红海湾海域水产品中有机磷酸酯(OPEs)类阻燃剂污染分析及健康风险评估

为评估有机磷酸酯(organophosphate esters, OPEs)类阻燃剂污染引起的水产品质量安全风险,以广东汕尾红海湾海域近岸养殖和捕捞水产品为研究对象,采用气相色谱三重四级杆串联质谱法(Gas Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry, GC-MS/MS)对水产品中10种OPEs含量进行测定。结果表明:红海湾海域养殖水产品中∑10OPEs含量为(55.8±24.2)ng/g(干质量),显著高于捕捞水产品中的含量(20.5 ng/g±20.6 ng/g,干质量)(P<0.05);捕捞水产品中,底栖水产品中∑10OPEs含量(28.4 ng/g±22.6 ng/g,干质量)显著高于中上层水产品中的含量(7.4 ng/g±4.3 ng/g,干质量)(P<0.05);磷酸三(2-丁氧基乙基)酯[tris (2-butoxyethyl) phosphate, TBOEP]、磷酸三正丁酯(tri-n-butyl phosphate, TNBP)、磷酸三(2-氯异丙基)酯[tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate, TCIPP]、磷酸三(2-氯乙基)酯[tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate, TCEP]和磷酸三苯酯(triphenyl phosphate, TPHP)是红海湾海域水产品检出频率最高的OPEs化合物;养殖水产品和捕捞底栖水产品中主要OPEs污染物组成基本一致,含量最高的OPEs污染物依次为TCEP、TBOEP、TCIPP,而捕捞的中上层水产品中含量最高的OPEs污染物依次为TBOEP、TCIPP、TPHP,暴露评估显示,红海湾海域水产品中OPEs对不同年龄段男性和女性的非致癌风险和致癌风险均低于潜在风险阈值,健康风险可接受。研究表明,OPEs污染在养殖和捕捞水产品中普遍存在,所引起的健康风险水平尚在安全范围内,但随着OPEs消费量的持续增加,由其引起的水产品质量安全风险会越来越高,建议对水产品中OPEs污染情况进行持续跟踪调查。

Research progress on classification,source,application of phytosterol esters,and their thermal oxidation stability

Phytosterol esters can effectively decrease serum cholesterol concentration in the human body and prevent cardio-cerebrovascular diseases.It was found that phytosterol esters exhibited better solubility and bioavailability than free phytosterols.In recent years,phytosterol esters have attracted increasing attention.However,during food processing,phytosterol esters are susceptible to degradation at high temperatures,resulting in certain losses and formation of potentially harmful substances for humans.This paper reviews the relevant literatures and updates on the thermal oxidation stability of phytosterol esters in recent years from the following aspects:(i)Sources,physiological activities,and applications of phytosterol esters;(ii)Oxidation mechanism of phytosterol esters;(iii)Effects of phytosterols species,the volume of addition,food matrix,heating temperature and time,and antioxidants on the thermal loss and oxidation stability of phytosterol esters.The research progress on the safety of phytosterol esters is also discussed in detail.Additionally,the prospects for future research are highlighted.

Study on the regulatory effect of liver X receptor in HEK293 cells by six main diterpene esters in Semen Euphorbiae

Background:To study the effects of the main diterpene esters in Euphorbia factor L_(1),L_(2),L_(3),L_(7a),L_(7b)and L_(8)on the transcriptional activity and protein expression of liver X receptor(LXR).Methods:The effect of the main diterpene ester components in Semen Euphorbiae on the viability of HEK293 cells were studied by MTT assay.The LXR-Luc plasmid vector was transfected into HEK293 cells and treated with Euphorbia factor L_(1),L_(2),L_(3),L_(7a),L_(7b)and L_(8)for 24 h.The effect of the main diterpene ester components of Semen Euphorbiae on LXR-Luc luciferase activity was investigated by dual luciferase reporter gene system,and the expression of LXRαprotein was detected by Western Blot.Results:Euphorbia factor L_(1),L_(2),L_(3),L_(7a),L_(7b)and L_(8)could significantly reduce the relative luciferase activity(RLU)of LXRα,and the expression level of LXRαprotein was significantly down-regulated.Conclusion:Euphorbia factor L_(1),L_(2),L_(3),L_(7a),L_(7b)and L_(8)can inhibit the expression of LXR protein level,which may be achieved by inhibiting the transcriptional activity of LXR.

Recent Advances of Sensitive Electrochemical Sensing Platforms for Rapid Detection of Phthalate Acid Esters

As a kind of plasticizer,phthalic acid esters(PAEs)are often added to plastics to enhance elasticity,transparency,durability and prolong service life.However,it does not chemically bind to plastics and is easy to migrate to the environment.It is difficult to degrade in the environment,and it is also enriched in the human body through the food chain and respiration,which will lead to obvious adverse reactions such as decreased learning and memory function and neurobehavioral disorders.Due to the toxicity,universality and low concentration limitations of PAEs in the environment and food,it is essential to achieve rapid and sensitive detection of PAEs in soil,atmosphere,water and food.Electrochemical(EC)sensors have the advantages of simplicity,fast,low cost,portability,easy operation,high specificity and high sensitivity,so they are applied for the detection of PAEs.Although there are a large number of studies on the detection of PAEs by EC sensors,there is no review on this aspect.In this review,we introduce the detection of PAEs from classical EC sensors,electrochemiluminescence(ECL)sensors and photo-electrochemical(PEC)sensors in the past five years.This review is beneficial to understanding the construction of EC sensors and the detection mechanism of PAEs.We also propose that the development of rapid,accurate and real-time detection methods of PAEs is key to assessing risk and preventing related diseases.

Response of polar regions to emerging organic pollutant organophosphorus esters (OPEs), a review

Polar regions are free from major anthropogenic impact due to their remoteness. However, certain pollutants can be transported there via atmospheric and/or oceanic circulations. Here we present an overview of current research on organophosphorus esters （OPEs） in polar regions by reviewing the literature on distribution, source and transport of OPEs. Current research on OPEs reveals significant anthropogenic influences in both polar regions. As well as the expected occurrence in the Arctic, OPEs were found on the Antarctic lee Sheet up to 650 km from the coast, and the OPE concentrations were higher at high elevation due to cold climate retention. The immediate source of OPEs for inland Antarctica might be the Southern Ocean surrounding the continent, where OPEs in aerosols and seawater showed comparable concentrations to remote areas in the European Arctic. A positive correlation between aerosol OPEs in the open water and the surface vortex of ocean currents indicates that these compounds may be transported and accumulated in the ocean currents. The Antarctica Circumpolar Current accumulates them in the marginal seas of Antarctica.

Pollution characteristics and risk assessment of organophosphate esters in aquaculture farms and natural water bodies adjacent to the Huanghe River delta

To date,little attention has been paid to the effects of organophosphate esters(OPEs)pollution on aquacultural environment and aquatic product safety.Huanghe(Yellow)River delta area is one of the largest aquaculture centers in China,where ecological security protection is crucial in the national strategy of China.To explore the pollution characteristics,bioaccumulation,and health risks of OPEs in aquaculture farms in the Huanghe River delta and natural water bodies in the adjacent seas,five species of organisms from different farm types nearby the Huanghe River delta,and the corresponding culture water and sediments were sampled in this study.The total concentrations of Σ_(13)OPEs in water,sediments,and organisms were 51.53-272.18 ng/L,52.63-63.17 ng/g dry weight(dw),and 46.82-108.90 ng/g dw,respectively.Among the five types of culture ponds,the water samples from the swimming crab and hairy crab culture ponds exhibited higher OPEs,the concentration of OPEs in the sediments from the few ponds was relatively balanced,and the OPEs in the organism from the holothurian ponds was higher.Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-isopropyl pho sphate)(TDCP)was the main contaminant in water samples and tripropyl phosphate(TPrP)in sediments and organisms.However,trisphenyl phosphate(TPhP)showed the strongest bioaccumulation ability,followed by 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate(EHDPP)and TPrP.The bioaccumulation capacities of the five species were as follows:prawn>holothurian>hairy crab>swimming crab>carp.These five types of organisms,as main seafood in human consumption,were at low risk of negative impacts of pollution.However,the risk from the mixture of organophosphate flame retardants(OPFRs)still requires more attention due to the increasing consumption and production in the world.

Adsorption of Phthalic Acid Esters by Humic Acid and Its Research Progress

Humic acid is rich in highly electronegative oxygen-containing organic functional groups,so it has high reactivity and can adsorb phthalic acid ester(PAEs)in the environment to reduce the risk of environmental pollution from PAEs.In this paper,the extraction,characterization and adsorption models of humic acid were reviewed,and the research status of adsorption of PAEs by humic acid was further summarized.Based on these,the feasibility and observable application prospect of humic acid as a cheap adsorbent were analyzed.

邻苯二甲酸酯降解功能内生菌群的筛选及定殖效能

为降低邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)污染作物对人体健康的威胁,从PAEs污染蔬菜中富集驯化具有PAEs降解高效性和广谱性的功能内生菌群,解析菌群群落组成并优化其降解条件,借助水培体系研究了功能内生菌群在作物体内的定殖效能.高通量测序结果表明,从门的分类水平看,菌群主要由变形菌门(Proteobacteria,76.57%)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes,21.04%)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria,2.37%)组成;从属的分类水平看,菌群主要由鞘氨醇杆菌属(Sphingobacterium,33.03%)、代尔夫特菌属(Delftia,40.61%)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas,11.70%)、无色杆菌属(Achromobacter,3.04%)和根瘤菌属(Rhizobium,6.90%)组成.在无机盐纯培养体系中,该菌群在7d内对5mg/L的邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)和邻苯二甲酸丁基苄基酯(BBP)降解率分别为97.08%、94.47%、98.02%和44.82%.单因素试验结果表明,菌群降解PAEs的最佳条件为:pH值7、25℃、盐度1%、底物浓度5mg/L.水稻水培试验表明,菌群可以定殖到水稻体内并有效促进PAEs的去除,与对照组相比,处理15d后水稻体内DMP、DEP、DBP和∑PAEs含量分别降低了41.09%、45.33%、63.06%和32.3%.菌群的定殖还能够提高水稻根长、株高和生物量,促进水稻的生长.该菌群在降低作物PAEs积累、保障PAEs污染地区农产品质量安全方面具有良好的应用前景,能有效降低作物PAEs污染对人体健康的威胁.

基于正交试验的民用飞机抗爆结构参数敏感性分析

最小风险炸弹位置(LRBL)结构是放置飞机上可疑爆炸物的装置,探究结构尺寸和炸药位置对其抗爆性能的影响程度可为其改进设计提供参考。基于正交试验设计与数值模拟相结合的方法,以LRBL结构各危险部位的最大应变和变形为评价指标,分别运用极差分析法和方差分析法对LRBL结构的罐体壁厚、底盖厚度、连接凸台厚度、剪切销直径和炸药位置5个影响因素开展参数敏感性分析。结果表明:在200 g炸药当量的工况下,各因素对LRBL结构的抗爆性能的影响显著程度从大到小为炸药位置、罐体壁厚、底盖厚度、凸台厚度和剪切销直径;结合评价指标综合分析得到各个因素最优水平下的LRBL结构设计方案。

日粮添加三丁酸甘油酯对肉鸡生长性能、养分消化率和血清生化指标的影响

文章旨在研究日粮中添加不同水平三丁酸甘油酯对肉鸡综合性能的影响。本试验将160只体重相近、健康无病的1日龄肉鸡随机分为4组,每组4个重复。对照组肉鸡饲喂基础日粮。试验I、II和III组分别在基础日粮中添加1000、1500、2000mg/kg三丁酸甘油酯。预饲期7d,正试期42d。结果表明,与对照组相比,试验组肉鸡的42日龄体重和平均日增重显著增加(P <0.05),试验II、III组肉鸡的料重比显著降低(P <0.05),但平均日采食量无显著差异(P> 0.05);试验组干物质、粗蛋白质、粗纤维及能量的表观消化率均显著增加(P <0.05);试验组肉鸡血清中总蛋白质含量和高密度脂蛋白含量显著增加(P <0.05),总胆固醇和甘油三酯含量显著降低(P <0.05),各试验组肉鸡血清中低密度脂蛋白含量较对照组无显著差异(P> 0.05)。总的来讲,日粮中添加三丁酸甘油酯能有效改善肉鸡生长性能,提升养分表观消化率,改善血清生化指标,综合考虑,肉鸡日粮中三丁酸甘油酯的最适添加量为1500mg/kg。

财政教育投入、产业结构升级对全要素生产率的影响

财政教育投入是我国教育投入的主要力量,对于普及义务教育和形成人力资本发挥着重要作用。人力资本是提高劳动力质量和实现技术进步的主要基础,研究财政教育投入对经济增长效率的作用机制和区域差异具有很好的理论和实践意义。在内生经济增长理论框架下,探究产业结构升级在财政教育投入影响全要素生产率过程中的调节效应。从全国数据看,财政教育投入可以直接提高全要素生产率,我国东部和中部地区的产业结构升级弱化了财政教育投入对全要素生产率的促进作用,西部地区的产业结构升级增强了财政教育投入对全要素生产率的促进作用。在其他控制变量中,GDP增长率和城镇化水平对全要素生产率具有明显促进作用,对外开放程度、外商直接投资、金融深化和科技投入占比对全要素生产率的影响存在较大区域差异。据此提出相应对策建议。

白肋烟中糖酯类化合物的分离与鉴定

烟草中糖酯类化合物是重要的致香前体物,对烟叶的品质具有重要影响。但目前还未见关于白肋烟烟叶中糖酯类化合物的分离分析研究。本实验利用高分辨液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MSn)技术,从白肋烟叶提取物中共分离鉴定出4类蔗糖酯和2类葡萄糖酯,每类均包含多种同系物。其中,4种蔗糖酯为首次发现,8种葡萄糖酯的结构鉴定在栽培烟草中为首次报道。本研究丰富了烟草中糖酯类化合物的种类,对烟草中不同类型蔗糖酯和葡萄糖酯的分析鉴定和代谢研究具有参考意义。

佛山市成年居民骨密度CT定量研究

目的:研究佛山地区成年人椎体骨密度(BMD)与性别、年龄的关系,探讨本地区不同年龄段BMD均值及各年龄段骨质疏松症(OP)的发病率。方法:对佛山市中医院2021年10月至2023年3月的1 065例(男性648例,女性417例)健康成年人体检者使用定量CT(QCT)行椎体BMD检测,按年龄段进行分组;采用t检验和方差分析对不同性别、不同年龄段BMD值进行检验,采用χ2检验和相关分析对不同性别、不同年龄段的OP发病率进行分析。结果:20~29岁、30~39岁、40~49岁及60~69岁、70~79岁不同性别间的BMD差异均有统计学意义,女性BMD在青中年时期高于男性。在40~49岁、50~59岁、60~69岁、70~79岁男性组及30~39、40~49岁、50~59岁、60~69岁女性组中,同性别不同年龄段间的BMD值差异有统计学意义,且随年龄的增长呈下降趋势;同性别不同年龄段的OP发病率差异均有统计学意义,年龄与OP发病率呈正相关关系(r男=0.517,r女=0.636)。结论:佛山市健康成年人QCT测量的椎体BMD与性别、年龄相关,在20~29岁达到峰值,随年龄的增长而下降;从40~49岁开始,OP发病率在男性和女性中随着年龄的增长而增加。

独一味化学成分和药理作用的研究进展及其质量标志物预测分析

独一味Lamiophlomis rotata(Benth.)Kudo为藏族习用药材,药用部位为干燥地上部分。现代研究表明,独一味主要含有环烯醚萜苷类、苯乙醇苷类、黄酮类、挥发油类等化学成分,具有镇痛、止血、抗菌、抗炎、免疫调节、抗肿瘤等药理作用。在对独一味化学成分及药理作用总结的基础上,结合其质量研究现状,从药性、功效、成分可测性、药动学等方面对其质量标志物(Q-marker)进行预测,槲皮素、芹菜素、山栀苷甲酯、8-O-乙酰山栀苷甲酯、胡麻属苷、连翘酯苷B、木犀草苷、马钱苷等成分可作为独一味的主要Q-marker,以期为独一味产品开发研究及质量标准的合理建立提供参考。

白酒酿造微生物酯化酶的研究进展

酯化酶是一类具有催化酯类物质合成活性的酶类。广义上的酯化酶被广泛应用于食品,化工,医药、军工及环保等领域中。白酒酿造微生物酯酶在白酒发酵生香过程中具有重要作用,其代谢产生的乙酸乙酯、乳酸乙酯、丁酸乙酯和己酸乙酯等酯类物质是中国白酒最为重要的风味物质。因此,深入研究中国白酒酿酒微生物酯化酶,对提高白酒优质品率、提升酿酒原料利用率具有重要意义。从微生物酯化酶的来源、特性、分子进化以及在白酒酿造中的应用进行了综述,旨在为中国白酒微生物资源的深入研究和发掘提供一定的思路。

农田土壤中邻苯二甲酸酯降解功能细菌及其应用

本文综述了我国农田土壤PAEs污染特征,重点概述了PAEs降解功能菌株筛选、菌群构建及其应用策略.详细分析了细菌介导的PAEs降解的水解和开环裂解两个途径及参与其中的关键功能基因和酶,讨论了PAEs降解功能细菌在污染土壤中的应用、影响因素及可能存在的问题,并对该技术在消减农田土壤PAEs污染中的应用进行展望,以期为我国PAEs污染农田土壤功能细菌修复及农业生产安全提供理论和技术参考.

葡萄叶片对空气中邻苯二甲酸酯的吸收累积特征

【目的】为探索葡萄叶片及其内部组成物质对空气中PAEs的吸收累积特征,阐明葡萄叶片从空气中吸收累积DBP、DEHP、DIBP的能力及规律。【方法】试验采用盆栽葡萄覆盖玻璃罩的方式,在玻璃罩内放置盛有DBP、DEHP、DIBP混合物的甲醇溶液培养皿,让PAEs自然挥发被植株吸收累积,研究叶片及其内部组成物质脂肪、糖、蛋白质对PAEs的吸收累积特征。【结果】3个品种葡萄叶片对DBP、DEHP和DIBP的累积量随着PAEs处理浓度的增高而增大,且不同污染水平各单体含量及总含量差异显著(P<0.05)。葡萄叶片对DEHP的累积量最高,在高污染处理中其累积量占比在92.90%~93.86%,其次为DBP和DIBP。叶片脂肪、糖、蛋白质中均检出DBP、DEHP和DIBP,各污染处理3种化合物的含量与空白差异显著(P<0.05),三者在脂肪中的累积量最多,最高可达87.06 mg/kg,在糖中最高仅为5.818 mg/kg,在蛋白质中最高仅为3.793 mg/kg。通过对葡萄叶片累积PAEs能力与组成物质的相关性进行分析,葡萄叶片PAEs累积量与脂肪中PAEs含量呈显著正相关相关,与糖和蛋白无显著相关性。【结论】葡萄叶片可从空气中吸收累积PAEs,其累积PAEs能力与脂肪密切相关。

吗替麦考酚酯联合泼尼松对IgA肾病患者尿β2-MG、U-mAlb及α1-MG水平的影响

目的 观察吗替麦考酚酯联合泼尼松治疗免疫球蛋白A(IgA)肾病对患者尿β2微球蛋白(β2-MG)、尿微量白蛋白(U-mAlb)及尿液α1微球蛋白(α1-MG)水平的影响。方法 选取秦皇岛市第一医院肾内科2019年1月至2022年1月收治的89例IgA肾病患者为研究对象,采用信封随机法分为泼尼松组(n=43)和联合组(n=46)。泼尼松组给予常规治疗联合小剂量泼尼松治疗,联合组在泼尼松组基础上联合吗替麦考酚酯治疗。比较两组尿β2-MG、U-mAlb、α1-MG、N-乙酰-β-D氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)及尿足细胞蛋白的水平,检测两组肾功能、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)、转化生长因子-α(TGF-α)、血尿酸、血红蛋白的差异,统计两组疗效。结果 治疗后,两组尿液β2-MG、U-mAlb、α1-MG、NAG下降,且联合组低于泼尼松组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组尿NPHS1蛋白、Podocin蛋白下降,且联合组低于泼尼松组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组VEGF、TGF-β1、TGF-α下降,且联合组低于泼尼松组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组Scr、BUN、24hU-TP、eGFR下降,且联合组24hU-TP、e GFR下降后水平低于泼尼松组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 吗替麦考酚酯联合小剂量泼尼松治疗IgA肾病可保护患者足细胞,减轻肾损伤,提高疗效。

风量对跨临界CO_(2)驻车空调系统性能的影响

为研究风量变化对跨临界CO_(2)驻车空调系统性能的影响,控制室内外风量在最优风量以降低总能耗,获得最高的能效比。通过搭建系统样机,在焓差室测试其性能并研究风量对系统性能的影响。结果表明:样机在名义制冷工况下,取系统理想制冷性能系数C_(OP)最大时对应的排气压力为最优排气压力(9 MPa)。在最优排气压力下探究风量的影响。室内风量固定时,随着室外风量的增加,排气温度先快速下降后趋于稳定。室外风量固定时,排气温度与室内风量的关系取决于室外风量的大小,当室外风量低于1500 m^(3)/h时,排气温度随着室内风量的增加而增加;当室外风量高于1500 m^(3)/h时,排气温度随着室内风量的增加呈现先减小后增大的趋势,且在室内风量为300 m^(3)/h时排气温度达到最小值。室内、外风量增加时,系统制冷量先增加后降低,总功耗先降低后升高,系统C_(OP)呈现先上升后下降的趋势。最优风量为室内风量300 m^(3)/h,室外风量1750 m^(3)/h,此时系统C_(OP)达到最大2.26,为跨临界CO_(2)驻车空调系统的设计与安全高效运行提供参考。

丙烯酸硅烷酯柔性自抛光防污涂料制备及性能

以甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸异辛酯、丙烯酸甲氧基乙酯、丙烯酸三异丙基硅酯为单体,制备了丙烯酸硅烷酯基体树脂,将其与韧性树脂(液态聚丁二烯)共同作为成膜共混树脂,并以Cu_(2)O作为主要防污剂组分、吡啶硫酮铜(CuPT)和代森锌(Zineb)为辅助有机防污剂组分,配制了柔性自抛光防污涂料。对丙烯酸硅烷酯基体树脂进行了FTIR表征和玻璃化转变温度(Tg)测定,对成膜共混树脂进行了SEM测试,对柔性自抛光防污涂料进行了柔韧性、附着力、吸水率和防污性能测试。结果表明,丙烯酸硅烷酯基体树脂的Tg=–20.54℃时,具有较好的物理机械性能;韧性树脂可以作为外增塑手段增加丙烯酸硅烷酯基体树脂的柔韧性,当m(丙烯酸硅烷酯基体树脂)∶m(韧性树脂)=7∶3时,成膜共混树脂的相容性最好;柔性自抛光防污涂料柔韧性为1级,在弹性体基材表面附着力达到4.0 MPa;经过60 d测试,吸水率为1.1%~1.2%;浅海浸泡挂板36个月显示出明显的防污效果。