Endoscopic and surgical resection of T1a/T1b esophageal neoplasms: A systematic review

AIM: To investigate potential therapeutic recommendations for endoscopic and surgical resection of T1a/ T1b esophageal neoplasms. METHODS: A thorough search of electronic databases MEDLINE, Embase, Pubmed and Cochrane Library, from 1997 up to January 2011 was performed. An analysis was carried out, pooling the effects of outcomes of 4241 patients enrolled in 80 retrospective studies. For comparisons across studies, each reporting on only one endoscopic method, we used a random effects meta-regression of the log-odds of the outcome of treatment in each study. "Neural networks" as a data mining technique was employed in order to establish a prediction model of lymph node status in superficial submucosal esophageal carcinoma. Another data mining technique, the "feature selection and root cause analysis", was used to identify the most impor-tant predictors of local recurrence and metachronous cancer development in endoscopically resected patients, and lymph node positivity in squamous carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma (ADC) separately in surgically resected patients. RESULTS: Endoscopically resected patients: Low grade dysplasia was observed in 4% of patients, high grade dysplasia in 14.6%, carcinoma in situ in 19%, mucosal cancer in 54%, and submucosal cancer in 16% of patients. There were no significant differences between endoscopic mucosal resection and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for the following parameters: complications, patients submitted to surgery, positive margins, lymph node positivity, local recurrence and metachronous cancer. With regard to piecemeal resection, ESD performed better since the number of cases was significantly less [coefficient: -7.709438, 95%CI: (-11.03803, -4.380844), P < 0.001]; hence local recurrence rates were significantly lower [coefficient: -4.033528, 95%CI: (-6.151498, -1.915559),P < 0.01]. A higher rate of esophageal stenosis was observed following ESD [coefficient: 7.322266, 95%CI: (3.810146, 10.83439), P < 0.001]. A significantly greater number of SCC patients were submitted to surgery (log-odds, ADC: -2.1206 ± 0.6249 vs SCC: 4.1356 ± 0.4038, P < 0.05). The odds for re-classification of tumor stage after endoscopic resection were 53% and 39% for ADC and SCC, respectively. Local tumor recurrence was best predicted by grade 3 differentiation and piecemeal resection, metachronous cancer development by the carcinoma in situ component, and lymph node positivity by lymphovascular invasion. With regard to surgically resected patients: Significant differences in patients with positive lymph nodes were observed between ADC and SCC [coefficient: 1.889569, 95%CI: (0.3945146, 3.384624), P<0.01). In contrast, lymphovascular and microvascular invasion and grade 3 patients between histologic types were comparable, the respective rank order of the predictors of lymph node positivity was: Grade 3, lymphovascular invasion (L+), microvascular invasion (V+), submucosal (Sm) 3 invasion, Sm2 invasion and Sm1 invasion. Histologic type (ADC/SCC) was not included in the model. The best predictors for SCC lymph node positivity were Sm3 invasion and (V+). For ADC, the most important predictor was (L+). CONCLUSION: Local tumor recurrence is predicted by grade 3, metachronous cancer by the carcinoma insitu component, and lymph node positivity by L+. T1b cancer should be treated with surgical resection.

Surgically treating a rare and asymptomatic intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct:A case report

BACKGROUND Intraductal papillary neoplasms of the bile duct(IPNBs)are rare and characterized by papillary growth within the bile duct lumen.IPNB is similar to obstructive biliary pathology.In this report,we present an unexpected case of asymptomatic IPNB and consolidate our findings with the relevant literature to augment our understanding of this condition.Integrating relevant literature contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of the disease.CASE SUMMARY A 66-year-old Chinese male patient was admitted to our hospital for surgical intervention after gallstones were discovered during a routine physical examination.Preoperative imaging revealed a lesion on the left side of the liver,which raised the suspicion of IPNB.A laparoscopic left hemihepatectomy was performed,and subsequent histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of IPNB.At the 3-mo postoperative follow-up,the patient reported good recovery and no metastasis.IPNB can manifest both latently and asymptomatically.Radical surgical resection is the most effective treatment for IPNB.CONCLUSION Hepatic and biliary masses,should be considered to diagnose IPNB.Prompt surgery and vigilant follow-up are crucial in determining prognosis.

Surgical Treatment of Carcinoma of Esophagus and Gastric Cardia—A 34—year Investigation

Methods The patients were divided into A,Band C groups:3155 patients (group A)were treated surgically in the first 14 years ,5952 patients (group B)in the next 10 years ,and 3863 patients (group C)in the last 10 years .The early stage lesions (Tis ,Ti)were as-signed as a separate group.The results of these groups were compared. Results The respectability for esophageal and gastric cardiac carcinoma wsa 94.0% and 84.4% respectively ,and the overall respectability .The overall operative mortality was 1.8%,it was 4.4% for group A, 1.6% for group B,and 0.5% for group C.The overall 5-year sur-vival was 31.6%.The 5-year survival for groups A, B,C and the early stage group was 27.0% ,29.1%,32.0% and 92.6%,respect-tively.Among the 3 temporal groups,differences were observed in tems of lesion stage,location and size,surgery with or without com-bined therapy and postoperative complications. Conclusion Best results were achieved in the early cases,with a respectability of 100% and a 5-year survival of 92.6%.The indications for surgical treatment were extended with increased respectability and decreased mortality.Subtotal esophagectomy combined with cervical esophagogastrostomy was advocated as the procedure of first choice for esophageal carcinoma in attempt to diminish the chance of recur-rence,and to achieve better outcomes by using combined therapy for patients with≥stage Ⅲ lesion.

Successful outcome after combined chemotherapeutic and surgical management in a case of esophageal cancer with breast and brain relapse

Esophageal cancer (EC) is a highly lethal disease. Approximately 50% of patients present with metastatic EC and most patients with localized EC will have local recurrence or develop metastases, despite potentially curative local therapy. The most common sites of distant recurrence are represented by lung, liver and bone while brain and breast metastases are rare. Usually patients with advanced disease are not treated aggressively and their median survival is six months. We report a woman patient who developed breast and brain metastases after curative surgery. We treated her with a highly aggressive chemotherapeutic and surgical combination resulting in a complete remission of the disease even after 11-year follow-up. We think that in super selected patients with more than one metastasis, when functional status is good and metastases are technically resectable, a surgical excision may be considered as a salvage option and chemotherapy should be delivered to allow a systemic control.

Diagnosis and surgical treatment of hepatic hilar cholangiocarcinoma

BACKGROUND: Hepatic hilar cholangiocarcinoma can be diagnosed early with the progress in diagnostic imaging, and thus the rate of resection of the tumor has increased markedly. To assess the effectiveness of resection, we reviewed 185 cases of hepatic hilar cholangiocarcinoma diagnosed and treated at our hospital. METHODS: The clinical data of 185 patients with hepatic hilar cholangiocarcinoma who had been treated surgically from 1972 to 2006 were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: The records of the 185 patients were divided into first stage (1972-1986) or second stage (1987-2006) according to the incidence of the tumor and its resection rate. Primary symptoms included upper abdominal discomfort or pain, anorexia, tiredness, weight loss and progressive jaundice. Ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) were first line methods for atraumatic diagnosis. If the patients displayed intrahepatic bile duct dilatation or were diagnosed as suffering from extrahepatic obstructive jaundice, percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC), MRCP or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) should be used. In this series, 87 patients underwent resection of the tumor (47.0%). Of the 87 patients, 43 received radical resection and 44 palliative resection. Fifteen patients underwent resection in the first stage and 72 in the second stage. A total of 74 patients were followed up after the resection. The median survival time of the radical resection group was 37 months and that of the palliative resection group was 17 months (P<0.001). The other 62 patients receiving no resection died within 1.5 years. CONCLUSIONS: Once patients are diagnosed with hepatic hilar cholangiocarcinoma, they should undergo exploratory laparotomy. Resection is the most effective method for the treatment of hepatic hilar cholangiocarcinoma.

Covered nitinol stents for the treatment of esophageal strictures and leaks

AIM:To compare 2 different types of covered esophageal nitinol stents(Ultraflex and Choostent) in terms of efficacy,complications,and long-term outcome.METHODS:A retrospective review of a consecutive series of 65 patients who underwent endoscopic placement of an Ultraflex stent(n = 33) or a Choostent(n = 32) from June 2001 to October 2009 was conducted.RESULTS:Stent placement was successful in all patients without hospital mortality.No significant differences in patient discomfort and complications were observed between the Ultraflex stent and Choostent groups.The median follow-up time was 6 mo(interquartile range 3-16 mo).Endoscopic reintervention was required in 9 patients(14%) because of stent migration or food obstruction.No significant difference in the rate of reintervention between the 2 groups was observed(P = 0.8).The mean dysphagia score 1 mo after stent placement was 1.9 ± 0.3 for the Ultraflex stent and 2.1 ± 0.4 for the Choostent(P = 0.6).At 1-mo follow-up endoscopy,the cover membrane of the stent appeared to be damaged more frequently in the Choostent group(P = 0.34).Removal of the Choostent was possible up to 8 wk without difficulty.CONCLUSION:Ultraflex and Choostent proved to be equally reliable for palliation of dysphagia and leaks.Removal of the Choostent was easy and safe under mild sedation.

Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy plus surgery in the treatment of potentially resectable thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

BACKGROUNDIn recent years, neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT) combined with surgeryhas been gradually applied in patients with locally advanced thoracic esophagealcancer, but its effectiveness and safety remains unclear. In this clinical trial, weprospectively investigated the efficacy and safety of NCRT plus surgery in thetreatment of thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (TESCC).AIMTo investigate the efficacy and safety of NCRT combined with surgery in thetreatment of potentially resectable TESCC.METHODSThirty patients with advanced TESCC hospitalized in our hospital from July2016 to June 2019 were prospectively studied. All patients received NCRT, whichincluded intensity modulated conformal radiotherapy (40-44 Gy/20-22f, 2 Gy/f)and chemotherapy (paclitaxel 150-175 mg/m2d1, 22 + lobaplatin 25-30 mg/m2d2,23 for two cycles). Surgery was performed after radiotherapy and chemotherapy.The effectiveness and safety of these treatments were observed.RESULTSAmong these 30 patients, complete response was achieved in two cases (6.7%) andpartial response in 26 cases (86.7%), yielding an objective response rate of 100%.All patients underwent radical surgery successfully. The R0 resection rate was100%, and the pathologic complete response rate was 33.3%. The incidence ofgrade III- IV granulocytopenia was 10% during the NCRT, and anastomoticleakage occurred in one patient after surgery.CONCLUSIONFor patients with potentially resectable TESCC, NCRT can effectively reduce thetumor size, increase R0 resection rate, and achieve obvious pathologicaldegradation, with mild adverse reactions. Thus, it is worthy of wider clinicalapplication.

Medical expenditure for esophageal cancer in China:a 10-year multicenter retrospective survey(2002-2011)

Background: Esophageal cancer is associated with substantial disease burden in China, and data on the economic burden are fundamental for setting priorities in cancer interventions. The medical expenditure for the diagnosis and treatment of esophageal cancer in China has not been fully quantified. This study aimed to examine the medical expenditure of Chinese patients with esophageal cancer and the associated trends.Methods: From 2012 to 2014, a hospital-based multicenter retrospective survey was conducted in 37 hospitals in 13 provinces/municipalities across China as a part of the Cancer Screening Program of Urban China. For each esophageal cancer patient diagnosed between 2002 and 2011, clinical information and expense data were extracted by using structured questionnaires. All expense data were reported in Chinese Yuan(CNY; 1 CNY = 0.155 USD) based on the2011 value and inflated using the year-specific health care consumer price index for China.Results: A total of 14,967 esophageal cancer patients were included in the analysis. It was estimated that the overall average expenditure per patient was 38,666 CNY, and an average annual increase of 6.27% was observed from 2002(25,111 CNY) to 2011(46,124 CNY). The average expenditures were 34,460 CNY for stage Ⅰ,39,302 CNY for stage Ⅱ,40,353 CNY for stage Ⅲ, and 37,432 CNY for stage IV diseases(P < 0.01). The expenditure also differed by the therapy type, which was 38,492 CNY for surgery, 27,933 CNY for radiotherapy, and 27,805 CNY for chemotherapy(P < 0.05).Drugs contributed to 45.02% of the overall expenditure.Conclusions: These conservative estimates suggested that medical expenditures for esophageal cancer in China substantially increased in the last 10 years, treatment for early-stage esophageal cancer costs less than that for advanced cases, and spending on drugs continued to account for a considerable proportion of the overall expenditure.

Radiotherapy combined with nimotuzumab for elderly esophageal cancer patients:A phaseⅡclinical trial

Objective:To investigate the safety and efficacy of nimotuzumab combined with radiotherapy for elderly patients with non-resectable esophageal carcinoma(EC).Methods:Eligible patients were aged 70 years or older and had treatment-naive,histologically proven inoperable locally advanced EC.Enrolled patients received radiotherapy with a total dose of 50-60 Gy in 25-30 fractions,concurrent with weekly infusion of nimotuzumab.The primary end point was the rate of more than grade 3 toxicities.Results:From June 2011 to July 2016,46 patients with stageⅡ-IV EC with a median age of 76.5 years were enrolled.There were 10,28 and 8 patients with stageⅡ,III and IV disease,respectively.The common acute toxicities included esophagitis(grade 1-2,75.4%;grade 3,8.7%),pneumonitis(grade 1,4.3%;grade 2,6.5%;grade3,2.2%),leukopenia(grade 1-2,60.9%;grade 3-4,4.4%),gastrointestinal reaction(grade 1-2,17.3%;grade 3,2.2%),thrombocytopenia(grade 1-2,21.7%;grade 3,2.2%),and radiothermitis(grade 1-2,39.2%).The incidence of grade 3-4 adverse effects was 17.4%.No grade 5 toxicities were observed.Clinical complete response,partial response,stable disease,and progressive disease were observed in 1(2.2%),31(67.4%),12(26.1%),and 2(4.3%)patients,respectively.The median overall survival(OS)and progression-free survival(PFS)were 17 and 10 months,respectively.The 2-,3-,and 5-year OS and PFS rates were 30.4%,21.7%,19.6%,and 26.1%,19.6%,19.6%,respectively.Conclusions:Nimotuzumab combined with radiotherapy is a safe and effective therapy for elderly patients who are not surgical candidates.Further studies are warranted to confirm its therapeutic effects in elderly EC patients.

Surgical Therapeutic Strategy for Non-small Cell Lung Cancer with Mediastinal Lymph Node Metastasis (N2)

Background and objective Approximately 30% of patients who are diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are classified as N2 on the basis of metastasis to the mediastinal lymph nodes. The effectiveness of surgery for these patients remains controversial. Although surgeries in recent years are proved to be effective to some extent,yet due to many reasons,5-year survival rate after surgery varies greatly from patient to patient. Thus it is necessary to select patients who have a high probability of being be cured through an operation,who are suitable to receive surgery and the best surgical methods so as to figure out the conditions under which surgical treatment can be chosen and the factors that may influence prognosis. Methods 165 out of 173 patients with N2 NSCLC were treated with surgery in our department from January 1999 to May 2003,among whom 130 were male,43 female and the sex ratio was 3:1,average age 53,ranging from 29 to 79. The database covers the patients’ complete medical history including the information of their age,sex,location and size of tumor,date of operation,surgical methods,histologic diagnosis,clinical stage,post-operative TNM stage,neoadjuvant treatment and chemoradiotherapy. The methods of clinical stage verification include chest X-ray,chest CT,PET,mediastinoscopy,bronchoscope (+?),brain CT or MRI,abdominal B ultrasound (or CT),and bone ECT. The pathological classification was based on the international standard for lung cancer (UICC 1997). Survival time was analyzed from the operation date to May 2008 with the aid of SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) program. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis,Log-rank test and Cox multiplicity were adopted respectively to obtain patients’ survival curve,survival rate and the impact possible factors may have on their survival rate. Results The median survival time was 22 months,with 3-year survival rate reaching 28.1% and 5-year survival rate reaching 19.0%. Age,sex,different histological classification and postoperative chemoradiotherapy seem to have no correlation with 5-year survival rate. In all N2 subtypes,5-year survival rate is remarkably higher for unexpected N2 discovered at thoractomy and proven N2 stage before preoperative work-up and receive a mediastinal down-staging after induction therapy (P<0.01),reaching 30.4% and 27.3% respectively. 5-year survival rate for single station lymph node metastasis were 27.8%,much higher compared with 9.3% for multiple stations (P<0.001). Induction therapy which downstages proven N2 in 73.3% patients gains them the opportunity of surgery. The 5-year survival rate were 23.6% and 13.0% for patients who had complete resection and those who had incomplete resection (P<0.001). Patients who underwent lobectomy (23.2%) have higher survival rate,less incidence rate of complication and mortality rate,compared with pneumonectomy (14.8%) (P<0.01). T4 patients has a 5-year survival rate as low as 11.1%,much less than T1 (31.5%) and T2 (24.3%) patients (P=0.01). It is noted through Cox analysis that completeness of resection,number of positive lymph node stations and primary T status have significant correlativity with 5-year survival rate. Conclusion It is suggested that surgery (lobectomy preferentially) is the best solution for T1 and T2 with primary tumor have not invaded pleura or the distance to carina of trachea no less than 2 cm,unexpected N2 discovered at thoractomy when a complete resection can be applied,and proven N2 discovered during preoperative work-up and is down-staged after induction therapy. Surgical treatment is the best option,lobectomy should be prioritized in operational methods since ite rate of complication and morality are lower than that of pneumonectomy. Patients’ survival time will not benefit from surgery if they are with lymph nodes metastasis of multiple stations (Bulky N2 included) and T4 which can be partially removed. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy increases long-term survival rate of those with N2 proven prior to surgery. However,postoperative radiotherapy decreases local recurrence rate but does not contribute to patients’ long-term survival rate.

Review of(acquired) incidental, rare and difficult tracheoesophageal fistula management

Acquired benign tracheoesophageal fistula is a rare condition and a difficult problem. The rarity and unpredictable presentation of this condition makes the design and setting of randomized prospective trials impossible. Guidelines on this matter are also difficult to establish. Based on a comprehensive evaluation of published literature and their experience, the authors review the etiology and best options for treatment, either surgical and non surgical, according to present knowledge.

pN_(0)期食管鳞癌患者胸腹两野术后2年内复发的因素分析

目的:探讨胸腹两野术后pN_(0)期食管鳞癌患者2年内复发的因素及其特点。方法:收集自2013年01月至2018年12月在我院接受手术治疗且符合入组条件的食管癌术后患者共467例,分析其生存情况、2年内复发的影响因素和复发模式等,应用SPSS 25.0统计软件进行统计分析。结果:全组患者1、3、5年总生存率分别为88.4%、71.9%和62.9%;55例患者2年内出现复发,其1、3、5年总生存率显著性低于其他患者(χ^(2)=103.258,P=0.000)。2年内复发患者的复发时间为1.2~24.0个月,中位9.0个月。单因素分析结果显示胸上段食管癌患者在2年内复发的比率为21.3%,显著性高于胸中/下段癌患者(χ^(2)=7.045,P=0.030);术中粘连程度越高则复发率越高(χ^(2)=6.653,P=0.036);pT分期越晚的患者其复发的风险也显著性增加(χ^(2)=15.975,P=0.001)。多因素分析结果显示食管病变部位和T分期为影响本组患者2年内复发的独立性因素(P=0.011、0.000)。单纯纵隔内淋巴结复发26例(47.3%),为本组2年内复发患者的主要复发部位。结论:pN_(0)期胸段食管鳞癌患者其2年内有较高的局部复发率,且复发模式主要以纵隔淋巴结复发为主,病理T分期和病变部位为影响其2年内复发的独立性影响因素,临床医师应对胸上段食管癌和pT分期较晚的患者进行积极随访观察和必要的辅助治疗。

基于倾向性评分匹配的机器人与腹腔镜全直肠系膜切除术的短期疗效分析

目的:对比机器人与腹腔镜全直肠系膜切除术的短期临床疗效。方法:回顾分析2020年8月至2022年12月行机器人与腹腔镜全直肠系膜切除术的112例患者的临床资料。采用倾向评分匹配法对两组患者的临床资料进行1∶1匹配,两组各30例患者匹配成功,匹配后对比分析两组手术情况、术后恢复情况及术后30 d并发症。结果:匹配后两组患者临床资料差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。机器人组中1例中转腹腔镜手术,腹腔镜组无中转开腹。两组左结肠动脉保留、盆底腹膜关闭、环周切缘阳性率、远切缘距离、淋巴结清扫数量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。机器人组预防性回肠造口率低于腹腔镜组,术中出血量少于腹腔镜组,吻合口加固缝合数量多于腹腔镜组,术后第1天C-反应蛋白水平低于腹腔镜组,总手术时间长于腹腔镜组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组首次排气时间、拔除尿管时间、肛管留置时间、首次进食时间、术后住院时间、术后30 d并发症差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:机器人全直肠系膜切除术可获得与腹腔镜手术相似的短期临床疗效,机器人手术时间更长,但具有组织损伤轻、术中出血少、回肠造口率低的优势。

不同免充气腔镜术式治疗甲状腺癌的效果比较

目的比较免充气经口腔前庭入路与免充气经腋窝入路对腔镜治疗甲状腺癌效果的影响。方法回顾性分析2019年1月至2023年6月中国科学技术大学附属第一医院西区(安徽省肿瘤医院)收治的95例单侧甲状腺癌患者的临床资料,其中45例患者选自同期行经腋窝入路腔镜手术患者,50例选自同期行经口腔前庭腔入路腔镜手术患者。比较2种手术方式的疗效。结果2组患者在手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、术后3 d引流量、术后并发症及美容满意度方面比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);经口腔前庭组中央区淋巴结清扫数目多于经腋窝组(P<0.05)。结论经口腔前庭入路腔镜甲状腺手术体表无瘢痕较经腋窝入路腔镜手术在中央区淋巴结清扫上更有优势。

海信CAS辅助下高强度聚焦超声消融治疗晚期胰腺癌效果

目的探讨海信计算机辅助系统(CAS)辅助下高强度聚焦超声(HIFU)治疗胰腺癌的效果。方法选取2020年1月-2021年5月于我院拟行HIFU治疗的22例胰腺癌患者。术前采用海信CAS将二维CT图像进行三维重建,明确胰腺肿瘤与周围肠道、脏器的毗邻关系,通过实体瘤疗效评价标准评价局部消融疗效,并记录患者术后并发症发生情况。结果海信CAS数字化三维重建结果可清晰显示胰腺肿瘤与周围肠道、脏器的毗邻关系,协助实现精准消融。22例胰腺癌患者中完全缓解率为9.1%,部分缓解率为68.2%,疾病稳定率为13.6%,疾病进展率为9.1%。所有患者在HIFU术后均未出现胃肠道穿孔、急性胰腺炎、胰瘘及消化道出血等严重并发症,仅1例患者出现浅Ⅱ度皮肤灼伤。结论海信CAS辅助下HIFU治疗晚期胰腺癌效果较好,值得在临床推广。

卡瑞利珠单抗联合安罗替尼对晚期食管癌患者疗效及淋巴细胞亚群的影响

目的观察和分析晚期食管癌患者联合应用卡瑞丽珠单抗及安罗替尼的临床疗效以及对淋巴细胞亚群产生的影响。方法将自2020年1月至2023年3月进行治疗的晚期食管癌患者116例分为2组,均应用紫衫醇和紫杉醇^(+)顺铂(TP)方案,采用随机数字表法为分组工具,对照组联合应用卡瑞丽珠单抗注射液治疗,观察组联合应用卡瑞丽珠单抗及安罗替尼治疗,比较近期临床疗效、预后情况以及术后并发症情况。结果观察组患者客观缓解率及临床总有效率均高于对照组(P<0.05)。2组治疗前CD4^(+)、CD8^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)及NK细胞水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗后观察组CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)、NK细胞水平均高于对照组,CD8^(+)低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗前2组鳞状细胞瘤相关抗原(SCC-Ag)、高迁移率蛋白B1(HMGB1)、癌胚抗原(CEA)水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗后观察组各项血清肿瘤标志物水平均较对照组低(P<0.05)。观察组Ⅲ级声音嘶哑率、Ⅲ级肺炎率及Ⅲ级气胸率高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论晚期食管癌患者联合应用卡瑞丽珠单抗、安罗替尼对于促进近期临床疗效提升有重要意义,能够促进肿瘤标志物水平降低并可有效减轻对免疫力造成的影响。

Is surgical treatment of cancer of the gastric cardia or esophagus associated with a concurrent major pulmonary operation feasible？One center＇s experience

Background Pulmonary complications are a major cause of mortality after operation for cancer of the gastric cardia or esophagus.Although the risk involved in gastric cardiectomy or esophagectomy associated with a concurrent major pulmonary operation is expected to be much higher,it has seldom been evaluated on the basis of clinical experience.The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility and feasibility of the gastric cardiectomy or esophagectomy associated with a major pulmonary operation.Methods From August 2003 to January 2011,14 patients underwent concurrent gastric cardiectomy or esophagectomy and a major pulmonary operation in our hospital.This included eight for pulmonary invasion of esophageal carcinoma,and six for synchronous lung tumor.All patients underwent systematic lymph node dissection for cardiac or esophageal cancer.To prevent postoperative complications,the operative approach and dissection procedures for cardiac or esophageal carcinoma were modified according to the associated pulmonary operation and the extent of cancer invasion.All thoracotomies for cardiectomy or esophagectomy were performed on the same side as the major pulmonary operation.Results All patients underwent a curative operation.There were no deaths or postoperative complications in the six synchronous lung tumor patients.In the eight pulmonary invasion patients,one patient died of respiratory failure 11 days after operation,and postoperative complications developed in four of them,but none was fatal.Six patients were still alive.Conclusions Curative gastric cardiectomy or esophagectomy associated with concurrent major pulmonary operation is not contraindicated in patients in good condition.In selected patients,when the operative procedures for cardiectomy or esophagectomy are appropriately modified to minimize the effect of the associated pulmonary operation,the treatment is associated with a low operative morbidity and mortality with an acceptable long-term survival.

Spleen and pancreatic tail thorax translocation facilitating residual stomach esophagus anastomosis

Objective:To investigate the value of spleen and pancreatic tail thorax translocation on the residual stomach esophagus anastomosis.Methods:10 patients with esophageal carcinoma after gastrectomy were enrolled in this study. Lesions were removed through left thoracotomy and residual stomach was fully mobilized,with short gastric artery being re- served.Spleen and pancreatic tail were dissected from the back of peritoneum and transposed into thorax.Residual stomach esophagus anastomosis was performed.Results:All the operation went favorably.Patients were recovered rapidly and a relatively good prognosis was acquired.Late leakage and pleural effusion happened in one case respectively,but these com- plications were cured through conservative management without operation death.Conclusion:Residual stomach is an ideal candidate for the replacement of esophagus and residual stomach esophagus anastomosis is a simple operative alternative with few trauma and good results for the treatment of esophageal carcinoma after gastrectomy.

A double stapled technique for oesophago-enteric anastomosis

AIM: Leakage from oesophageal anastomosis is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. This study presented a novel, safe and effective double stapled technique for oesophago-enteric anastomosis. METHODS: The data were obtained prospectively from hospital held clinical database. Thirty nine patients (26 males, 13 females) underwent upper-gastrointestinal resection between 1996 and 2000 for carcinoma (n=36), gastric lymphoma (n=1), and benign pathology (n=2). Double stapled oesophago-enteric anastomosis was performed in all cases. RESULTS: No anastomotic leak was reported. In cases of malignancy, the resected margins were free of neoplasm. Three dears occurred, which were not related to anastomotic complications. CONCLUSION: Even though the reported study is an uncontrolled one, the technique described is reliable, and effective for oesophago-enteric anastomosis.