Non-flammable long chain phosphate ester based electrolyte via competitive solventized structures for high-performance lithium metal batteries

Safety remains a persistent challenge for high-energy-density lithium metal batteries(LMBs).The development of safe and non-flammable electrolytes is especially important in harsh conditions such as high temperatures.Herein,a flame-retardant,low-cost and thermally stable long chain phosphate ester based(tributyl phosphate,TBP)electrolyte is reported,which can effectively enhance the cycling stability of highly loaded high-nickel LMBs with high safety through co-solvation strategy.The interfacial compatibility between TBP and electrode is effectively improved using a short-chain ether(glycol dimethyl ether,DME),and a specially competitive solvation structure is further constructed using lithium borate difluorooxalate(LiDFOB)to form the stable and inorganic-rich electrode interphases.Benefiting from the presence of the cathode electrolyte interphase(CEI)and solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)enriched with LiF and Li_(x)PO_(y)F_(z),the electrolyte demonstrates excellent cycling stability assembled using a 50μm lithium foil anode in combination with a high loading NMC811(15.4 mg cm^(-2))cathode,with 88%capacity retention after 120 cycles.Furthermore,the electrolyte exhibits excellent high-temperature characteristics when used in a 1-Ah pouch cell(N/P=0.26),and higher thermal runaway temperature(238℃)in the ARC(accelerating rate calorimeter)demonstrating high safety.This novel electrolyte adopts long-chain phosphate as the main solvent for the first time,and would provide a new idea for the development of extremely high safety and high-temperature electrolytes.

Effect of Styrene on the Properties of Transparent Flame Retardant Unsaturated Phosphate Copolymer

The effect of styrene on unsaturated phosphate ester polymers was investigated. Copolymerization was carried out by adding different proportions of styrene when the unsaturated phosphate was polymerized to obtain an unsaturated phosphate-styrene copolymer. The structure and crosslink density of the copolymer was determined by fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra and gel fraction (G) testing. The heat resistance and flame retardancy of the polymer were tested by thermogravimetric (TGA) analysis, limiting oxygen index (LOI) and micro-combustion calorimeter (MCC). The infrared test proved that the styrene was successfully introduced into the polymer system. The gelation test results showed that the introduction of the rigid benzene ring increased the crosslink density of the copolymer. The tensile strength increased from 17.84 MPa to 34.63 MPa, and the impact strength remained stable within a certain range. At the same time, the solid ultraviolet absorption test results showed that the light transmittance of the materials was higher than 90%. The TG and DTG spectra showed that the heat resistance of the polymer was improved, but the residual carbon ratio was reduced from 30.47% to 25.54%. The LOI value decreased from 29.0% to 26.1%, and the UL-94 vertical burn rating was all V-0.

Synthesis and cytotoxicity evaluation of a novel justicidin G analogue and its phosphate ester

The novel justicidin G analogue 13 and its phosphate ester 15 were synthesized as potential anticancer agents in several steps starting from commercially available methyl gallate and veratraldehyde. The cytotoxicity of the intermediates was tested against HCT-8, BEL-7402, KETR3, HELA, BGC-823, KB and MCF-7 cell lines by the MTT test, and compound 15 exhibited significant cytotoxicity in HELA and KB cell lines.

Lubricating properties of polyalkylene glycol and organic phosphate ester mixed aqueous solutions

Till now,water based lubricants,especially aqueous solutions,have not been employed in the elastohydrodynamic lubrication(EHL)due to their poor film forming capability or low wear resistance.In this paper,we proposed a method to develop water based lubricant:employing polyalkylene glycol solution as base stock to improve EHL film forming capability and using organic phosphate ester(DPZ)as anti-wear additive to improve wear resistance property.The lubricating properties of the mixed solutions,including load carrying capability,wear resistance property,friction reduction property,EHL film forming behavior,were investigated.The experimental results indicate that the mixed solution presents excellent lubricating properties,which make it a promising candidate in developing water based lubricants.

B（C6F5）3 as a Highly Effective Catalyst for the Phosphoryl Transfer Reaction

The phosphoryl transfer reactions of diphenyl chlorophosphate with a wide range of alcohols were catalyzed by tris（pentafluorophenyl）boron [B（C6F5）3], giving the corresponding phosphate esters in excellent yields. This methodology has advantages over older ones because it employs the easily handled B（C6F5）3, avoids the side reaction, and has shorter reaction time.