Topological Properties of the Catastrophe Map of a General Equilibrium Production Model with Uncertain States of Nature

This paper shows existence and efficiency of equilibria of a production model with uncertainty, where production is modeled in the demand function of the consumer. Existence and efficiency of equilibria are a direct consequence of the catastrophe map being smooth and proper. Topological properties of the equilibrium set are studied. It is shown that the equilibrium set has the structure of a smooth submanifold of the Euclidean space which is diffeomorphic to the sphere implying connectedness, simple connectedness, and contractibility. The set of economies with discontinuous price systems is shown to be of Lebesgue measure zero.

NONEMPTY INTERSECTION THEOREMS AND SYSTEM OF GENERALIZED VECTOR EQUILIBRIUM PROBLEMS IN PRODUCT G-CONVEX SPACES

By using an existence theorems of maximal elements for a family of set-valued mappings in G-convex spaces due to the author, some new nonempty intersection theorems for a family of set-valued mappings were established in noncompact product G-convex spaces. As applications, some equilibrium existence theorems for a system of generalized vector equilibrium problems were proved in noncompact product G-convex spaces. These theorems unify, improve and generalize some important known results in literature.

NONEMPTY INTERSECTION THEOREMS AND SYSTEM OF GENERALIZED VECTOR EQUILIBRIUM PROBLEMS IN PRODUCT G-CONVEX SPACES

By using an existence theorems of maximal elements for a family of set-valued mappings in G-convex spaces due to the author, some new nonempty intersection theorems for a family of set-valued mappings were established in noncompact product G-convex spaces. As applications, some equilibrium existence theorems for a system of generalized vector equilibrium problems were proved in noncompact product G-convex spaces. These theorems unify, improve and generalize some important known results in literature.

Game Theory Model and Equilibrium Analysis of Peasant's Production Decision

Unbalanced agricultural production decision becomes the great block that influences the effective distribution of social resources, national grain security, social stability and economic development. This paper took the game theory as an analyzed tool to describe the interactional processes among the peasants, and set up the game theory model of independent decision and joint decision by peasants. It was shown that the government＇s positive guide and the market environment macroscopically controlled by the government could effectively increased the peasants＇ income

Study on Injection-Production System Adjustment of Fault Block Reservoir Based on Equilibrium Displacement

This paper proposed a method of injection-production system adjustment to solve the problem that the water flooding effect was restricted because of the horizontal and vertical contradictions during the development process of fault block reservoirs. Considering the heterogeneity of reservoir, the Buckley-Leverett water flooding theory was applied to establish the relationship between the recovery and cumulative water injection. In order to achieve the goal of vertically balanced recovery of each section, the calculation method of vertical sectional injection allocation was proposed. The planar triangular seepage unit was assumed and sweep coefficients of different oil-water distribution patterns were characterized using multi-flow tube method. In order to balance and maximize the plane sweep coefficient, the calculation method of plane production system optimization was obtained. Then the injection-production system stereoscopic adjustment method based on equilibrium displacement was proposed with vertical sectional injection allocation and plane production system optimization. This method was applied to injection and production adjustment of BZ oilfield in southern Bohai. The effect of water control and oil increase was obvious. This method can greatly improve the effect of water flooding of offshore fault block reservoirs with the adjustment of injection-production system.

中国高新技术产品进口关税减让的经济效应

降低高新技术产品进口关税是中国践行扩大开放承诺的有力措施,对于以高新技术产业发展推动高水平科技自立自强具有重要意义。运用可计算局部均衡模型,从产业层面考察了中国高新技术产品进口关税减让的经济影响。研究发现:中国高新技术产品进口关税税率下调对进口的促进效应大于出口,其效应随降税幅度的提高而递增,且现有关税税率越高,降税的贸易效应越大;中国高新技术产品的内销额和消费者价格将减少,但生产者价格和产量变化不大;中国高新技术产业的消费者剩余大幅提高,生产者剩余变化幅度有限,但政府进口关税收入下降明显,所以高新技术产品的社会净福利将减少,其中广播、电视和通讯设备类产品的净福利损失最大,办公、会计和计算机器类产品与航空航天产品的净福利损失较小。研究结果可为中国高新技术产品关税政策调整提供依据,也能为中国主动扩大进口政策制定提供参考。

生产生活实例在相平衡教学中的应用探索

物理化学是学生参与科研工作的理论基础,对学生今后学习和工作有很大的指导意义。相平衡是物理化学课程中的重要章节,具有体系多变、知识点繁多、相图抽象等特点。将与相平衡关系紧密的生产生活实例应用于相平衡章节的教学过程中,有助于激发学生的学习热情和兴趣,加深学生对理论知识的认识和掌握,促进学生加强理论联系实际的能力,同时增强教学效果和学生学习效率。

基于外积求解颗粒平衡问题

提出一种简洁有效的基于外积的方法,对无摩擦的二维圆盘、二维凸颗粒以及三维球体的力学平衡方程进行求解和分析。理论结果表明,圆盘与球体上输出力的大小与输入力的大小成正比,因此引入了力传递的概念,并且导出力传递系数与接触结构的关系。对于凸颗粒,导出了输出力大小与输入力以及力矩的关系式。在已知圆盘上的平均正压力时,导出了各个接触力大小的公式并给出其几何意义。文中提出的方法以及计算的结果,对于求解其他物理问题中的向量方程有意义,对于进一步研究力学网络上的平衡方程有重要价值。

The Catastrophe Map of a Two Period Production Model with Uncertainty

This paper shows existence and efficiency of equilibria of a two period production model with uncertainty as a consequence of the catastrophe map being smooth and proper. Its inverse mapping defines a finite covering implying finiteness of equilibria. Beyond the extraction of local equilibrium information of the model, the catastrophe map renders itself well for a global study of the equilibrium set. It is shown that the equilibrium set has the structure of a smooth submanifold of the Euclidean space which is diffeomorphic to the sphere implying connectedness, simple connectedness, and contractibility.

Study Competition Channel Structure Based on the Differences of Cost and Products

The purpose of this paper is to expand Trivedi’s study on the influence of channel structure ,which based on product difference, to cost difference; and analyze the evolution course of channel structure under different conditions. We find that like product difference, cost difference have important influence on the choice of channel structure. This paper has improved the present result and provided proof for the choice of channel structure under different environments.

Model of Vertical Product Differentiation Based on Triangular Distribution

Supposing that the consumer preference compiles with triangular distribution instead of uniform distribution, we establish the model of vertical product differentiation. The simulation shows that there exists stable equilibrium along with unstable equilibrium. In stable equilibrium, high quality products gain an advantage over low quality products. In unstable equilibrium, the former does not possess an apparent advantage in competition, likely to be at a disadvantage. In order to evolve from unstable equilibrium to stable equilibrium, it is necessary for firms to solve such problems as high prices and consumers＇ perception of scarcity on product qualities. In general, both product qualities and firm profits increase with the consuming capacity and quality perception, and the latter more rapidly.

Numerical Simulation Considering Non-Equilibrium Phase Change Volatile Oil Reservoir: A Case Study of Wenchang 8-3 Oil Reservoir

As a typical volatile oil reservoir, the actual production characteristics of Wenchang 8-3 reservoir are inconsistent with the results of traditional phase equilibrium experiments. The conventional isothermal instantaneous phase equilibrium theory cannot meet the production performance or numerical simulation analysis requirements of this type of reservoir. The thermodynamic properties of volatile oil reservoirs are like those of condensate gas reservoirs. As the formation pressure drops below the dew point pressure during the mining process, the balance between the liquid phase and the gas phase is not completed instantaneously. Based on the non-equilibrium phase recovery treatment method of the condensate gas reservoir, the phase behavior change curve of the A4h well of Wenchang 8-3 oil reservoir recovered from the saturation pressure to three different pressures is analyzed. The accuracy of the numerical simulation results with or without non-equilibrium phase transition is compared. The results show that the non-equilibrium phase change has a great impact on the production performance of volatile oil reservoirs;the numerical simulation results considering the non-equilibrium phase transition are in good agreement with the actual production performance of a single well and can better reflect the actual situation of this type of reservoir. Therefore, considering the effects of non-equilibrium phase transitions has important guiding significance for the dynamic analysis of volatile oil reservoirs, numerical simulation, and the formulation of development management strategies.

Entropy Production and the Origin of Life

All irreversible processes arise and persist to produce entropy. Entropy production is not incidental to such processes, but rather the very reason for their origin and persistence. Here we take such a thermodynamic perspective on the origin of life, recognizing that entropy production is not only the vital force of life, but the fundamental link between life in the biosphere today and its origin in the Archean. Today the greatest en-tropy production in the biosphere is due to visible photon absorption and dissipation into heat by organic material in liquid water and the subsequent degradation of the established heat gradient through the water cycle. Following this link back in time to the Archean environment leads to a suggestion for a mechanism for the origin of life based on UV photon absorption and dissipation by RNA and DNA.

Tree Network Formation in Poisson Equation Models and the Implications for the Maximum Entropy Production Principle

This paper presents not only practical but also instructive mathematical models to simulate tree network formation using the Poisson equation and the Finite Difference Method (FDM). Then, the implications for entropic theories are discussed from the viewpoint of Maximum Entropy Production (MEP). According to the MEP principle, open systems existing in the state far from equilibrium are stabilized when entropy production is maximized, creating dissipative structures with low entropy such as the tree-shaped network. We prepare two simulation models: one is the Poisson equation model that simulates the state far from equilibrium, and the other is the Laplace equation model that simulates the isolated state or the state near thermodynamic equilibrium. The output of these equations is considered to be positively correlated to entropy production of the system. Setting the Poisson equation model so that entropy production is maximized, tree network formation is advanced. We suppose that this is due to the invocation of the MEP principle, that is, entropy of the system is lowered by emitting maximal entropy out of the system. On the other hand, tree network formation is not observed in the Laplace equation model. Our simulation results will offer the persuasive evidence that certifies the effect of the MEP principle.

生产网络视角下的产业结构升级:逻辑解构和实现路径

随着信息技术进步,全球生产不断扩大,部门间关联日益紧密,网络效应日益显著,生产网络为相关的经济研究提供新的视角与方法。基于对从封闭经济到开放经济下生产网络分析框架的前沿研究及经典文献的梳理,对生产网络分析框架的新进展和贡献进行综述,并基于生产网络分析框架,探讨生产网络中产业结构升级的四个传导机制———技术溢出效应、市场扭曲效应、生产网络结构效应以及有效产业政策效应。最终根据生产网络中产业结构升级的机制,提出中国产业结构升级的新路径。

Properties and Stability of Max-Product Fuzzy Bi-Directional Associative Memory

In this paper, a fuzzy operator of max-product is defined at first, and the fuzzy bi-directional associative memory (FBAM) based on the fuzzy operator of max-product is given. Then the properties and the Lyapunov stability of equilibriums of the networks are studied.

UO_(2)在碳酸盐熔盐中的反应行为研究

为获得UO_(2)在碱金属碳酸盐熔盐体系中的基础反应数据,本文分析了UO_(2)在不同组分碳酸盐熔盐中的平衡浓度和反应产物。本文借助电感耦合等离子体质谱、X射线衍射、红外光谱等表征方法,研究反应产物及铀的形态。结果表明:在本文条件下,铀元素在不同组分碳酸盐熔盐中平衡浓度(500~700℃)呈“V”型分布,其平衡浓度在20~220μg/g,最小值在二元和三元熔盐体系中分别低于30μg/g和60μg/g(600℃)。另外UO_(2)在碳酸盐熔盐中的反应产物结构均以重铀酸盐为主(<700℃)。在碳酸盐熔盐体系中系统的分析了UO_(2)的反应行为,验证了碳酸盐盐熔盐氧化技术对UO_(2)进行氧化处理的可行性,为该技术的发展提供了一定基础数据的支撑。

空间均衡导向下的生态产品价值实现路径及演进——基于改进四象限模型的理论分析

研究目的:测度2015—2020年全国31省的物质和生态财富价值变化,探讨生态产品价值实现的空间均衡框架,为不同区域的实践探索提供参考。研究方法:改进四象限模型、归纳总结法和案例分析法。研究结果:(1)2015—2020年全国31省GEP和人均GEP分别增长了19.35%和16.80%,但空间不均衡的格局差异愈发明显。(2)以物质和生态财富的均衡状态构建基于改进四象限模型的空间均衡框架,将31省划分为6个象限分区,各分区生态产品的供需强度存在相对势差。(3)处于不同象限的地区应在生态修复整治、生态保护补偿、生态权益交易、生态产业开发、产业生态转型5种主要路径中因地制宜进行匹配组合,并朝着物质与生态财富协同的理想均衡线演进。研究结论:剖析物质与生态财富的协同关系及生态产品供需强度对生态产品价值实现路径的指导依据,探索价值实现的空间均衡方向和路径演进策略,有利于实现区域间“富绿”协同。