Fuzzy-ball working fluids(FBWFs)have been successfully applied in different development phases of tight reservoirs.Field reports revealed that FBWFs satisfactorily met all the operational and reservoir damage control ...Fuzzy-ball working fluids(FBWFs)have been successfully applied in different development phases of tight reservoirs.Field reports revealed that FBWFs satisfactorily met all the operational and reservoir damage control requirements during their application.However,the damage-control mechanisms and degree of formation damage caused by fuzzy-ball fluids have not been investigated in lab-scale studies so far.In this study,the degree of fuzzy-ball-induced damage in single-and double-layer reservoirs was evaluated through core flooding experiments that were based on permeability and flow rate indexes.Additionally,its damage mechanisms were observed via scanning electron microscope and energy-dispersive spectroscopy tests.The results show that:(1)For single-layer reservoirs,the FBWF induced weak damage on coals and medium-to-weak damage on sandstones,and the difference of the damage in permeability or flow rate index on coals and sandstones is below 1%.Moreover,the minimum permeability recovery rate was above 66%.(2)For double-layer commingled reservoirs,the flow rate index revealed weak damage and the overall damage in double-layer was lower than the single-layer reservoirs.(3)There is no significant alteration in the microscopic structure of fuzzy-ball saturated cores with no evidence of fines migration.The dissolution of lead and sulfur occurred in coal samples,while tellurium in sandstone,aluminum,and magnesium in carbonate.However,the precipitation of aluminum,magnesium,and sodium occurred in sandstone but no precipitates found in coal and carbonate.The temporal plugging and dispersion characteristics of the FBWFs enable the generation of reservoir protection layers that will minimize formation damage due to solid and fluid invasion.展开更多
为达到桥梁结构损伤识别的目的,基于小波包分析方法提出了小波包能量变化率平方和(the sum square of wavelet packet energy change rate,简称WPERSS)损伤指标。分别将健康与损伤结构的加速度响应信号进行小波包分解得到小波包能量,通...为达到桥梁结构损伤识别的目的,基于小波包分析方法提出了小波包能量变化率平方和(the sum square of wavelet packet energy change rate,简称WPERSS)损伤指标。分别将健康与损伤结构的加速度响应信号进行小波包分解得到小波包能量,通过计算小波包能量变化率平方和损伤指标进行损伤识别。对简支梁模型进行数值模拟,分析单一损伤与两处损伤时不同损伤程度的损伤识别情况,分析不同噪声水平对识别效果的影响。结果表明,该指标可有效识别损伤位置且对噪声具有鲁棒性。对装配式双塔斜拉桥模型进行试验,联合多个测点响应的损伤指标可以判别结构的不同损伤状态,验证了小波包能量变化率平方和指标的有效性。展开更多
基金The authors wish to thank the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China(2016ZX05066).
文摘Fuzzy-ball working fluids(FBWFs)have been successfully applied in different development phases of tight reservoirs.Field reports revealed that FBWFs satisfactorily met all the operational and reservoir damage control requirements during their application.However,the damage-control mechanisms and degree of formation damage caused by fuzzy-ball fluids have not been investigated in lab-scale studies so far.In this study,the degree of fuzzy-ball-induced damage in single-and double-layer reservoirs was evaluated through core flooding experiments that were based on permeability and flow rate indexes.Additionally,its damage mechanisms were observed via scanning electron microscope and energy-dispersive spectroscopy tests.The results show that:(1)For single-layer reservoirs,the FBWF induced weak damage on coals and medium-to-weak damage on sandstones,and the difference of the damage in permeability or flow rate index on coals and sandstones is below 1%.Moreover,the minimum permeability recovery rate was above 66%.(2)For double-layer commingled reservoirs,the flow rate index revealed weak damage and the overall damage in double-layer was lower than the single-layer reservoirs.(3)There is no significant alteration in the microscopic structure of fuzzy-ball saturated cores with no evidence of fines migration.The dissolution of lead and sulfur occurred in coal samples,while tellurium in sandstone,aluminum,and magnesium in carbonate.However,the precipitation of aluminum,magnesium,and sodium occurred in sandstone but no precipitates found in coal and carbonate.The temporal plugging and dispersion characteristics of the FBWFs enable the generation of reservoir protection layers that will minimize formation damage due to solid and fluid invasion.
文摘为达到桥梁结构损伤识别的目的,基于小波包分析方法提出了小波包能量变化率平方和(the sum square of wavelet packet energy change rate,简称WPERSS)损伤指标。分别将健康与损伤结构的加速度响应信号进行小波包分解得到小波包能量,通过计算小波包能量变化率平方和损伤指标进行损伤识别。对简支梁模型进行数值模拟,分析单一损伤与两处损伤时不同损伤程度的损伤识别情况,分析不同噪声水平对识别效果的影响。结果表明,该指标可有效识别损伤位置且对噪声具有鲁棒性。对装配式双塔斜拉桥模型进行试验,联合多个测点响应的损伤指标可以判别结构的不同损伤状态,验证了小波包能量变化率平方和指标的有效性。
