An Important Acupuncture Demonstration in the History of Legalization of Acupuncture in the United States

This article details a public acupuncture demonstration that took place on May 9,1972,in San Francisco,California.It was conducted by two traditional Chinese medicine doctors Pien Bae Chi(卞伯岐)and Leung Kok Yuen(梁觉玄),and was observed by 500 American medical doctors.This was an important public acupuncture demonstration in the early history of acupunccture in the United States(US).It directly promoted the passage of the first acupuncture bill by California government and had a significant impact on the legalization of acupuncture in California.

A Connectivity-Based Legalization Scheme for Standard Cell Placement

Standard cell placement algorithms have been at the forefront of academic research concerning the physical design stages of VLSI design flows. The penultimate step of a standard cell placement procedure is legalization. In this step the manufacturability of the design is directly settled, and the quality of the solution, in terms of wirelength, congestion, timing and power consumption is indirectly defined. Since the heavy lifting regarding processing is performed by global placers, fast legalization solutions are protruded in state-of-the-art design flows. In this paper we propose and evaluate a legalization scheme that surpasses in execution speed two of the most widely used legalizers, without not only corrupting the quality of the final solution in terms of interconnection wirelength but improving it in the process.

Two Sides of Thailand’s Legalization of Cannabis

In early June, Thailand officially decriminalized the growing of marijuana and its consumption for medical and legal purposes, a first for Asia which has been known for the strictest anti-drug laws in the world. The government hopes the move will help boost the economy,but health and social concerns have already emerged in the region.

Forty Years' Construction of Rule of Law and the Legalization of Human Rights Protection in China

A market economy requires the individual rights of citizens be protected, and that the exercising of those rights be regulated, whose realization depends on the legalization of human rights protection On the one hand, individual rights must be protected by law On the other hand, a law-based society needs to be built so the boundaries of individual rights are clear, the exercising of those rights are regulated, conflicts between rights can be resolved through the courts, and the personal infringement of others’ rights and the overall interests of the society is prohibited by law During the 40 years of China’s ref orm and opening-up in China, the promotion of the legal protection of human rights mainly lies in three aspects: first, the important role of the rule of law plays in protecting human rights has been clarified; second, the four steps of the rule of law(scientific legislation, strict law enforcement, judicial justice and observance of the law by all Chinese citizens) have been strengthened to safeguard human rights fully and effectively; third, the Chinese human rights system under the rule of law has gradually been aligned with international norms.

Analysis and improving countermeasures of medical disputes from the perspective of legal changes

Under the background of medical disputes growing in number,scale and intensity,tracing back legal changes in medical field as a breakthrough point,this paper took a legal perspective to illustrate changes in medical dispute settlements from legislative orientation to legal system improvement.In view of the fact that early legislation in medical field was biased towards identification and punishment of doctors’responsibility,and later intensive legislation in balancing increasing"medical trouble"phenomenon with limited effects and difficulties to abide by the law,this paper proposed to improve doctor-patient dispute settlements system in China referencing from foreign law experience,to reduce investigation of doctors at the judicial level,and to establish a settlement mechanism on doctors’apology at the legislative level,so as to promote a healthy development of doctor-patient relationship.

Research on the Legal Framework of Content Regulations for Network Platforms

In the era of the Internet,various network platforms have evolved into new hubs for information dissemination.Currently,China has established a platform-centered content regulation framework,wherein platforms proactively enforce content regulations in accordance with legal censorship obligations.Additionally,platform policies and user agreements augment their authority in content regulation.The platforms can achieve cost-effective and highly efficient content regulation by leveraging their strategic advantages enabled by their own technical capabilities and extensive coverage.The platform self-regulation model,however,still faces challenges.First,accurately evaluating content remains a formidable task;second,ensuring effective platform publicity through self-regulation poses difficulties;third,users may potentially face disadvantages due to the platform’s right of self-regulation;and fourth,digital copyright owners face challenges when defending digital copyright disputes under the safe harbor rule.Therefore,it is imperative to establish,review,and revise the legal framework for content regulation of network platforms in order to enhance the efficiency of their governance systems.The formulation of the legal framework for content regulation of network platforms may encompass the following aspects:rationalizing obligations pertaining to platform content regulations,enhancing supervision over platform self-regulation,and establishing a dual-track responsibility system for digital copyright content regulation.This will ensure a harmonious balance among public interests,users’personal rights and interests,and commercial benefits through regulating the content on network platforms.

Research on Current Situation and Legal Regulation of Cosmetics Live Streaming E-commerce in China

Analyze the compatibility between cosmetics and live streaming e-commerce from its own nature,marketing means and supply chain characteristics.According to the prominent problems,sort out the relationship between all parties in the cosmetics live e-commerce industry chain.Combined with the latest regulatory policies of live streaming e-commerce and cosmetics,the responsibilities of different subjects in cosmetics live streaming e-commerce are summarized,and relevant suggestions and countermeasures are put forward for the standardization and development of live streaming e-commerce.Cosmetics brand owners are the first responsible persons for product quality.Anchors,as a mixed identity between intermediary,advertising spokesperson and operator,should bear stricter joint and several liability when recommending products related to consumers’health.If anchors fail to clearly identify themselves in the recommendation process,thus causing consumers to mistake them for the operator of the cosmetics,they should assume the obligations of the operator.

A Brief Introduction to the Business of Certification/Legalization of the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade and China Chamber of International Commerce

Since its founding in 1952,the ChinaCouncil for the Promotion ofInternational Trade(CCPIT) has beenengaged,as a commercial chamber,in issuingand certifying/legalizing foreign-relateddocuments.Over the past forty years,theCCPIT has gained a high internationalreputation for its fairness and authority inissuing and certifying/legalizing documentsused in export and import,such as documentsfor customs clearance,the settlement ofexchange and licensing,and certificates oforigin,certificates of contractual liabilitiesand certificates of force majeure.

Research on Enterprise Legal Service Strategy Based on Compliance Management Optimization

With the background of enterprise compliance management,this paper discusses how to improve the level of enterprise legal service and reduce enterprise legal risks by optimizing the compliance management system.It aims to analyze the current situation and existing problems of enterprise legal services through the analysis of the importance of compliance management.Furthermore,it delves into the case of enterprise legal service strategy based on compliance management optimization to verify the effectiveness and feasibility of enterprise legal service strategy.

On the Value of the Legalization of Political Participation in Protecting Human Rights

It＇s necessary to legalize political participation in contemporary China because of its value in protecting human rights in terms of function and value. That is, the legalization of political participation aims to promote human rights protec- tion. What＇s more, the legalization of political participation in contemporary China and the maturity of the pro- motion of interest coordination and the rule of law, also show the great development of democracy and politi- cal stability in China.

Exploration of Interdisciplinary Integration in Teaching Reform of Legal Studies and Auditing

This paper attempts to explore interdisciplinary integration from four aspects:the necessity of interdisciplinary integration between legal studies and auditing,the difficulties and challenges encountered in this integration,the ideas for teaching reform in the context of interdisciplinary integration,and the expected outcomes.The aim is to achieve an organic integration of legal studies and auditing through systematic teaching reforms,thereby providing students with comprehensive and integrated knowledge and skills training,ensuring the quality of talent cultivation,and adapting to the needs of social development.

Strategies of English Legal Translation

In recent years,China is deepening reform and opening up to the outside world especially after China's successful accession to the WTO.Sino-foreign communication in the field of law is on the rise day by day along with the rapid development of globalization.As can be seen from the previous legal translation studies both in the western world and in China,scholars or researchers have made much effort to conduct studies of legal translation.In this thesis,the basic features of Strategies in legal translation are introduced with some examples in the legal translation practices.And it is explained how to produce a successful legal translation.

Stylistic Characteristics of English Legal Texts

The characteristics of authority and standard in Legal English decide the significance of the translation about legal English texts. This thesis presents the stylistic features of legal English. It is hoped that translators would be able to understand legal English accurately.

Legal English Vocabulary and Its Translation

There are differences between legal English and general English.Legal English relates to the legal profession.Law needs to maintain the impression of seriousness,standardization,accuracy and objectiveness,and as a result,legal English also has these characteristics.Compared to general everyday English,the application of legal English vocabulary requires consideration of these characteristics.In the translation of legal content,attention is also needed to be paid to the characteristics of forensic linguistics.Standardized legal terms are used in the translation of legal regulations and other content to keep the characteristics of faithfulness,accuracy,smoothness and consistency.In this paper,legal English vocabulary is discussed based on its characteristics,as well as the method of translation of legal content.For practical translation of legal English,translation methods include literal translation,free translation and addition and omission.These methods are briefly discussed in this paper.

On educational system of legal translation course in colleges of China

With the broadening of economic and commercial communication between China and the outside world, the market of legal and contract document translation job is blooming harshly in both China and abroad. Accompanying this tendency, the professionalizing forensic development of translation is booming up as well. The request for higher education institutions to establish the education system of forensic translation is shining in human＇s eyes, and the cultivating system for the future, the world and profession is highly regarded. So comprehensive profession-cultivating, socialization and economy-serving should be the direction of the education of foreign languages department, related foreign forensic document translation and professional direction of public foreign language teaching as well are the aims of this reform of education. So the aim of this new education system should be the establishing the system of professional translation, forensic translation, cross-subject education and the cultivation of multi-professionals.

Legal序半群

本文首先介绍序半群的正则性和一些格林等价关系,然后介绍一类新的序半--legal序半群,以及它与格林关系相关的性质。笔者指出,一个legal序半群不一定是正则的,同时给出正则的legal序半群的一些性质。

Teaching Legal Englishfor Law Studentsin China:Difficultiesand Solutions

Teaching legal English for law students in China is difficult.For one thing,many Chinese law students have trouble moreor less in learning English,because the English language is not their mother tongue.For another,legal English differs a great dealfrom everyday English in many respects,including terminology,phrasing,linguistic structure,and linguistic conventions,whichmakes legal English teaching for law students in China by far harder.To solve difficulties undermining teaching legal English forlaw students in China,the author of this paper holds that in his or her actual legal English teaching,the teacher should boost lawstudents basic English teaching,expose them to cases study of specialized legal English terminology and linguistic structures andconventions.

Forest fire prevention management legal regime between China and the United States

Precautions against forest fires,a significant element in the prevention and reduction of natural disasters in China,are very important to the development of public emergency systems,as well as to the safety of forest resources,ecology,people’s lives and properties.The USA has extensive experience in forest fire management,which has been widely accepted and used by other countries.The precautions taken by China and the USA to prevent forest fires have been compared in a great number of previous studies.However,most of the studies have focused merely on fire extinguishing technologies and management methods;they have lacked a comparative study on the legal aspects of management.This paper will consider five distinct aspects related to forest fire management between China and the USA and will analyze the similarities and differences as well as study other features to facilitate work related to precautions against forest fires in China.

Romanian legal management rules limit wood production in Norway spruce and beech forests

Background： The quantitative impact of forest management on forests＇ wood resource was evaluated for Picea and Fagus mixed forests. The effects on the productivity of tendering operations, thinnings and rotation length have seldom been directly quantified on landscape scale. Methods： Two sites of similar fertility but subject to contrasted forest management were studied with detailed inventories： one in Germany, the other in Romania, and compared with the respective national forest inventories. In Romania, regulations impose very long rotations, low thinnings and a period of no-cut before harvest. In contrast, tending and thinnings are frequent and intense in Germany. Harvests start much earlier and must avoid clear cutting but maintain a permanent forest cover with natural regeneration. While Germany has an average annual wood increment representative for Central Europe, Romania represents the average for Eastern Europe. Results： The lack of tending and thinning in the Romanian site resulted in twice as many trees per hectare as in the German site for the same age. The productivity in Romanian production forests was 20 % lower than in Germany despite a similar fertility. The results were supported by the data from the national forest inventory of each country, which confirmed that the same differential exists at country scale. Furthermore, provided the difference in rotation length, two crops are harvested in Germany when only one is harvested in Romania. The losses of production due to a lower level of management in Romania where estimated to reach 12.8 million m3.y-1 in regular mountain production forests, and to 15 million m3.y-1 if managed protection forest is included. Conclusions： The productivity of Picea and Fagus mountain forests in Romania is severely depressed by the lack of tending and thinning, by overly long rotations and the existence of a 25-years no-cut period prior to harvest. The average standing volume in Germany was 50 % lower than in Romania, but the higher harvesting rate resulted in more than doubling wood production. Considering the mitigation effects of climate change by forests, it emerges that the increase in standing volume of forests in Romania is smaller than the additional harvest in Germany which serves fossil fuel substitution.

从概念联取的角度辨析法律术语legal research的翻译

简单概念通过联取的方式构成复合概念,由此而成的复合概念与简单概念之间,在内涵和外延上均已发生了质的变化,这种变化却因为联取前后的概念在指称词语上存在着联系而容易被译者所忽略,从而导致误译的出现,法律术语legal research的误译即具有一定的代表性。