The characteristics of dry matter production before and after heading and the relationships between photosynthesis of flag leaves and dry matter accumulation in panicles were investigated on super high-yielding rice c...The characteristics of dry matter production before and after heading and the relationships between photosynthesis of flag leaves and dry matter accumulation in panicles were investigated on super high-yielding rice cv. Xieyou 9308 (the yield of up to 12 t/ha) with rice cv. Xieyou 63 as a control. The results showed that (i) the capacity of dry matter production before and after heading in Xieyou 9308, i.e. biomass and daily dry matter production, was remarkably higher than that in Xieyou 63, especially after heading; (ii) CO2 assimilation capacity in flag leaves in Xieyou 9308, namely Leaf Source Capacity (LSC), was also significantly higher than that in Xieyou 63, and the supply of photosynthate in leaves and the demand of grain filling were completely synchronous in Xieyou 9308, but photosynthetic function in flag leaves in Xieyou 63 declined sharply 20 days after heading and it was not enough to meet the demand of grain filling. These results confirmed that high efficient photosynthetic function in leaves after heading and its complete synchronization with grain filling are the key approaches to super high yield of rice.展开更多
Direct seeded rice is promising alternative to traditional transplanting, but requires appropriate crop and water management to maintain yield performance and achieve high water productivity. Present study evaluated t...Direct seeded rice is promising alternative to traditional transplanting, but requires appropriate crop and water management to maintain yield performance and achieve high water productivity. Present study evaluated the effect of seed priming and irrigation on crop establishment, tillering, agronomic traits, paddy yield, grain quality and water productivity of direct seeded rice in alternate wetting and drying （DSR-AWD） in comparison with direct seeded rice at field capacity （DSR- FC）. Seed priming treatments were osmo-priming with KCI （2.2%）, CaCI2 （2.2%） and moringa leaf extracts （MLE, 3.3%） including hydro-priming as control. Among the treatments, seed osmo-primed with MLE emerged earlier and had higher final emergence, followed by osmo-priming with CaCI2. Tillering emergence rate and number of tillers per plant were the highest for seed priming with CaCI2 in DSR- AWD. Total productive and non-productive tillers, panicle length, biological and grain yields, harvest index were highest for seed priming with MLE or CaCI2 in DSR-AWD. Similarly, grain quality, estimated in terms of normal grains, abortive and chalky grains, was also the highest in DSR-AWD with MLE osmo-priming. Benefit cost ratio and water productivity was also the highest in DSR-AWD for seed priming with MLE. In conclusion, seed priming with MLE or CaCI2 can be successfully employed to improve the direct seeded rice performance when practiced with alternate wetting and drying irrigation.展开更多
Grain growth,a competitive growth of crystal grains accompanied by curvature-driven boundary migration,is one of the most fundamental phenomena in the context of metallurgy and other scientific disciplines.However,the...Grain growth,a competitive growth of crystal grains accompanied by curvature-driven boundary migration,is one of the most fundamental phenomena in the context of metallurgy and other scientific disciplines.However,the true picture of grain growth is still controversial,even for the simplest(or‘ideal’)case.This problem can be addressed only by large-scale numerical simulation.Here,we analyze ideal grain growth via ultra-large-scale phase-field simulations on a supercomputer for elucidating the corresponding authentic statistical behaviors.The performed simulations are more than ten times larger in time and space than the ones previously considered as the largest;this computational scale gives a strong indication of the achievement of true steady-state growth with statistically sufficient number of grains.Moreover,we provide a comprehensive theoretical description of ideal grain growth behaviors correctly quantified by the present simulations.Our findings provide conclusive knowledge on ideal grain growth,establishing a platform for studying more realistic growth processes.展开更多
Dynamic and metadynamic recrystallization are probably the least known in the processes that exert major influences on the microstructure of rocks deformed in the hotter parts of metamorphic belts and in the upper man...Dynamic and metadynamic recrystallization are probably the least known in the processes that exert major influences on the microstructure of rocks deformed in the hotter parts of metamorphic belts and in the upper mantle. Advance in the theory of metamorphic fabric seems to depend in part on establishing展开更多
基金This work was supported by the State Key Basic Research Development Planthe Kuayue Plan of Chinese Agriculture Ministry
文摘The characteristics of dry matter production before and after heading and the relationships between photosynthesis of flag leaves and dry matter accumulation in panicles were investigated on super high-yielding rice cv. Xieyou 9308 (the yield of up to 12 t/ha) with rice cv. Xieyou 63 as a control. The results showed that (i) the capacity of dry matter production before and after heading in Xieyou 9308, i.e. biomass and daily dry matter production, was remarkably higher than that in Xieyou 63, especially after heading; (ii) CO2 assimilation capacity in flag leaves in Xieyou 9308, namely Leaf Source Capacity (LSC), was also significantly higher than that in Xieyou 63, and the supply of photosynthate in leaves and the demand of grain filling were completely synchronous in Xieyou 9308, but photosynthetic function in flag leaves in Xieyou 63 declined sharply 20 days after heading and it was not enough to meet the demand of grain filling. These results confirmed that high efficient photosynthetic function in leaves after heading and its complete synchronization with grain filling are the key approaches to super high yield of rice.
文摘Direct seeded rice is promising alternative to traditional transplanting, but requires appropriate crop and water management to maintain yield performance and achieve high water productivity. Present study evaluated the effect of seed priming and irrigation on crop establishment, tillering, agronomic traits, paddy yield, grain quality and water productivity of direct seeded rice in alternate wetting and drying （DSR-AWD） in comparison with direct seeded rice at field capacity （DSR- FC）. Seed priming treatments were osmo-priming with KCI （2.2%）, CaCI2 （2.2%） and moringa leaf extracts （MLE, 3.3%） including hydro-priming as control. Among the treatments, seed osmo-primed with MLE emerged earlier and had higher final emergence, followed by osmo-priming with CaCI2. Tillering emergence rate and number of tillers per plant were the highest for seed priming with CaCI2 in DSR- AWD. Total productive and non-productive tillers, panicle length, biological and grain yields, harvest index were highest for seed priming with MLE or CaCI2 in DSR-AWD. Similarly, grain quality, estimated in terms of normal grains, abortive and chalky grains, was also the highest in DSR-AWD with MLE osmo-priming. Benefit cost ratio and water productivity was also the highest in DSR-AWD for seed priming with MLE. In conclusion, seed priming with MLE or CaCI2 can be successfully employed to improve the direct seeded rice performance when practiced with alternate wetting and drying irrigation.
基金supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research(B)(No.16H04490)from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(JSPS)a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research(S)(No.26220002)from the Ministry of Education,Culture,Sports and Technology(MEXT),the Joint Usage/Research Center for Interdisciplinary Large-scale Information Infrastructures,the High Performance Computing Infrastructure in Japan.
文摘Grain growth,a competitive growth of crystal grains accompanied by curvature-driven boundary migration,is one of the most fundamental phenomena in the context of metallurgy and other scientific disciplines.However,the true picture of grain growth is still controversial,even for the simplest(or‘ideal’)case.This problem can be addressed only by large-scale numerical simulation.Here,we analyze ideal grain growth via ultra-large-scale phase-field simulations on a supercomputer for elucidating the corresponding authentic statistical behaviors.The performed simulations are more than ten times larger in time and space than the ones previously considered as the largest;this computational scale gives a strong indication of the achievement of true steady-state growth with statistically sufficient number of grains.Moreover,we provide a comprehensive theoretical description of ideal grain growth behaviors correctly quantified by the present simulations.Our findings provide conclusive knowledge on ideal grain growth,establishing a platform for studying more realistic growth processes.
文摘Dynamic and metadynamic recrystallization are probably the least known in the processes that exert major influences on the microstructure of rocks deformed in the hotter parts of metamorphic belts and in the upper mantle. Advance in the theory of metamorphic fabric seems to depend in part on establishing
