent with the response to an increase in organic carbon. The increase in black carbon emission leads to a strengthening of the northern EASM north of 35°N and a slight weakening of the southern EASM south of 35°N. The simulated response of the EASM to the increase in black carbon emission is unchanged when the emission of black carbon is scaled up by five times its year 2000 levels, although the intensities of the response is enhanced. The increase in sulfate emission primarily weakens the EASM, whereas the increases in black carbon and organic carbon emissions mitigate weakening of the northern EASM.