Antibacterial mechanism of kojic acid and tea polyphenols against Escherichia coli O157:H7 through transcriptomic analysis

Escherichia coli O157:H7 is one of the major foodborne pathogenic bacterial that cause infectious diseases in humans.The previous found that a combination of kojic acid and tea polyphenols exhibited better activity against E.coli O157:H7 than using either alone.This study aimed to explore responses underlying the antibacterial mechanisms of kojic acid and tea polyphenols from the gene level.The functional enrichment analysis by comparing kojic acid and tea polyphenols individually or synergistically against E.coli O157:H7 found that acid resistance systems in kojic acid were activated,and the cell membrane and genomic DNA were destructed in the cells,resulting in“oxygen starvation”.The oxidative stress response triggered by tea polyphenols inhibited both sulfur uptake and the synthesis of ATP,which affected the bacteria's life metabolic process.Interestingly,we found that kojic acid combined with tea polyphenols hindered the uptake of iron that played an essential role in the synthesis of DNA,respiration,tricarboxylic acid cycle.The results suggested that the iron uptake pathways may represent a novel approach for kojic acid and tea polyphenols synergistically against E.coli O157:H7 and provided a theoretical basis for bacterial pathogen control in the food industry.

牛源性Escherichia coli O157:H7分离鉴定、耐药性及耐药基因分析

了解某牛场犊牛群发腹泻后继发胸膜炎、腹膜炎并造成犊牛大量死亡的主要病原菌及其耐药性情况。采集病死犊牛肺、腹膜和肠系膜等脏器,进行病原菌分离、鉴定,并对分离的主要致病菌株进行药敏试验及耐药基因检测。结果表明,引起此次犊牛腹泻及胸膜炎、腹膜炎的主要致病菌为E.coli O157:H7;药敏试验结果表明分离菌对青霉素、四环素和氨苄西林等12种抗生素耐药,对头孢哌酮、头孢他啶、丁胺卡那等8种抗生素敏感,表现为多重耐药。该分离菌同时携带tet B、str B、aad B、aph A、flo R和TEM等耐药基因,耐药基因型和耐药表型不完全相同。研究可为E.coli O157:H7的防治和耐药性控制提供依据。

基于dsDNA-CuNCs的荧光ELISA检测牛奶中的E.coli O157:H7

目的:建立了一种灵敏检测牛奶中大肠杆菌O157:H7的新型荧光酶联免疫吸附方法。方法:以碱性磷酸酶水解焦磷酸盐-Cu^(2+)配位复合物,释放出Cu^(2+)形成铜纳米簇作为信号报告探针,通过对关键因素Cu^(2+)浓度、焦磷酸盐浓度、DNA模板的浓度和长度进行优化。结果:在最优条件下,大肠杆菌O157:H7的菌数为5×10^(4)~1×10^(8)CFU/mL时,与荧光信号值有较好的线性关系(R^(2)=0.9808),最低检出限为2.4×10^(4)CFU/mL。结论:该方法成功地应用于低脂牛奶和脱脂牛奶样本中大肠杆菌O157:H7的测定,平均回收率为92.2%~10^(8).5%,相对标准偏差为4.9%~10.4%。

食品中肠出血性大肠杆菌O157∶H7的检测技术研究进展

近年来,因食源性致病菌造成的食品中毒正在不断增加,严重威胁了人类的健康,大肠杆菌(E.coli)O157∶H7由于其低感染剂量和高致病性等特点引起了研究人员和世界卫生组织的高度重视。因此精准快速的检测食品中的E.coli O157∶H7对食品安全问题有着重要的意义,是预防和控制食源性疾病传播的重要技术,为此本文对E.coli O157∶H7的常规检测方法、免疫学法、分子生物学法和其他方法进行论述,介绍了这些方法的优缺点,对各种方法进行了整体比较,以期为有关工作者在选择检测方法或研发新方法提供参考。

一种可快速检测大肠杆菌O157:H7的纸基传感器的制备与应用

大肠杆菌O157:H7是一种致病性较强的食源性细菌,通常在生制食品中被检出,一旦被人体摄入会引发肠道疾病,严重危害公众健康。本研究制备了功能化的长余辉探针,并结合适配体的特异性识别功能构建了能快速检测大肠杆菌O157:H7的纸基传感器,检出限达7.5×10^(3) CFU·mL^(-1)。该传感器可同时检测3个样品,具有特异性好、操作简便和环境友好的特点,可应用于大量样品中大肠杆菌O157:H7的快速筛查。

不同方法检测食品中大肠埃希氏菌O157:H7/HM能力验证结果比较与分析

为提高实验室对食品中大肠埃希氏菌O157∶H7的检验检测能力,笔者单位参加了由中国检验检疫科学研究院测试评价中心组织的食品中大肠埃希氏菌O157∶H7检测能力验证计划。此次实验采用国家标准《食品安全国家标准食品微生物学检验大肠埃希氏菌O157∶H7/NM检验》(GB 4789.36—2016)中的第一法和实时荧光PCR方法,分别对能力验证样品进行检测。结果显示,样品23-G520中未检出大肠埃希氏菌O157∶H7;样品23-F568中检出大肠埃希氏菌O157∶H7,结果反馈为满意。在能力验证实验中,不同检测方法同时使用、综合判断,能有效提高检测能力和结果的准确性。

用于Escherichia coli O157∶H7直接快速检测的倏逝波荧光核酸适配体传感器研究

通过融合倏逝波荧光光纤传感器和特异性核酸适配体的优势,提出了一种基于倏逝波荧光原理及其与病原菌尺寸效应的Escherichia coli O157∶H7(E.coli O157∶H7)直接快速检测方法。基本原理是当一定浓度荧光标记E.coli O157∶H7核酸适配体加入样品检测池时,倏逝波激发荧光分子发出荧光,利用倏逝波全光纤生物传感器即可实现荧光信号的定量检测;当荧光标记的核酸适配体与E.coli O157∶H7混合后加入样品检测池,因倏逝波渗入深度仅为100 nm,导致特异性结合E.coli O157∶H7的核酸适配体标记荧光分子不能被激发,从而使得检测荧光信号降低;利用荧光信号强度与E.coli O157∶H7浓度的比例关系即可实现其定量检测。结果表明:该方法检测E.coli O157∶H7的检测限可达610 CFU/mL,线性检测区间为1.1×10^3-1.4×10^7 CFU/mL。实际水样加标回收率在40%-180%之间,相对标准偏差在10%之内,水样基质对E.coli O157∶H7的检测没有明显影响。本研究建立基于倏逝波荧光原理及其与病原菌尺寸效应的生物传感分析方法具有普适性,仅需使用不同荧光标记的生物识别分子即可实现其他病原菌的直接快速检测。

食品中Escherichia coli O157:H7微滴数字PCR绝对定量检测方法的建立

为建立食品中Escherichia coli O157:H7的微滴数字聚合酶链式反应(droplet digital polymerase chain reaction,ddPCR)快速定量检测方法,针对E.coli O157:H7的特异性单拷贝基因hlyA设计引物探针,并进行特异性、灵敏度和重复性实验,同时通过人工污染三文鱼样品的检测,比较平板计数法、real-time PCR和ddPCR方法的测定值效果。结果表明,所建立的E.coli O157:H7 ddPCR检测方法具有良好的特异性、灵敏性和重复性。细菌纯培养液中定量限为105 CFU/mL,检出限为25 CFU/mL,人工污染三文鱼样品中检出限为110 CFU/g。对不同人工污染水平的三文鱼样品,ddPCR与平板计数的测定值结果无显著性差异(P>0.05),比real-time PCR方法的测定值结果更加稳定、准确。因此,本研究建立的ddPCR方法能够更加快速、准确、灵敏、特异地绝对定量检测食品中E.coli O157:H7。

Prevalence of shiga toxins(stx_1,stx_2),eaeA and hly genes of Escherichia coli O157:H7 strains among children with acute gastroenteritis in southern of Iran

Objective:To survey the prevalence severe diarrhea arising from these bacteria in children under 5 years old in Marvdasht.Methods:In this study faecal sample from 615 children aged <5years old who were hospitalized lor gastroenteritis in Fars hospitals in Iran were collected and then enriched in Escherichia coli(E.coli) broth and modified tryplone soy broth with novobiocin media,fermentation of sorbitol,lactose and β— glucoronidase activity of isolated strains was examined by CT—SMAC,VRBA and chromogenic media respectively.Then isolation of E.coli O157:H7 have been confirmed with the use of specific antisera and with multiplex PCR method presence of virulence genes including:xtx_1.stx_2,eae.A.hly has been analyzed.Results:E.coli O157:H7 was detected in 7(1.14%) stool specimens.A significanl difference was seen between detection rale of isolated bacteria from age groups 18-23 months and other age groups(P=0.004).Out of considered virulence genes.only 1 of the isolated strains(0.16%)he stx,and eaeA genes were seen and also all isolated hacleria had resistance to penicillin,ampicillin and erythromycin antibiotics.Conclusions:We found thai children < 2 years of age were at highest risk of infection with E.coli O157:H7.Regarding severity of E.coli O157:H7 pathogenesis,low infectious dose and lack of routine assay for detection ol these bacleria in clinical laboratory,further and completed studies on diagnosis and genolyping of this E.coli O157:H7 strain has been recommended.

Sensing Escherichia coli O157:H7 via frequency shift through a self-assembled monolayer based QCM immunosensor

By means of the specific immuno-recognition and ultra-sensitive mass detection, a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) biosensor for Escherichia coli O157:H7 detection was developed in this work. As a suitable surfactant, 16-mercaptohexadecanoic acid (MHDA) was introduced onto the Au surface of QCM, and then self-assembled with N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) raster as a reactive intermediate to provide an active interface for the specific antibody immobilization. The binding of target bacteria with the immobilized antibodies decreased the sensor’s resonant frequency, and the frequency shift was correlated to the bacterial concentration. The stepwise assembly of the immunosensor was characterized by means of the electrochemical techniques. Using the immersion-dry-immersion procedure, this QCM biosensor could detect 2.0×102 colony forming units (CFU)/ml E. coli O157:H7. In order to reduce the fabrication time, a polyelectrolyte layer-by-layer self-assembly (LBL-SA) method was adopted for fast construction. Finally, the reproducibility of this biosensor was discussed.

The intervention effects of Lactobacillus casei LC2W on Escherichia coli O157:H7-induced mouse colitis

This study investigated the intervention effects of Lactobacillus casei LC2W in murine(SPF C57BL/c)challenge infection models induced by Escherichia coli O157:H7.Mice were fed streptomycin with water for 3 days prior to intragastric gavage by E.coli O157:H7(Control)or L.casei LC2W together with E.coli O157:H7(Intervention)to explore the role of L.casei LC2W by biochemical indicators,histological evaluation,expression of colonic pro-inflammatory and intestinal barrier factors related to enteritis.Results showed that the administration of L.casei LC2W was able to alleviate the symptoms of colitis induced by E.coli O157:H7,exhibiting lower weight loss as well as more intact colon tissue.Furthermore,L.casei LC2W could down-regulate the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines(TNF-α,IL-6,and IL-1β)and protect the intestinal barrier function by improving the level of MUC2,ZO-1 and E-cadherin 1 compared to the control group.These results demonstrate that L.casei LC2W can reduce the severity of E.coli O157:H7 infection,and suggest L.casei LC2W may maintain the immune balance and intestinal barrier to reduce colitis.In addition,we found the effect of intervention is similar to that of prevention,which is better than that of treatment.

In Vitro Assessment of Probiotic Potential of Lactobacilus acidophilus and Antagonistic Activity Against Escherichia coli O157:H7

The antagonistic activity of Lactobacillus acidophilus KLDS1.0901,KLDS1.0902,KLDS1.1003 and NCFM against Escherichia coli O157:H7 were investigated in this study.The culture supernatants of all the L.acidophilus stains showed high bacteriostatic activities against E.coli O157:H7 and the bacteriostatic substances of their Cell-Free Supernatants(CFS)were preliminarily determined from organic acids.The bacteriostatic activity from CFS or viable L.acidophilus against E.coli O157:H7was also assessed by using co-incubation methods,CFS had high bactericidal activity against E.coli O157:H7,no viable E.coli O157:H7 was detected when 5×107 cfu of E.coli O157:H7 was added to 5 m L of CFS and incubated at 37℃for 2 h.However,L.acidophilus themselves had no bacteriostatic activity after directly contacted with E.coli O157:H7.The inhibition E.coli O157:H7adhesion and colonization of L.acidophilus were also investigated based on competition,exclusion and displacement assays.L.acidophilus KLDS1.0901,KLDS1.1003 and NCFM strains were effective to displace E.coli O157:H7 from a Caco-2 cell layer in competition and exclusion assays.However,in displacement assay,all of the strains showed no signifi cant antagonistic activities.Meanwhile,the probiotic potential of L.acidophilus strains was investigated based on adhesion assay to Caco-2 cells and antiinfl ammatory effects by IL-8 produced in Caco-2 cells.The adhesion ability and anti-infl ammatory effects of L.acidophilus strains showed a strain-dependent manner.In general,L.acidophilus KLDS1.0901 and NCFM showed better probiotic potential than KLDS1.0902 and KLDS1.1003.Thus,the use of L.acidophilus KLDS1.0901 and NCFM to prevent or treat of diseases associated induced E.coli O157:H7 in vivo was suggested.

Effects of Sodium Lactate on the Survival of <i>Listeria Monocytogenes</i>, <i>Escherichia coli</i>O157:H7, and <i>Salmonella</i>spp. in Cooked Ham at Refrigerated and Abuse Temperatures

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of sodium lactate on the survival of Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli O157: H7, and Salmonella spp. in cooked ham during storage at refrigerated and abuse temperatures. Cooked ham was added with 0% - 3% lactate, inoculated with a multiple-strain mixture of L. monocytogenes, E. coli O157: H7, or Salmonella spp. and stored at 4oC - 15oC for up to 35 day. The growth of the three pathogens was inhibited in ham containing 3% lactate, and no growth of E. coli O157: H7 and Salmonella spp. occurred at the lowest storage tem- peratures of 6 and 8oC, respectively. In ham containing no lactate, the average growth rates were 0.256 - 0.380 log CFU/day for L. monocytogenes at 4oC - 8oC, 0.242 - 0.315 log CFU/day for E. coli O157: H7 at 8oC - 15oC, and 0.249 - 0.328 log CFU/day for Salmonella spp. at 10oC - 15oC. The addition of 1% or 2% lactate significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the growth rates of the three pathogens, and the effect was more profound at lower temperatures. Salmonella spp. were more sensitive to the effect of lactate than L. monocytogenes and E. coli O157: H7. Polynomial models were developed to describe the growth rates of the three pathogens as affected by the lactate concentration and storage tem- perature. Results from this study demonstrate the effect of lactate on the growth of L. monocytogenes, E. coli O157: H7, and Salmonella spp. in cooked ham and indicate the effective lactate concentrations and storage temperatures that can be used to enhance the microbiological safety of ready-to-eat ham products.

PCR-DGGE analysis of earthworm gut bacteria diversity in stress of <i>Escherichia coli</i>O157:H7

In order to test if the intestinal bacteria play an important role in antibacterial ability of earthworm, we chose Escherichia coli O157:H7, an anthropozoonosis pathogen, as a biological stressor and studied the change of intestinal bacteria community of earthworm by PCR-DGGE analysis. Results showed that the pathogen merely existed 1 - 3 days, then almost disappeared after through the earthworm’s gut. In this period, the diversity and abundance index of intestinal bacteria increased first, then decreased, and finally kept stably after 7 days. The result demonstrated that the intestinal bacteria of earthworm had ability of adjust community structure to eliminate the pathogen E. coli O157:H7, and the amount of bacteria Bacillus increased significantly, which might be the positive antagonism to E. coli O157:H7.

Escherichia coli O157:H7等七种微生物基因组全基因、CDS 和相关信息数据库的建立

本项研究构建的数据库包括了 Escherichia coli O157:H 等七种微生物的全部基因数据、CDS 的数据,以及其相关信息,因为这七种微生物在进化上的关系比较近,有利于开展进一步的基因比较研究,以便从中得到各自的特征,或进行同源性的研究;也可以提供给普通用户进行检索。本项研究的所有数据来自于 NCBI,通过对下栽的原始数据进行整理和提取,建立了自己的数据库,以方便选一步研究使用。数据库的构建采用的是当前最为流行、稳定、高效的网络数据库工具软件组合,即:Apache+PHP+MySQL 组合。使用 PHP 解析原来的原始数据,然后写入 MySQL 构建的数据库中。MySQL 数据库中把数据分成三个模块,Features 表中主要是基因特性的相关数据,象基因编码序列、基因功能等;Reference 中是这些基因的相关文章的索引,Main中存储的是完整的基因组数据和所有这些基因组的全序列数据、分类、以及到其他数据库的索引等数据。使用 PHP 解析数据时,根据 NCBI 原始数据结构模型和自己构建的数据库结构,使用了针对关键字的方法,把原始数据提取到自建的数据库中。数据库提供复合查询界面,用户可以通过查询界面按照多种条件对数据库进行查询,查询结果以列表的形式列出,可以逐条显示其具体查询结果。

Evaluation of Organic Acid-Based Sanitizers for Reduction of <i>Escherichia coli</i>O157:H7 during Flume-Washing of Organic Leafy Greens

Antimicrobial efficacy of three novel organic sanitizers, CHICO WashTM, C8C10 and CG100, was evaluated for the reduction of Escherichia coli O157:H7 during flume-washing of organic leafy greens. Organic formulations at various concentrations: CHICO (C3H8I0C3O7) WashTM (1:20 ratio) and C8C10 and CG100 (0.2 and 0.4%), along with the controls: hydrogen-peroxide and water, were used for washing organic baby and mature spinach and romaine and iceberg lettuce. Leafy greens were inoculated with a 2-strain cocktail of E. coli O157:H7 (6 logs CFU/mL) and washed in each treatment for 1 or 2 minutes. The treated leafy greens were stored at 4°C and surviving pathogen populations determined on days 0, 1, and 3 of storage. Organic sanitizers, for both treatment times, significantly (P E. coli O157:H7 on all the leafy greens during storage. Highest reduction (3.4 logs CFU/g) was observed after treatment with CG100 (0.4%) in romaine lettuce, while CHICO WashTM showed greater than 2 logs CFU/g reduction on all the leafy greens, by day 3. This study demonstrates the potential application of organic sanitizers in flume-washing of organic leafy greens for the reduction of E. coli O157:H7.

Evaluation of zoonotic potency of Escherichia coli O157:H7 through arbitrarily primed PCR methods

Objective: To evaluate the zoonotic potency of Escherichia coli O157:H7 through arbitrarily primed-PCR(AP-PCR) methods as one of the DNA fingerprinting methods.Methods: A total of 14 isolates consisted of 11 isolates originated from human feces with renal failure symptoms, 2 isolates originated from cattle feces, and 1 control isolate were used in this study. DNA of each isolate was extracted, and their pro files were studied by using AP-PCR method with M13 F and M13 R arbitrary primers.Results: The results founded that all of 14 isolates had similarity range from 54.6% to88.5%. Isolates KL-106(3) and KL-55(6) originated from humans showed the degree of similarity with isolates SM-25(1) and SM-7(1) originated from cattle as high as 85% and77%, respectively.Conclusions: The high degree of similarity between isolates originated from cattle and human indicated the high potency of zoonoses. The results also concluded AP-PCR method as a brie fly fingerprinting method in order to trace the epidemiological of E. coli O157:H7.

Survival and Growth Characteristics of <i>Escherichia coli </i>O157:H7 in Pomegranate-Carrot and Pomegranate-Apple Blend Juices

Unpasteurized fruit juice has been implicated in outbreaks of Escherichia coli O157:H7 (E. coli O157:H7). Meanwhile, certain fruit, such as pomegranate, contains antimicrobial components. The objective of this study was to investigate the survival and growth characteristics of E. coli O157:H7 on pomegranate juice in laboratory medium and in pomegranate-carrot and pomegranate-apple blend juices at different concentrations. Single strain of E. coli O157:H7 (E0019, H1730, and Cider) was inoculated into brain heart infusion (BHI) broth or a mixture of three strains was inoculated into the blended juices containing pomegranate juice. Our results showed that the addition of pomegranate juice inhibited the growth of tested E. coli O157:H7 in both laboratory medium and blended juices.The antimicrobial activity increased with increased concentrations of pomegranate juice (P < 0.001) and incubation times.The bacterial population was reduced by at least 2 log CFU/ml in BHI broth and juice blend samples in the presence of 20% and 40% Pomegranate juice respectively. Sensory evaluations performed using a 9 point hedonic scale showed significant satisfaction on using 40% pomegranate juice blend with carrot and apple juices. Our study suggests that pomegranate juice could be used as a natural antimicrobial in different food systems including juices to inhibit the growth of E. coli O157:H7.

Analysis on the Epidemiological Characteristics of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Infection in Xuzhou,Jiangsu,China,1999

Objective:To determine epidemiologic features of an Escherichia coli O157:H7 outbreak occurred in Xuzhou,Jiangsu Province,China in 1999,and assess the incidence of E. coli O157:H7 in diarrhea patients and host animals and its relationship with disease onset,and provide a scientific basis for establishing prevention and control strategies. Methods: Epidemiological,microbiological,and molecular methods were performed to identify risk factors and describe the ecology of E. coli O157:H7 in the environment. Results: From May to September,in 1999,99 cases of E. coli O157:H7 infection were confirmed. Fifty-six patients were enrolled in the case-control study. Bad personal health habits and poor sanitary conditions in the kitchen were associated with increased risks of infection,whereas hand washing was protective. The household survey indicated that residents in the epidemic region during the outbreak had higher than expected rates of diarrhea. The total E. coli O157:H7 carrier rate in the livestock was 12.36%(22/178),specifically 19.15% in cattle,12.50% in goat,and 11.11% in swine. Numerical analysis of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis(PFGE) profiles divided strains into two clusters with 77.5% homology. One cluster contained 11 strains isolated from diarrheal patients,foods,and animals. The other cluster comprised 10 strains from patients and environment. Conclusion: In a large outbreak of E. coli O157:H7 infection among predominantly elderly residents in Xuzhou,high rates of carriage of E. coli O157: H7 among host animals most likely resulted in contamination of the environment,thereby leading to the outbreak. Effective and preventive control measures should be taken to avoid contamination,including environmental and family health improvement,good personal hygiene,and safe food handling practices.