Essential Oil from Inula britannica Extraction with SF-CO_2 and Its Antifungal Activity

The aim of this study was to determine the extraction technique of supercritical fluid carbon dioxide（SF-CO 2） for the essential oil from Inula britannica flowers and its antifungal activities against plant pathogenic fungi for its potential application as botanical fungicide.The effects of factors,including extraction temperature,extraction pressure,SF-CO 2 flow rate,flower powder size,and time on the essential oil yield were studied using the single factor experiment.An orthogonal experiment was conducted to determine the best operating conditions for the maximum extraction oil yield.Adopting the optimum conditions,the maximum yield reached 10.01% at 40°C temperature,30 MPa pressure,60 mesh flower powder size,20 L h-1SF-CO 2 flow rate,and 90 min extraction time.The antifungal activities of I.britannica essential oil using the SF-CO 2 against the most important plant pathogenic fungi were also examined through in vitro and in vivo tests.Sixteen plant pathogenic fungi were inhibited to varying degrees at 1 mg mL-1concentration of the essential oil.The mycelial growth of Gaeumannomyces graminis var.tritici was completely inhibited.The radial growths of Phytophthora capsici and Fusarium monilifome were also inhibited by 83.76 and 64.69%,respectively.In addition,the essential oil can inhibit the spore germination of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.vasinfectum,Phytophthora capsici,Colletotrichum orbiculare,and Pyricularia grisea,and the corresponding inhibition rates were 98.26,96.54,87.89,and 87.35% respectively.The present study has demonstrated that the essential oil of I.britannica flowers extracted through the SF-CO 2 technique is one potential and promising antifungal agent that can be used as botanical fungicide to protect crops.

Effects of Irrigation and Drought on Growth and Essential Oil Production in O. vulgare and R. officinalis

The essential oil industry has led a rapidly growing market in American herbal medicine. The global essential oil industry was valued at an estimated 18.6 billion USD in 2020 and is expected to have a compound annual growth rate of 7.6% from 2020 to 2027. “Essential oil” is a broad term used to describe volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that are often associated with a plant’s essence or aroma. These molecules are commonly extracted from a variety of different plant structures by steam distillation and cold pressing. Essential oils function as a defense against insects, bacteria, fungi, and other stressors, such as drought and cold. The most industrially important of this class of compounds are monoterpenes, steam-volatile constituents which are the most abundant terpenes throughout plants. Essential oils may include monoterpenes (two isoprene units), sesquiterpenes (three isoprene units), ketones, and phenolics. Phenolics include flavonoids, anthocyanins, and tannins.

Preliminary Exploration of a Novel Type High-effi-ciency Mosquito-repellent Compound Essential Oils

The essential oils were extracted from flowers and branches of Cestrum genus plant Telosma cordata(Burm. F.) Merr.,and used for purifying the mosquito-repellent refined oils. The yielded extracts were mixed with single nerve-smoothing or nerve-exciting components from lavender and peppermint or mixed with basal oils(like evening primrose),in order to prepare the novel type compound essential oils conferring mosquito-repellent and air-refreshing actions. The resulted compound was prepared into solid air freshener.

Antifungal Effect of Plant Extract and Essential Oil

The advancement of phytochemical and phytopharmacological sciences has enabled elucidation of the composition and biological activities of several medicinal plant products including plant extract and essential oils. These products have been widely used around the world since ancient times for the treatment of various disorders such as diabetes, hypertension, peptic ulcer disease, microbial infection, sexual disorder and many more. Its popularity in the modern system of medicine is mainly due to their availability and fewer adverse reactions compared to synthetic drugs. Various scientific investigations have been conducted to look for the potential of the extract from the plant or isolated compounds for the continued use of these products in the treatment and prevention of various kinds of human diseases. It is evident from the available literature and scientific investigations that many plant species possess potential for use as a beneficial therapeutic remedy with multiple pharmacological actions such as analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, hypoglycemic, hypotensive, antimicrobial, antiulcer and anticonvulsant activities. The present review aims to provide relevant updated information about certain plant products, its composition, preparation and its fungicidal or fungistatic effects on different species of fungus as evaluated by studies done in the past. It introduces six medicinal plants that have been studied for their antifungal property and are found to be effective. The overall objective is to provide comprehensive information about the use of plant extract and essential oil for treating fungal infections and to explore the evidence supporting its effectiveness in treating fungal diseases without causing any serious adverse reactions.

The effect of drying of Piper hispidinervium bydifferent methods and its influence on the yield ofessential oil and safrole

The Piper hispidinervium leaves and thin stems were dried under laboratory and field conditions.Laboratory drying was performed using a shade dryer operating with and without forced convection and an oven dryer operating at 30 and 40
C.Field experiments were conducted using solar dryers with three different covers,i.e.,transparent,black plastic,and palm straw covers.The essential oil extraction was performed by steam distillation,and the safrole content was analyzed by gas chromatography.Five mathematical models(Page,logarithmic,Henderson and Pabis,fractional,and diffusion)were fitted with the experimental data and compared based on the coefficient of determination(R2),root mean square error(RMSE)and v2.Results suggest that the best model was the logarithmic model(R2>0.99,RMSE<0.0005,and v2<0.005).With sufficient drying,the safrole content increased up to 95%of the extracted oil;however,when the drying time was prolonged,both the oil yield and safrole content of the extracted oil decreased.