Effect of Equilibrium Current Profiles on External Kink Modes in Tokamaks

Based on a linearized MHD model, the effect of equilibrium current profiles on external kink modes in tokamaks is studied by MARS code. Three types of equilibrium current profiles are adopted in this work. Firstly, a set of parabolic equilibrium current profiles are chosen. In these profiles the maximum current values in the center of the plasma are fixed, and the currents have different gradient and jump at the plasma boundary. The effects of the current gradient and jump on the growth rate of external kink mode are investigated. It is found that the current jump which causes the q profiles to change plays an important role in the externM kink modes in tokamaks. Secondly, a set of step equilibrium current profiles with different jump positions are chosen. The effect of jump position on external kink modes is discussed. Thirdly, a set of parabolic equilibrium current profiles with current bumps are chosen for the case of off-axis heating. The effects of height~ width and position of the current bumps on external kink modes are analyzed. The fiat equilibrium current profiles are disadvantageous for the MHD stabilities of tokamaks, because of the large current jump at the plasma edge. The peaked equilibrium current profiles and a large and localized current bump near the plasma edge benefit the MHD stabilities of tokamaks.

The Effect of Equilibrium Current Profiles on MHD Instabilities in Tokamaks

A cylindrical model of linear MHD instabilities in tokamaks is presented. In the model, the cylindrical plasma is surrounded by a vacuum which is divided into inner and outer vacuum areas by a conducting wall. Linearized resistivity MHD equations with plasma viscosity are adopted to describe our model, and the equations are solved numerically as an initial value problem. Some of the results are used as benchmark tests for the code, and then a series of equilibrium current profiles are used to simulate the bootstrap current profiles in actual experiments with a bump on tail. Thus the effects of these kinds of profiles on MHD instabilities in tokamaks are revealed. From the analysis of the numerical results, it is found that more plasma can be confined when the center of the current bump is closer to the plasma surface, and a higher and narrower current bump has a better stabilizing effect on the MHD instabilities.

Numerical analysis for the free-boundary current reversal equilibrium in the AC plasma current operation in a tokamak

In recent decades, tokamak discharges with zero total toroidal current have been reported in tokamak experiments, and this is one of the key problems in alternating current(AC) operations.An efficient free-boundary equilibrium code is developed to investigate such advanced tokamak discharges with current reversal equilibrium configuration. The calculation results show that the reversal current equilibrium can maintain finite pressure and also has considerable effects on the position of the X-point and the magnetic separatrix shape, and hence also on the position of the strike point on the divertor plates, which is extremely useful for magnetic design, MHD stability analysis, and experimental data analysis etc. for the AC plasma current operation on tokamaks.

Longshore Current on an Equilibrium Beach

Natural beaches tend to be concave-up rather than planar and are reasonable to be modeled by an equilibrium beach profile. A governing equation for longshore current on an equilibrium beach is derived and its analytical solution is given in this paper. Through comparisons of the present solution and field data of longshore current for a step-type beach, the present solution is found to have fairly agreeable prediction to longshore current inside the surf zone. The effects of the shape of a concave-up beach and turbulent mixing stress on longshore current inside the surf zone are discussed in the present paper.

Algorithm Validation of the Current Profile Reconstruction of EAST Based on Polarimeter/Interferometer

The method of plasma current profile reconstruction using the polarimeter/interferometer（POINT） data from a simulated equilibrium is explored and validated.It is shown that the safety factor（q） profile can be generally reconstructed from the external magnetic and POINT data.The reconstructed q profile is found to reasonably agree with the initial equilibriums.Comparisons of reconstructed q and density profiles using the magnetic data and the POINT data with 3%,5%and 10%random errors are investigated.The result shows that the POINT data could be used to a reasonably accurate determination of the q profile.

Equilibrium Reconstruction in EAST Tokamak

Reconstruction of experimental axisymmetric equilibria is an important part of tokamak data analysis. Fourier expansion is applied to reconstruct the vessel current distribution in EFIT code. Benchmarking and testing calculations are performed to evaluate and validate this algorithm. Two cases for circular and non-circular plasma discharges are presented. Fourier expansion used to fit the eddy current is a robust method and the real time EFIT can be introduced to the plasma control system in the coming campaign.

Persistent current in a magnetized Rashba ring

We theoretically study the persistent currents flowing in a Rashba quantum ring subjected to the Rashba spinorbit interaction. By introducing uniform or nonuniform magnetization into the ring, we find that a nonzero persistent charge current circulates in the ring, which stems from the original equilibrium spin current due to the Rashba spinorbit interaction. Because of broken time reversal symmetry, the two oppositely flowing spin-up and spin-down charge currents of the equilibrium spin current are no longer equal, and so a net persistent charge current can flow in the system. It is also found that the persistent current can be modulated by the Fermi energy, the Rashba spin-orbit interaction strength and the magnetization in the ring. Moreover, the magnetization perpendicular to the ring plane can optimize the current. The persistent current flowing in the ring is a manifestation of the nonzero equilibrium spin current existing in the ring.

Formation of Equilibrium Beach Profile of the Abandoned Yellow River Delta Coast in North Jiangsu

The abandoned Yellow River Delta coast is a typical erodible silty and muddy coast in China. The paper analyses the marine dynamic characteristics and the mechanism of beach erosion of this area. Analysis and calculation show that in this sea area wave and tidal current action should be considered. Based on the above analysis, an equilibrium beach profile calculation model is developed, in which the wave-current interaction is considered while sediment supply and sediment re-deposition are neglected. The model consists of four parts: (1) calculation of wave parameters, (2) calculation of velocity due to wave-current interaction at different water depth, (3) calculation of friction velocity and shear stress at different water depths, and (4) calculation of the amount of sediment erosion, erosion intensity and variation of beach profile. Calculated results are in good agreement with observed data. Finally, the evolution tendency is discussed and the equilibrium beach profile of this coast is calculated. B

Steady-state entanglement and heat current of two coupled qubits in two baths without rotating wave approximation

We study the steady-state entanglement and heat current of two coupled qubits, in which two qubits are connected with two independent heat baths(IHBs) or two common heat baths(CHBs). We construct the master equation in the eigenstate representation of two coupled qubits to describe the dynamics of the total system and derive the solutions in the steadystate with stronger coupling regime between two qubits than qubit–baths. We do not make the rotating wave approximation(RWA) for the qubit–qubit interaction, and so we are able to investigate the behaviors of the system in both the strong coupling regime and the weak coupling regime, respectively. In an equilibrium bath, we find that the entanglement decreases with the bath temperature and energy detuning increasing under the strong coupling regime. In the weak coupling regime,the entanglement increases with coupling strength increasing and decreases with the bath temperature and energy detuning increasing. In a nonequilibrium bath, the entanglement without RWA is useful for entanglement at lower temperatures.We also study the heat currents of the two coupled qubits and their variations with the energy detuning, coupling strength and low temperature. In the strong(weak) coupling regime, the heat current increases(decreases) with coupling strength increasing when the temperature of one bath is lower(higher) than the other, and the energy detuning leads to a positive(negative) effect when the temperature is low(high). In the weak coupling regime, the variation trend of heat current is opposite to that of coupling strength for the IHB case and the CHB case.

Capability Assessment of the Equilibrium Field System in KTX

Radial equilibrium of the KTX plasma column is maintained by the vertical field which is produced by the equilibrium field coils.The equilibrium is also affected by the eddy current,which is generated by the coupling of copper shell,plasma and poloidal field coils.An equivalent circuit model is developed to analyze the dynamic performance of equilibrium field coils,without auxiliary power input to equilibrium field coils and passive conductors.Considering the coupling of poloidal field coils,copper shell and plasma,the evolution of spatial distribution of the eddy current density on the copper shell is estimated by finite element to analyze the effect of shell to balance.The simulation results show that the copper shell and equilibrium field coils can provide enough vertical field to balance 1 MA plasma current in phase 1 of a KTX discharge.Auxiliary power supply on the EQ coils is necessary to control the horizontal displacement of KTX due to the finite resistance effect of the shell.

Real Time Equilibrium Reconstruction Algorithm in EAST Tokamak

The EAST (HT-7U) superconducting tokamak is a national project of China on fusion research, with a capability of long-pulse (- 1000 s) operation. In order to realize a long-duration steady-state operation of EAST, some significant capability of real-time control is re-quired. It would be very crucial to obtain the current profile parameters and the plasma shapes in real time by a flexible control system. As those discharge parameters cannot be directly measured, so a current profile consistent with the magnetohydrodynamic equilibrium should be evaluated from external magnetic measurements, based on a linearized iterative least square method, which can meet the requirements of the measurements. The arithmetic that the EFIT (equilibrium fitting code) is used for reference will be given in this paper and the computational efforts are reduced by parametrizing the current profile linearly in terms of a number of physical parameters. In order to introduce this reconstruction algorithm clearly, the main hardware design will be listed also.

面向离子电流检测的火焰内电子输运机理研究

离子电流检测技术有望解决未来点燃式发动机缸内实时诊断及精准反馈难题.业内对阳离子在离子电流形成中的作用已有较多研究,但对电子所扮演角色还缺乏系统分析及原理认知.本研究基于所构建的电子输运动力学平衡假设估计方法,估计了电子在火焰内的迁移率及扩散系数等关键参数.进而构建了定容燃烧弹离子电流形成机理模型,分析了不同外电场配置下火焰内电子的输运机制.得出结论在1 kV的低电压下,火焰内电子以双极扩散的方式运动;而在20 kV的高电压下,电子以单极扩散的形式,越过火焰锋面区域并到达探针附近.

Kinetic equilibrium reconstruction for the NBI-and ICRH-heated H-mode plasma on EAST tokamak

The equilibrium reconstruction is important to study the tokamak plasma physical processes.To analyze the contribution of fast ions to the equilibrium,the kinetic equilibria at two time-slices in a typical H-mode discharge with different auxiliary heatings are reconstructed by using magnetic diagnostics,kinetic diagnostics and TRANSP code.It is found that the fast-ion pressure might be up to one-third of the plasma pressure and the contribution is mainly in the core plasma due to the neutral beam injection power is primarily deposited in the core region.The fast-ion current contributes mainly in the core region while contributes little to the pedestal current.A steep pressure gradient in the pedestal is observed which gives rise to a strong edge current.It is proved that the fast ion effects cannot be ignored and should be considered in the future study of EAST.

Space-charge limiting currents for magnetically focused intense relativistic electron beams

The self-consistent differential equations, which describe a laminar-flow equilibrium state in a magnetically focused intense relativistic electron beam propagating inside a conducting waveguide, are presented. The canonical angular momentum, Pe, defined under the conditions at the source, uniquely determines the possible solutions of these equations. By numerically solving these equations, the space-charge limited current and the externally applied magnetic field are obtained in a solid beam and a hollow beam in two cases of Pθ= 0 （magnetically shielded source） and Pθ= const. （immersed source） separately. It is shown that the hollow beam is more beneficial to the propagation of the intense relativistic beam through a drift tube than the solid beam.

基于热管理的改进型模型预测电流控制研究

针对传统定频有限集模型预测电流控制FSF-FCS-MPCC(fixed switching frequency finite control set model predictive current control)方法不能实现IGBT器件结温均衡、降低其结温波动和平均温度等问题,以单相PWM整流器为研究对象,提出了一种基于热管理的改进型模型预测电流控制。该方法在两矢量定频预测控制基础上,通过设计评价函数选取最优两矢量及动作序列;其次以采样周期为单位灵活选取2种零矢量交替使用;最后通过调制模块产生相应的开关状态进行控制。为了验证理论分析的正确性和有效性,在小功率实验平台上与传统FSF-FCSMPCC进行了对比研究,结果表明该方法不仅可以实现上述控制目标,而且可以进一步减小网侧电流谐波和稳态误差,提高了开关器件的使用寿命和变换器可靠性。

市域铁路双边供电系统的稳态潮流

针对市域铁路列车不中断供电的要求,对市域铁路采用双边供电技术取消电分相进行分析研究.根据不同的外部电源供电方式建立平行双边供电和树形双边供电的等值电路模型,推导均衡电流的计算模型,分析减小均衡电流的措施;并以某市域线路为例,仿真计算系统不同运行方式下的潮流分布和均衡电流,验证均衡电流计算模型的正确性以及市域铁路单相交流牵引供电采用双边供电方式的可行性.研究结果表明:实例中的市域线路合环时,牵引变压器最大功率为70.36 MV·A,最大电压波动为0.702 5%,110 kV输电线路承受的最大电流为833.418 A,双边供电系统中“电磁环网”对电网潮流分布的影响均在牵引变压器、输电线路承受范围内,稳态情况下满足电力系统要求;合环线路中均衡电流占比为2.322%,对系统的影响较小.

新型海上风电基础地基冲刷深度试验研究及床面剪切力分析

海洋环境作用下海上风电基础周围海床会产生显著冲刷,冲刷深度过大会严重影响风电结构体系的安全。复合筒型基础是一种新型的浅基础,其对冲刷的敏感性更大。以新型的海上风电复合筒型基础为研究对象,开展了波流作用下基础周围地基冲刷特征的物理模型试验,探究了基础周围海床的冲刷变化规律及最大冲刷深度,基于波流-复合筒型基础-地基相互作用的数值模型分析了海床表面剪切力的分布特征,考察了最大冲刷深度与最大床面剪切力的关联性。研究结果表明:波流作用下复合筒型基础最大冲刷位置位于基础后方、毗邻基础的位置,最大冲刷深度随波高、周期、流速的减小而减小,基础周围海床最大冲刷深度与其最大床面剪切应力的分布有一定的相关关系。

高可靠熔断器步进电应力极限评估试验

介绍了高可靠熔断器极限评估技术的提出背景,分析其熔断机理,设计了熔断器电流步进极限评估试验,考察熔断器在电应力下的热平衡状态和可靠性水平;并选用国产典型型号的宇航用高可靠熔断器,对设计的试验方法进行了验证,结果显示本试验方法合理可行,从而为规范熔断器极限评估试验方法提供了基础和依据。

可控并联十二脉波四象限运行整流电源的研制

在核聚变实验装置中,大电流四象限运行装置将得到广泛的应用。若使用传统的控制方法,并联十二脉波四象限运行系统将存在着环流通道多,电抗器多等问题。有鉴于此,本文提出了一种将有环流运行和无环流运行相结合,六脉波与十二脉波运行相结合的运行方法。该方法控制简单,过零平滑、迅速;环流小、环流通道仅为一条,有效地减少了造价。

EAST超导托卡马克中HALO电流的模拟分析

基于EAST超导托卡马克实验装置,给出了HALO电流计算方法和计算过程,并通过自由能方法模拟得出了等离子体电流、HALO电流在等离子体破裂过程中随时间的演化过程。