Most multicellular organisms can be categorised by two words： hierarchy and composite. The underlying fractal geometry of nature - at least in terms of provision of infrastructure - provides much of the hierarchy, al...Most multicellular organisms can be categorised by two words： hierarchy and composite. The underlying fractal geometry of nature - at least in terms of provision of infrastructure - provides much of the hierarchy, although many materials for which infrastructure is not an integral factor are also strongly hierarchical. Plants can therefore be modelled using recursive computer programs which add structures as the size increases. However, problems with mechanical stability also increase as the structure grows, so the plant changes from deriving stiffness from intevaal pressure to cross-linking the cell wall components permanently. However, this compromises the ability of the plant to grow and repair itself.展开更多
Ideas from engineering have helped the understanding of biological organisms for thousands of years. However, the mechanical aspects of biological materials and structures can, if properly interpreted and analysed, le...Ideas from engineering have helped the understanding of biological organisms for thousands of years. However, the mechanical aspects of biological materials and structures can, if properly interpreted and analysed, lead to a deeper understanding of the biology of organisms. Such an approach, although always current in some form, is nevertheless subject to the vagaries of fashion and the availability of analytical techniques. At present we are in a period of upturn. Areas of interest are deployable structures （applications in aerospace）, palaeontology （how little do we need to know in order to create a credible biosphere） and food science （we need a rational approach to the mechanics of food）.展开更多
Professor Karl Sudhoff had spent most of his career time researching the history of medical development in medieval Europe.The book collects the source fragment of the evidence of Professor Sudhoff's job.
Liang Yuchun, known as “China’s Elia” in the history of modern Chinese literature, once played an important rolein introducing and translating foreign literature, especially English essays, in the 1920s & 1930s...Liang Yuchun, known as “China’s Elia” in the history of modern Chinese literature, once played an important rolein introducing and translating foreign literature, especially English essays, in the 1920s & 1930s. The present studyfirst gives a general overview of Liang’s English prose translation. Then the author focuses her attention on theexploratory analysis of Liang’s motivation for translating English essays and his literary relationship with Britishessayists, John Galsworthy, Charles Lamb and Mary Russell Mitford in particular.展开更多
The distinctive style of Charles Lamb’s essays has been interpreted in different ways-abundant allusions and rhetorical devices,quaintness and vernacular,antique colloquialism,witty humor,bitter sweetness,profound hu...The distinctive style of Charles Lamb’s essays has been interpreted in different ways-abundant allusions and rhetorical devices,quaintness and vernacular,antique colloquialism,witty humor,bitter sweetness,profound humanity,etc.Nevertheless,so far the extensive use of parentheses and dashes in his representative work Essays of Elia has not been paid enough attention and a detailed investigation is virtually absent.This paper presents an effort to analyze Essays of Elia through probing into the parentheses and dashes as paratexts in regard to their stylistic effects from two perspectives-the linguistic perspective and the semantic perspective,in hope of expanding the scope of“paratext”.The major finding of the paper is that in Essays of Elia,parentheses and dashes as paratexts serving as stylistic markers are indispensable supplements which have special stylistic effects.展开更多
Many literary essays contain a large number of metaphor examples.Due to the differences between language and culture,metaphor,as a carrier of culture,makes many translators rack their brains and make great efforts in ...Many literary essays contain a large number of metaphor examples.Due to the differences between language and culture,metaphor,as a carrier of culture,makes many translators rack their brains and make great efforts in translation.In recent years,scholars’research on metaphor also emerges many new ideas.On the basis of previous metaphor studies,this paper discusses the cultural factors in conceptual metaphor,selects the translation of some metaphors in Zhang Peiji’s Selected Modern Chinese Essays as examples,and focuses on three strategies of metaphor translation:Literal translation retains the metaphor in the original language;free translation refers to the transformation of metaphor guided by the target language culture;literal translation of cultural metaphor and increase connotation interpretation.展开更多
CAFIU and Japan-China Association jointly held the fi rst essay contest in 2016 among Japanese people from all walks of life.According to the selection and awarding of 8 review panelists
[CAFIU and Japan-China Association jointly held the first essay contest in 2016 among Japanese people from all walks of life.According to the selection and awarding of 8 review panelists from China and Japan,5 partici...[CAFIU and Japan-China Association jointly held the first essay contest in 2016 among Japanese people from all walks of life.According to the selection and awarding of 8 review panelists from China and Japan,5 participants were given the Award of Excellence and 29 participants were given the Award of Participation.Selected展开更多
It has been more than a decade since I met Teacher Luo Haocai. Before I met him, I had already heard that he was an approachable scholar. Although he was at a high position and played a leading role in establishing Ch...It has been more than a decade since I met Teacher Luo Haocai. Before I met him, I had already heard that he was an approachable scholar. Although he was at a high position and played a leading role in establishing China’s administrative law, he always had a peaceful mind, which was highly respected and honored by colleagues in the academic community. After I actually met him, I was deeply impressed by the展开更多
China＇s current academic evaluation system sees publications in core journals as a basic index to measure the academic qualification and quality of an academic institute,
As writing teachers,marking students’ essays is always time-consuming and frustrating,especially when there are large-siged classes.Students’ model essays are a good choice for writing teaching.On one hand,there are...As writing teachers,marking students’ essays is always time-consuming and frustrating,especially when there are large-siged classes.Students’ model essays are a good choice for writing teaching.On one hand,there are always students who write excellent essays;on the other hand.students are also interested in learning from peer’s writing,authentic and natural.This paper alms to explore effective writing teaching method in large-sized class by lecturing on student’s model essay appraise in terms of logical organization,fluency,and accuracy of content,appropriate use of word,phrase,sentence structure and syntax,and last common error correction.Students will learn how to use writing strategies to write an essay.As an instructor and facilitator,writing teacher should encourage students to seek both teachers’ and peers’ help in the form of group discussion so that they can revise and edit their draft essays by themselves.展开更多
The certification test for English teachers in a certain state asked candidates to identify the name of the frog in Mark Twain's "The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County." If students answered th...The certification test for English teachers in a certain state asked candidates to identify the name of the frog in Mark Twain's "The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County." If students answered this question correctly and said, Dan'l Webster, does this mean that these students would be prepared for the teaching field? Conversely, if students answered this question incorrectly, does this mean they were ill- prepared for becoming teachers? Can such an irrelevant question really point to the knowledge and abilities of future teachers? Hardly, use of unimportant questioning such as this illustrates the main problem with using a multiple choice format when assessing students. Trivial items such as names of animals and other insignificant information are often given priority over their significance in the story simply because students are not able to demonstrate what they really know in narrative form (Smagorinsky, 2002).展开更多
In order to explore collocational usage competence across two different contexts,NS and NNS,in the current study,I investigated usage and frequency of collocation of Taiwan Residents learners of English(TWN),Indonesia...In order to explore collocational usage competence across two different contexts,NS and NNS,in the current study,I investigated usage and frequency of collocation of Taiwan Residents learners of English(TWN),Indonesian learners of English(IND) and English native speakers(NS),and found collocations statistically overused or underused by learner groups,which had not been studied before.Collocation is defined here as the word clusters composed of three and four words which occur 2 times and above,seen in English essays in the ICNALE corpus.All the collocations in the three corpora have been classified into 17 patterns based on the lexical and grammatical collocation categorization of Benson et al(1997).The results suggest that NNS have mastered different types of collocations to write essays,but use them differently from NS,as 27%in TWN and 38%in IND of the 150 most frequently used collocations are significantly overused or underused(p<0.0001).These findings obtained from a quantitative data analysis suggest that teachers in Taiwan and Indonesia should not only try to arouse students ' awareness of collocations but also do a pre-writing exercise of listing collocations related to a certain topic.These implications may also be useful for other Asian EFL countries.展开更多
This paper investigates how the type of written feedback provided by teachers affects learners’ ability to revise essays. A total of 120 participants participated in two rounds of essay composition and feedback deliv...This paper investigates how the type of written feedback provided by teachers affects learners’ ability to revise essays. A total of 120 participants participated in two rounds of essay composition and feedback delivery. The findings indicate that learners who receive comments in the form of questions are more prone to make revisions compared to those receiving statements or imperatives. These results hold significant implications for educators and the ways they utilize written feedback to enhance learners’ writing skills.展开更多
调研了美国Class Central网站发布的“2023年250门全球最受欢迎在线课程榜”19门英语写作类MOOC课程。How to Write an Essay被列为250门全球最受欢迎MOOC课程之一,源于其优质的教学设计:世界顶尖大学及其丰富的在线课程经验、优秀师资...调研了美国Class Central网站发布的“2023年250门全球最受欢迎在线课程榜”19门英语写作类MOOC课程。How to Write an Essay被列为250门全球最受欢迎MOOC课程之一,源于其优质的教学设计:世界顶尖大学及其丰富的在线课程经验、优秀师资,教学目标注重培养学习者技能、终身学习理念以及抛锚式教学模式,这对于在线课程建设和教学具有借鉴意义。展开更多
"转换网络理论"是美国音乐理论家大卫·勒温于20世纪80年代末创立的音乐分析理论。文章通过解读勒温出版于1993年的《音乐结构与转换——分析论文四篇》(Musical Form and Transformation:4 Analytic Essays)一书中《德..."转换网络理论"是美国音乐理论家大卫·勒温于20世纪80年代末创立的音乐分析理论。文章通过解读勒温出版于1993年的《音乐结构与转换——分析论文四篇》(Musical Form and Transformation:4 Analytic Essays)一书中《德彪西〈焰火〉结构与延长的转换基础》("A Transformational Basis for Form and Prolongation in Debussy'sFeuxd'artifice"),来展示"转换网络理论"的独特理论构架和分析视角。展开更多
本文是洛克未发表的手稿,题为“伦理概要”(Of Ethic in General),大致写于1686-1688年。手稿编号:MS Locke,c.28,fos.146-152。最早收录于洛克的堂外甥皮特·金所写的《洛克一生》(Peter King,The Life of John Locke,1829,I,pp.30...本文是洛克未发表的手稿,题为“伦理概要”(Of Ethic in General),大致写于1686-1688年。手稿编号:MS Locke,c.28,fos.146-152。最早收录于洛克的堂外甥皮特·金所写的《洛克一生》(Peter King,The Life of John Locke,1829,I,pp.306-312;1830,II,pp.122-133),但只有部分内容。拉夫雷斯手稿(Lovelace Collection)出现后,完整版收录于高迪尔编著的《洛克政治论文集》(Locke,Political Essays,Mark Goldieed.,Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1997,pp.297-304)。本文主要翻译自此完整版。该手稿原计划作为《人类理智论》(An Essay Concerning Human Understanding)1690年首版的最后一章(第四卷第二十一章),但洛克并没有写完,故而最终没有放入书中。展开更多
文摘Most multicellular organisms can be categorised by two words： hierarchy and composite. The underlying fractal geometry of nature - at least in terms of provision of infrastructure - provides much of the hierarchy, although many materials for which infrastructure is not an integral factor are also strongly hierarchical. Plants can therefore be modelled using recursive computer programs which add structures as the size increases. However, problems with mechanical stability also increase as the structure grows, so the plant changes from deriving stiffness from intevaal pressure to cross-linking the cell wall components permanently. However, this compromises the ability of the plant to grow and repair itself.
文摘Ideas from engineering have helped the understanding of biological organisms for thousands of years. However, the mechanical aspects of biological materials and structures can, if properly interpreted and analysed, lead to a deeper understanding of the biology of organisms. Such an approach, although always current in some form, is nevertheless subject to the vagaries of fashion and the availability of analytical techniques. At present we are in a period of upturn. Areas of interest are deployable structures （applications in aerospace）, palaeontology （how little do we need to know in order to create a credible biosphere） and food science （we need a rational approach to the mechanics of food）.
文摘Professor Karl Sudhoff had spent most of his career time researching the history of medical development in medieval Europe.The book collects the source fragment of the evidence of Professor Sudhoff's job.
文摘Liang Yuchun, known as “China’s Elia” in the history of modern Chinese literature, once played an important rolein introducing and translating foreign literature, especially English essays, in the 1920s & 1930s. The present studyfirst gives a general overview of Liang’s English prose translation. Then the author focuses her attention on theexploratory analysis of Liang’s motivation for translating English essays and his literary relationship with Britishessayists, John Galsworthy, Charles Lamb and Mary Russell Mitford in particular.
文摘The distinctive style of Charles Lamb’s essays has been interpreted in different ways-abundant allusions and rhetorical devices,quaintness and vernacular,antique colloquialism,witty humor,bitter sweetness,profound humanity,etc.Nevertheless,so far the extensive use of parentheses and dashes in his representative work Essays of Elia has not been paid enough attention and a detailed investigation is virtually absent.This paper presents an effort to analyze Essays of Elia through probing into the parentheses and dashes as paratexts in regard to their stylistic effects from two perspectives-the linguistic perspective and the semantic perspective,in hope of expanding the scope of“paratext”.The major finding of the paper is that in Essays of Elia,parentheses and dashes as paratexts serving as stylistic markers are indispensable supplements which have special stylistic effects.
文摘Many literary essays contain a large number of metaphor examples.Due to the differences between language and culture,metaphor,as a carrier of culture,makes many translators rack their brains and make great efforts in translation.In recent years,scholars’research on metaphor also emerges many new ideas.On the basis of previous metaphor studies,this paper discusses the cultural factors in conceptual metaphor,selects the translation of some metaphors in Zhang Peiji’s Selected Modern Chinese Essays as examples,and focuses on three strategies of metaphor translation:Literal translation retains the metaphor in the original language;free translation refers to the transformation of metaphor guided by the target language culture;literal translation of cultural metaphor and increase connotation interpretation.
文摘CAFIU and Japan-China Association jointly held the fi rst essay contest in 2016 among Japanese people from all walks of life.According to the selection and awarding of 8 review panelists
文摘[CAFIU and Japan-China Association jointly held the first essay contest in 2016 among Japanese people from all walks of life.According to the selection and awarding of 8 review panelists from China and Japan,5 participants were given the Award of Excellence and 29 participants were given the Award of Participation.Selected
文摘It has been more than a decade since I met Teacher Luo Haocai. Before I met him, I had already heard that he was an approachable scholar. Although he was at a high position and played a leading role in establishing China’s administrative law, he always had a peaceful mind, which was highly respected and honored by colleagues in the academic community. After I actually met him, I was deeply impressed by the
文摘China＇s current academic evaluation system sees publications in core journals as a basic index to measure the academic qualification and quality of an academic institute,
文摘As writing teachers,marking students’ essays is always time-consuming and frustrating,especially when there are large-siged classes.Students’ model essays are a good choice for writing teaching.On one hand,there are always students who write excellent essays;on the other hand.students are also interested in learning from peer’s writing,authentic and natural.This paper alms to explore effective writing teaching method in large-sized class by lecturing on student’s model essay appraise in terms of logical organization,fluency,and accuracy of content,appropriate use of word,phrase,sentence structure and syntax,and last common error correction.Students will learn how to use writing strategies to write an essay.As an instructor and facilitator,writing teacher should encourage students to seek both teachers’ and peers’ help in the form of group discussion so that they can revise and edit their draft essays by themselves.
文摘The certification test for English teachers in a certain state asked candidates to identify the name of the frog in Mark Twain's "The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County." If students answered this question correctly and said, Dan'l Webster, does this mean that these students would be prepared for the teaching field? Conversely, if students answered this question incorrectly, does this mean they were ill- prepared for becoming teachers? Can such an irrelevant question really point to the knowledge and abilities of future teachers? Hardly, use of unimportant questioning such as this illustrates the main problem with using a multiple choice format when assessing students. Trivial items such as names of animals and other insignificant information are often given priority over their significance in the story simply because students are not able to demonstrate what they really know in narrative form (Smagorinsky, 2002).
文摘In order to explore collocational usage competence across two different contexts,NS and NNS,in the current study,I investigated usage and frequency of collocation of Taiwan Residents learners of English(TWN),Indonesian learners of English(IND) and English native speakers(NS),and found collocations statistically overused or underused by learner groups,which had not been studied before.Collocation is defined here as the word clusters composed of three and four words which occur 2 times and above,seen in English essays in the ICNALE corpus.All the collocations in the three corpora have been classified into 17 patterns based on the lexical and grammatical collocation categorization of Benson et al(1997).The results suggest that NNS have mastered different types of collocations to write essays,but use them differently from NS,as 27%in TWN and 38%in IND of the 150 most frequently used collocations are significantly overused or underused(p<0.0001).These findings obtained from a quantitative data analysis suggest that teachers in Taiwan and Indonesia should not only try to arouse students ' awareness of collocations but also do a pre-writing exercise of listing collocations related to a certain topic.These implications may also be useful for other Asian EFL countries.
文摘This paper investigates how the type of written feedback provided by teachers affects learners’ ability to revise essays. A total of 120 participants participated in two rounds of essay composition and feedback delivery. The findings indicate that learners who receive comments in the form of questions are more prone to make revisions compared to those receiving statements or imperatives. These results hold significant implications for educators and the ways they utilize written feedback to enhance learners’ writing skills.
文摘调研了美国Class Central网站发布的“2023年250门全球最受欢迎在线课程榜”19门英语写作类MOOC课程。How to Write an Essay被列为250门全球最受欢迎MOOC课程之一,源于其优质的教学设计:世界顶尖大学及其丰富的在线课程经验、优秀师资,教学目标注重培养学习者技能、终身学习理念以及抛锚式教学模式,这对于在线课程建设和教学具有借鉴意义。
文摘"转换网络理论"是美国音乐理论家大卫·勒温于20世纪80年代末创立的音乐分析理论。文章通过解读勒温出版于1993年的《音乐结构与转换——分析论文四篇》(Musical Form and Transformation:4 Analytic Essays)一书中《德彪西〈焰火〉结构与延长的转换基础》("A Transformational Basis for Form and Prolongation in Debussy'sFeuxd'artifice"),来展示"转换网络理论"的独特理论构架和分析视角。
文摘本文是洛克未发表的手稿,题为“伦理概要”(Of Ethic in General),大致写于1686-1688年。手稿编号:MS Locke,c.28,fos.146-152。最早收录于洛克的堂外甥皮特·金所写的《洛克一生》(Peter King,The Life of John Locke,1829,I,pp.306-312;1830,II,pp.122-133),但只有部分内容。拉夫雷斯手稿(Lovelace Collection)出现后,完整版收录于高迪尔编著的《洛克政治论文集》(Locke,Political Essays,Mark Goldieed.,Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1997,pp.297-304)。本文主要翻译自此完整版。该手稿原计划作为《人类理智论》(An Essay Concerning Human Understanding)1690年首版的最后一章(第四卷第二十一章),但洛克并没有写完,故而最终没有放入书中。
