This paper presents the modelling of transduction heaters using the TEC （transformer equivalent circuit） model and FEA （finite element analysis）. Each model was used to simulate a set oftransduction heating experi...This paper presents the modelling of transduction heaters using the TEC （transformer equivalent circuit） model and FEA （finite element analysis）. Each model was used to simulate a set oftransduction heating experiments and the results compared. Analysis of the TEC calculated results suggested modification of three parameters： the secondary resistance, the core tube eddy current resistance and the core tube magnetizing reactance. The improved TEC model was then used to design, build and test a 6 kW transduction heater. The measured results are compared with calculated results from the TEC and FEA models. The TEC model accurately predicts the performance of the heater.展开更多
The paper presents a new pedagogical method for finding the Thevenin and Norton equivalent circuits of a linear electric circuit (LEC) at the n-different pairs of terminals simultaneously, regardless of the circuit to...The paper presents a new pedagogical method for finding the Thevenin and Norton equivalent circuits of a linear electric circuit (LEC) at the n-different pairs of terminals simultaneously, regardless of the circuit topology and complexity. The proposed method is appropriate for undergraduate electrical and electronic engineering students leading to straightforward solutions, mostly arrived at by inspection, so that it can be regarded as a simple and innovative calculation tool for Thevenin equivalents. Furthermore, the method is easily adapted to computer implementation. Examples illustrating the method’s scientific and pedagogical reliability, as well as real test results and statistically-sound data assessing its functionality are provided.展开更多
Lithium-oxygen batteries are a promising technology because they can greatly surpass the energy density of lithium-ion batteries.However,this theoretical characteristic has not yet been converted into a real device wi...Lithium-oxygen batteries are a promising technology because they can greatly surpass the energy density of lithium-ion batteries.However,this theoretical characteristic has not yet been converted into a real device with high cyclability.Problems with air contamination,metallic lithium reactivity,and complex discharge and charge reactions are the main issues for this technology.A fast and reversible oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)is crucial for good performance of secondary batteries',but the partial knowledge of its mechanisms,especially when devices are concerned,hinders further development.From this perspective,the present work uses operando Raman experiments and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)to assess the first stages of the discharge processes in porous carbon electrodes,following their changes cycle by cycle at initial operation.A growth kinetic formation of the discharge product signal(Li_(2)O_(2))was observed with operando Raman,indicating a first-order reaction and enabling an analysis by a microkinetic model.The solution mechanism in the evaluated system was ascribed for an equivalent circuit with three time constants.While the time constant for the anode interface reveals to remain relatively constant after the first discharge,its surface seemed to be more non-uniform.The model indicated that the reaction occurs at the Li_(2)O_(2) surface,decreasing the associated resistance during the initial discharge phase.Furthermore,the growth of Li_(2)O_(2) forms a hetero-phase between Li_(2)O_(2)/electrolyte,while creating a more compact and homogeneous on the Li_(2)O_(2)/cathode surface.The methodology here described thus offers a way of directly probing changes in surface chemistry evolution during cycling from a device through EIS analysis.展开更多
以电压源换流器为接口的分布式电源(distributedgenerator,DG)的故障电流完全由其控制策略决定,其传统的等值模型通常与常规电源类似,而忽视了控制策略的影响,造成含DG配电网故障分析存在局限性,尤其对于非对称故障情况。为此,首先对DG...以电压源换流器为接口的分布式电源(distributedgenerator,DG)的故障电流完全由其控制策略决定,其传统的等值模型通常与常规电源类似,而忽视了控制策略的影响,造成含DG配电网故障分析存在局限性,尤其对于非对称故障情况。为此,首先对DG的相间短路故障穿越控制特性进行分析,针对正序分量控制的DG提出了压控电流源等值模型;在此基础上,通过建立DG输出电流与公共联接点(point of common coupling,PCC)正、负序电压之间的关系方程式,推导出不同的相间短路故障条件下PCC正序电压的求解方程组,从而建立含DG配电网相间短路故障分析精确模型。基于DIgSILENT建立含DG配电网模型,仿真结果验证了该故障分析方法的正确性。展开更多
文摘This paper presents the modelling of transduction heaters using the TEC （transformer equivalent circuit） model and FEA （finite element analysis）. Each model was used to simulate a set oftransduction heating experiments and the results compared. Analysis of the TEC calculated results suggested modification of three parameters： the secondary resistance, the core tube eddy current resistance and the core tube magnetizing reactance. The improved TEC model was then used to design, build and test a 6 kW transduction heater. The measured results are compared with calculated results from the TEC and FEA models. The TEC model accurately predicts the performance of the heater.
文摘The paper presents a new pedagogical method for finding the Thevenin and Norton equivalent circuits of a linear electric circuit (LEC) at the n-different pairs of terminals simultaneously, regardless of the circuit topology and complexity. The proposed method is appropriate for undergraduate electrical and electronic engineering students leading to straightforward solutions, mostly arrived at by inspection, so that it can be regarded as a simple and innovative calculation tool for Thevenin equivalents. Furthermore, the method is easily adapted to computer implementation. Examples illustrating the method’s scientific and pedagogical reliability, as well as real test results and statistically-sound data assessing its functionality are provided.
基金supported by the S?o Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) (2017/11958-1)the strategic importance of the support given by ANP (Brazil's National Oil,Natural Gas and Biofuels Agency)through the R&D levy regulation and the support from the Brazilian Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education and Personnel (CAPES)CNPq (PQ-2 grant:Process 304442/2019-4 and UFMT STI-Server for access to their computing resources)。
文摘Lithium-oxygen batteries are a promising technology because they can greatly surpass the energy density of lithium-ion batteries.However,this theoretical characteristic has not yet been converted into a real device with high cyclability.Problems with air contamination,metallic lithium reactivity,and complex discharge and charge reactions are the main issues for this technology.A fast and reversible oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)is crucial for good performance of secondary batteries',but the partial knowledge of its mechanisms,especially when devices are concerned,hinders further development.From this perspective,the present work uses operando Raman experiments and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)to assess the first stages of the discharge processes in porous carbon electrodes,following their changes cycle by cycle at initial operation.A growth kinetic formation of the discharge product signal(Li_(2)O_(2))was observed with operando Raman,indicating a first-order reaction and enabling an analysis by a microkinetic model.The solution mechanism in the evaluated system was ascribed for an equivalent circuit with three time constants.While the time constant for the anode interface reveals to remain relatively constant after the first discharge,its surface seemed to be more non-uniform.The model indicated that the reaction occurs at the Li_(2)O_(2) surface,decreasing the associated resistance during the initial discharge phase.Furthermore,the growth of Li_(2)O_(2) forms a hetero-phase between Li_(2)O_(2)/electrolyte,while creating a more compact and homogeneous on the Li_(2)O_(2)/cathode surface.The methodology here described thus offers a way of directly probing changes in surface chemistry evolution during cycling from a device through EIS analysis.
文摘以电压源换流器为接口的分布式电源(distributedgenerator,DG)的故障电流完全由其控制策略决定,其传统的等值模型通常与常规电源类似,而忽视了控制策略的影响,造成含DG配电网故障分析存在局限性,尤其对于非对称故障情况。为此,首先对DG的相间短路故障穿越控制特性进行分析,针对正序分量控制的DG提出了压控电流源等值模型;在此基础上,通过建立DG输出电流与公共联接点(point of common coupling,PCC)正、负序电压之间的关系方程式,推导出不同的相间短路故障条件下PCC正序电压的求解方程组,从而建立含DG配电网相间短路故障分析精确模型。基于DIgSILENT建立含DG配电网模型,仿真结果验证了该故障分析方法的正确性。
