The average temperature of frozen soil wall is an essential parameter in the process of design, construction, and safety manage- ment of artificial ground freezing engineering. It is the basis of calculating frozen s...The average temperature of frozen soil wall is an essential parameter in the process of design, construction, and safety manage- ment of artificial ground freezing engineering. It is the basis of calculating frozen soil＇s mechanical parameters, fiarther prediction of bearing capacity and, ultimately, safety evaluation of the frozen soil wall. Regarding the average temperature of sin- gle-row-piped frozen soil wall, this paper summarizes several current calculation methods and their shortcomings. Furthermore, on the basis of Bakholdin＇s analytical solution for the temperature field under straight single-row-piped freezing, two new calcula- tion models, namely, the equivalent trapezoid model and the equivalent triangle model, are proposed. These two approaches are used to calculate the average temperature of a certain cross section which indicates the condition of the whole frozen soil wall. Considering the possible parameter range according to the freezing pipe layout that might be applied in actual construction, this paper compares the average temperatures of frozen soil walls obtained by the equivalent trapezoid method and the equivalent tri- angle method with that obtained by numerical integration of Bakholdin＇s analytical solution. The results show that the discrepancies are extremely small and these two new approaches are better than currently prevailing methods. However, the equivalent triangle method boasts higher accuracy and a simpler formula compared with the equivalent trapezoid method.展开更多
Let R be a right coherent ring and D^b（R-Mod） the bounded derived category of left R-modules. Denote by D^b（R-Mod）[GF,C] the subcategory of D^b（R-Mod） consisting of all complexes with both finite Gorenstein flat...Let R be a right coherent ring and D^b（R-Mod） the bounded derived category of left R-modules. Denote by D^b（R-Mod）[GF,C] the subcategory of D^b（R-Mod） consisting of all complexes with both finite Gorenstein flat dimension and cotorsion dimension and K^b（F∩C） the bounded homotopy category of flat cotorsion left R-modules. We prove that the quotient triangulated category D^b（R-Mod）[GF,C]/K^b（F∩C,） is triangle-equivalent to the stable category GF∩C of the Frobenius category of all Gorenstein fiat and cotorsion left R-modules.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50578120)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) (No. 2006AA11Z118)
文摘The average temperature of frozen soil wall is an essential parameter in the process of design, construction, and safety manage- ment of artificial ground freezing engineering. It is the basis of calculating frozen soil＇s mechanical parameters, fiarther prediction of bearing capacity and, ultimately, safety evaluation of the frozen soil wall. Regarding the average temperature of sin- gle-row-piped frozen soil wall, this paper summarizes several current calculation methods and their shortcomings. Furthermore, on the basis of Bakholdin＇s analytical solution for the temperature field under straight single-row-piped freezing, two new calcula- tion models, namely, the equivalent trapezoid model and the equivalent triangle model, are proposed. These two approaches are used to calculate the average temperature of a certain cross section which indicates the condition of the whole frozen soil wall. Considering the possible parameter range according to the freezing pipe layout that might be applied in actual construction, this paper compares the average temperatures of frozen soil walls obtained by the equivalent trapezoid method and the equivalent tri- angle method with that obtained by numerical integration of Bakholdin＇s analytical solution. The results show that the discrepancies are extremely small and these two new approaches are better than currently prevailing methods. However, the equivalent triangle method boasts higher accuracy and a simpler formula compared with the equivalent trapezoid method.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11601433 and 11261050)the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China(Grant No.2106M602945XB)Northwest Normal University(Grant No.NWNU-LKQN-15-12)
文摘Let R be a right coherent ring and D^b（R-Mod） the bounded derived category of left R-modules. Denote by D^b（R-Mod）[GF,C] the subcategory of D^b（R-Mod） consisting of all complexes with both finite Gorenstein flat dimension and cotorsion dimension and K^b（F∩C） the bounded homotopy category of flat cotorsion left R-modules. We prove that the quotient triangulated category D^b（R-Mod）[GF,C]/K^b（F∩C,） is triangle-equivalent to the stable category GF∩C of the Frobenius category of all Gorenstein fiat and cotorsion left R-modules.
