This research aimed to investigate the effect of pulping conditions and refining intensities of wheat straw to be recommended for fluff pulp production.For this purpose,mono ethanol amine(MEA)was selected as a de-lign...This research aimed to investigate the effect of pulping conditions and refining intensities of wheat straw to be recommended for fluff pulp production.For this purpose,mono ethanol amine(MEA)was selected as a de-lignification agent at three levels of 50:50,25:75,and 15:85(MEA/water,W/V%),and soda-AQ 14 W/V%was used as a reference pulping.To investigate the optimal refining intensity,the obtained pulp was passed through a single disk laboratory refiner from 0 to 6 times and in two different consistencies(1.5 and 2.5 W/V%).Total yield,kappa number,ash content,and the Schopper-Riegler(SR°)freeness of the prepared pulps were investigated.Finally,hand sheets with a targeted basic weight of 70 g/m^(2) were made according to the related standards.The hand sheets were characterized using Fourier transform infrared(FTIR)spectroscopy and a field emission scanning electron microscope(FE-SEM).Sheet density,brightness,and mechanical properties such as burst,tensile,and tear indices were also investigated.The FE-SEM photographs showed that the texture of the hand sheet became denser as the refining intensity increased.External fibrillation on the surface of the fibers was also observed,especially on those refined with 2.5%consistency.The results of the chemical composition of wheat straw indicated that wheat straw containing a high percentage of holocellulose is an excellent candidate for the production of fluff pulp.The total yield and kappa number of MEA pulps increased with the decrease in MEA concentration.FTIR results indicated the presence of a peak related to amino groups in the pulp related to MEA pulp.The results also indicated that the mechanical properties of the papers,except for the tear index,were enhanced as the intensity of refining and the pulp consistency during refining increased.展开更多
In this study, the kinetics and mechanism of the iridium（ Ⅲ ） -catalyzed oxidation of ethanol amine（EAN） by cerium（Ⅳ） in a sulfuric acid medium was investigated using titrimetric technique of redox in a temper...In this study, the kinetics and mechanism of the iridium（ Ⅲ ） -catalyzed oxidation of ethanol amine（EAN） by cerium（Ⅳ） in a sulfuric acid medium was investigated using titrimetric technique of redox in a temperature range of 298--313 K. It was found that the reaction is of first order with respect to Ce（ Ⅳ ） and It（ Ⅲ ）, and a positive fractional order with respect to EAN. It was also found that the pseudo-first-order （ [EAN ] 〉〉 [ Ce （ Ⅳ） ] ） rate constant koba decreases with the increase of [ H^＋ ] and [ HSO^-4 ]. Under the protection of nitrogen gas, the reaction system can initiate the polymerization of acrylonitrile, indicating the generation of free radicals. On the basis of the experimental results, a suitable mechanism was proposed. From the dependence of koba on the concentration of hydrogen sulfate, Ce（SO4）2 was found to be the kinetically active species. The rate constants of the rote-determining step together with the activation parameters were evaluated.展开更多
Tetra-bromo-methyl-resorcin[4]arene cavitands were synthesized and C-2 position amine functionalized to obtain C-propyl-o-toluidine-methyl-resorcin[4]arene cavitand 4, and the crystal containing one solvate molecule o...Tetra-bromo-methyl-resorcin[4]arene cavitands were synthesized and C-2 position amine functionalized to obtain C-propyl-o-toluidine-methyl-resorcin[4]arene cavitand 4, and the crystal containing one solvate molecule of ethanol was obtained in a dichloromethane-ethanol solvent system, its structure crystallized in the monoclinic space group P2<sub>1</sub>/n, with a = 12.521(3) Å, b = 21.738(6) Å, c = 25.353(6) Å, α = 90˚, β = 102.372(4)˚, γ = 90˚, and Z = 4. The compound was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and characterized by <sup>1</sup>H NMR, FT-IR and elemental analyses.展开更多
基金This study was financially supported by Iranian National Science Foundation(project number of 4020345).
文摘This research aimed to investigate the effect of pulping conditions and refining intensities of wheat straw to be recommended for fluff pulp production.For this purpose,mono ethanol amine(MEA)was selected as a de-lignification agent at three levels of 50:50,25:75,and 15:85(MEA/water,W/V%),and soda-AQ 14 W/V%was used as a reference pulping.To investigate the optimal refining intensity,the obtained pulp was passed through a single disk laboratory refiner from 0 to 6 times and in two different consistencies(1.5 and 2.5 W/V%).Total yield,kappa number,ash content,and the Schopper-Riegler(SR°)freeness of the prepared pulps were investigated.Finally,hand sheets with a targeted basic weight of 70 g/m^(2) were made according to the related standards.The hand sheets were characterized using Fourier transform infrared(FTIR)spectroscopy and a field emission scanning electron microscope(FE-SEM).Sheet density,brightness,and mechanical properties such as burst,tensile,and tear indices were also investigated.The FE-SEM photographs showed that the texture of the hand sheet became denser as the refining intensity increased.External fibrillation on the surface of the fibers was also observed,especially on those refined with 2.5%consistency.The results of the chemical composition of wheat straw indicated that wheat straw containing a high percentage of holocellulose is an excellent candidate for the production of fluff pulp.The total yield and kappa number of MEA pulps increased with the decrease in MEA concentration.FTIR results indicated the presence of a peak related to amino groups in the pulp related to MEA pulp.The results also indicated that the mechanical properties of the papers,except for the tear index,were enhanced as the intensity of refining and the pulp consistency during refining increased.
基金Supported by the Doctoral Foundation of Education Department of Hebei Province(NoB2004205) Hebei University Re-search Foundation(No2003Z09)
文摘In this study, the kinetics and mechanism of the iridium（ Ⅲ ） -catalyzed oxidation of ethanol amine（EAN） by cerium（Ⅳ） in a sulfuric acid medium was investigated using titrimetric technique of redox in a temperature range of 298--313 K. It was found that the reaction is of first order with respect to Ce（ Ⅳ ） and It（ Ⅲ ）, and a positive fractional order with respect to EAN. It was also found that the pseudo-first-order （ [EAN ] 〉〉 [ Ce （ Ⅳ） ] ） rate constant koba decreases with the increase of [ H^＋ ] and [ HSO^-4 ]. Under the protection of nitrogen gas, the reaction system can initiate the polymerization of acrylonitrile, indicating the generation of free radicals. On the basis of the experimental results, a suitable mechanism was proposed. From the dependence of koba on the concentration of hydrogen sulfate, Ce（SO4）2 was found to be the kinetically active species. The rate constants of the rote-determining step together with the activation parameters were evaluated.
文摘Tetra-bromo-methyl-resorcin[4]arene cavitands were synthesized and C-2 position amine functionalized to obtain C-propyl-o-toluidine-methyl-resorcin[4]arene cavitand 4, and the crystal containing one solvate molecule of ethanol was obtained in a dichloromethane-ethanol solvent system, its structure crystallized in the monoclinic space group P2<sub>1</sub>/n, with a = 12.521(3) Å, b = 21.738(6) Å, c = 25.353(6) Å, α = 90˚, β = 102.372(4)˚, γ = 90˚, and Z = 4. The compound was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and characterized by <sup>1</sup>H NMR, FT-IR and elemental analyses.
