Efficient detection of coalbed methane(CBM) co-production interference is the key to timely adjusting the development plan and improving the co-production efficiency. Based on production data of six typical CBM co-pro...Efficient detection of coalbed methane(CBM) co-production interference is the key to timely adjusting the development plan and improving the co-production efficiency. Based on production data of six typical CBM co-production wells in the Zhijin block of western Guizhou Province, China, the production characteristic curves, including production indication curve, curve of daily water production per unit drawdown of producing fluid level with time, and curve of water production per unit differential pressure with time have been analyzed to explore the response characteristics of co-production interference on the production characteristic curves. Based on the unit water inflow data of pumping test in coal measures, the critical value of in-situ water production of the CBM wells is 2 m^(3)/(d·m). The form and the slope of the initial linear section of the production indication curves have clear responses to the interference, which can be used to discriminate internal water source from external water source based on the critical slope value of 200 m^(3)/MPa in the initial linear section of the production indication curve. The time variation curves of water production per unit differential pressure can be divided into two morphological types: up-concave curve and down-concave curve. The former is represented by producing internal water with average daily gas production greater than 800 m^(3)/d, and the latter produces external water with average daily gas production smaller than 400 m^(3)/d. The method and critical indexes for recognition of CBM co-production interference based on the production characteristic curve are constructed. A template for discriminating interference of CBM co-production was constructed combined with the gas production efficiency analysis, which can provide reference for optimizing co-production engineering design and exploring economic and efficient co-production mode.展开更多
One-step conversion of methane and formaldehyde into ethanol is a 100% atom-efficient process for carbon resources utilization and environment protection but still faces eminent challenges due to the lacking of effici...One-step conversion of methane and formaldehyde into ethanol is a 100% atom-efficient process for carbon resources utilization and environment protection but still faces eminent challenges due to the lacking of efficient catalysts. Therefore, developing active and stable catalysts is crucial for the co-conversion of methane and formaldehyde. Herein, twelve kinds of “Single-Atom”-“Frustrated Lewis Pair”(SA-FLP)dual-active-site catalysts are designed for the direct conversion of methane and formaldehyde to ethanol based on density functional theory(DFT) calculations and microkinetic simulations. The results show that the SA-FLP dual active sites can simultaneously activate methane at the SA site and activate formaldehyde at the FLP site. Among the twelve designed SA-FLP catalysts, Fe1-FLP shows the best performance in the co-conversion of methane and formaldehyde to ethanol with the rate-determining barrier of 1.15 e V.Ethanol is proved as the main product with the turnover frequency of 1.32 × 10^(-4)s^(-1)at 573 K and 3 bar.This work provides a universal strategy to design dual active sites on metal oxide materials and offers new insights into the effective conversion of methane and formaldehyde to desired C_(2) chemicals.展开更多
Heme oxygenase-1（HO-1） plays important roles in anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunoregulative activities. The aim of this study was to observe if HO-1 transfection could inhibit the damage of osteoblasts indu...Heme oxygenase-1（HO-1） plays important roles in anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunoregulative activities. The aim of this study was to observe if HO-1 transfection could inhibit the damage of osteoblasts induced by ethanol. HO-1 was transfected into osteoblasts via constructed plasmid. After exposure to ethanol for 24 h, cytoactivity and apoptosis of osteoblasts were measured by MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Furthermore, the oxidative stress and inflammatory factors in osteoblasts were measured. Compared to positive control group, the cytoactivity of transfected osteoblasts was significantly increased, and the apoptosis rate was significantly decreased（P〈0.05）. At the same time, the levels of reactive oxygen species（ROS）, methane dicarboxylic aldehyde（MDA）, tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α） and interleukin-1（IL-1） were significantly decreased（P〈0.05）, and superoxide dismutase（SOD） level was increased（P〈0.05） in the transfected osteoblasts as compared with positive controls. These results suggest that HO-1 plays a protective role in osteoblasts, and HO-1 transfection can effectively inhibit bone damage induced by ethanol.展开更多
A new cleaner production process for cassava ethanol has been developed, in which the thin stillage by-product was treated initially by anaerobic digestion, and the digestate further processed by hydrogen-form cation ...A new cleaner production process for cassava ethanol has been developed, in which the thin stillage by-product was treated initially by anaerobic digestion, and the digestate further processed by hydrogen-form cation exchange resin before being recycled as process water to make mash for the next ethanol fermentation batch.Thus wastewater was eliminated and freshwater and energy consumption was significantly reduced. To evaluate the new process, ten consecutive batches of ethanol fermentation and anaerobic digestion at lab scale were carried out. Average ethanol production in the recycling batches was 11.43%(v/v) which was similar to the first batch, where deionized(DI) water was used as process water. The chemical oxygen demand(COD) removal rate reached 98% and the methane yield was 322 ml per gram of COD removed, suggesting an efficient and stable operation of the anaerobic digestion. In conclusion, the application of the new process can contribute to sustainable development of the cassava ethanol industry.展开更多
Conversion of methane into liquid alcohol such as ethanol at low temperature in a straight,selective and low energy consumption process remains a topic of intense scientific research but a great challenge.In this work...Conversion of methane into liquid alcohol such as ethanol at low temperature in a straight,selective and low energy consumption process remains a topic of intense scientific research but a great challenge.In this work,CuFe_(2)O_(4)/CNT composite is successfully synthesized via a facile co-reduction method and used as catalysts to selectively oxidize methane.At a low temperature of 150℃,methane is directly converted to ethanol in a single process on the as-prepared CuFe_(2)O_(4)/CNT composite with high selectivity.A mechanism is also proposed for the significant methane selective oxidation performance of the CuFe_(2)O_(4)/CNT composite catalysts.展开更多
The synthesis of diethoxy methane was studied using ethanol and formaldehyde as the raw materials and toluene-p-sulfonic acid as the catalyst.It was found that when the mole ratio of ethanol to formaldehyde was 3.97∶...The synthesis of diethoxy methane was studied using ethanol and formaldehyde as the raw materials and toluene-p-sulfonic acid as the catalyst.It was found that when the mole ratio of ethanol to formaldehyde was 3.97∶[KG-*3/5]1,the mole ratio of toluene-p-sulfonic acid to the total raw materials 7%,the reaction temperature 25 ℃,the stirring speed 70 r/min and the reaction time 10 min,the yield of DEM was about 90.4%.Under the above reaction conditions,the yield was about 62.3% using HCl as the catalyst,and the amount of water in the product was higher and the waste acid in the continuous reaction would pollute the environment.In(addition) toluene-p-sulfonic acid can be used repeatedly.Therefore,this synthesis method is useful the practical production of diethoxy methane.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(42002195)National Science and Technology Major Project(2016ZX05044)National Natural Science Foundation of China(42130802)。
文摘Efficient detection of coalbed methane(CBM) co-production interference is the key to timely adjusting the development plan and improving the co-production efficiency. Based on production data of six typical CBM co-production wells in the Zhijin block of western Guizhou Province, China, the production characteristic curves, including production indication curve, curve of daily water production per unit drawdown of producing fluid level with time, and curve of water production per unit differential pressure with time have been analyzed to explore the response characteristics of co-production interference on the production characteristic curves. Based on the unit water inflow data of pumping test in coal measures, the critical value of in-situ water production of the CBM wells is 2 m^(3)/(d·m). The form and the slope of the initial linear section of the production indication curves have clear responses to the interference, which can be used to discriminate internal water source from external water source based on the critical slope value of 200 m^(3)/MPa in the initial linear section of the production indication curve. The time variation curves of water production per unit differential pressure can be divided into two morphological types: up-concave curve and down-concave curve. The former is represented by producing internal water with average daily gas production greater than 800 m^(3)/d, and the latter produces external water with average daily gas production smaller than 400 m^(3)/d. The method and critical indexes for recognition of CBM co-production interference based on the production characteristic curve are constructed. A template for discriminating interference of CBM co-production was constructed combined with the gas production efficiency analysis, which can provide reference for optimizing co-production engineering design and exploring economic and efficient co-production mode.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.22078257, 22038011 and 22108213)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No.2021M692548)+1 种基金the Joint Fund of the Yulin University and the Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy (YLU-DNL Fund No.2022001)the Young Talent Support Plan of Shaanxi Province。
文摘One-step conversion of methane and formaldehyde into ethanol is a 100% atom-efficient process for carbon resources utilization and environment protection but still faces eminent challenges due to the lacking of efficient catalysts. Therefore, developing active and stable catalysts is crucial for the co-conversion of methane and formaldehyde. Herein, twelve kinds of “Single-Atom”-“Frustrated Lewis Pair”(SA-FLP)dual-active-site catalysts are designed for the direct conversion of methane and formaldehyde to ethanol based on density functional theory(DFT) calculations and microkinetic simulations. The results show that the SA-FLP dual active sites can simultaneously activate methane at the SA site and activate formaldehyde at the FLP site. Among the twelve designed SA-FLP catalysts, Fe1-FLP shows the best performance in the co-conversion of methane and formaldehyde to ethanol with the rate-determining barrier of 1.15 e V.Ethanol is proved as the main product with the turnover frequency of 1.32 × 10^(-4)s^(-1)at 573 K and 3 bar.This work provides a universal strategy to design dual active sites on metal oxide materials and offers new insights into the effective conversion of methane and formaldehyde to desired C_(2) chemicals.
文摘Heme oxygenase-1（HO-1） plays important roles in anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunoregulative activities. The aim of this study was to observe if HO-1 transfection could inhibit the damage of osteoblasts induced by ethanol. HO-1 was transfected into osteoblasts via constructed plasmid. After exposure to ethanol for 24 h, cytoactivity and apoptosis of osteoblasts were measured by MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Furthermore, the oxidative stress and inflammatory factors in osteoblasts were measured. Compared to positive control group, the cytoactivity of transfected osteoblasts was significantly increased, and the apoptosis rate was significantly decreased（P〈0.05）. At the same time, the levels of reactive oxygen species（ROS）, methane dicarboxylic aldehyde（MDA）, tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α） and interleukin-1（IL-1） were significantly decreased（P〈0.05）, and superoxide dismutase（SOD） level was increased（P〈0.05） in the transfected osteoblasts as compared with positive controls. These results suggest that HO-1 plays a protective role in osteoblasts, and HO-1 transfection can effectively inhibit bone damage induced by ethanol.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21506075)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20150131)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(JUSRP51504)
文摘A new cleaner production process for cassava ethanol has been developed, in which the thin stillage by-product was treated initially by anaerobic digestion, and the digestate further processed by hydrogen-form cation exchange resin before being recycled as process water to make mash for the next ethanol fermentation batch.Thus wastewater was eliminated and freshwater and energy consumption was significantly reduced. To evaluate the new process, ten consecutive batches of ethanol fermentation and anaerobic digestion at lab scale were carried out. Average ethanol production in the recycling batches was 11.43%(v/v) which was similar to the first batch, where deionized(DI) water was used as process water. The chemical oxygen demand(COD) removal rate reached 98% and the methane yield was 322 ml per gram of COD removed, suggesting an efficient and stable operation of the anaerobic digestion. In conclusion, the application of the new process can contribute to sustainable development of the cassava ethanol industry.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21975163)Bureau of Industry and Information Technology of Shenzhen(No.201901171518)+1 种基金Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(No.KQTD20190929173914967)the support provided by Instrumental Analysis Center of Shenzhen University(Xili Campus)。
文摘Conversion of methane into liquid alcohol such as ethanol at low temperature in a straight,selective and low energy consumption process remains a topic of intense scientific research but a great challenge.In this work,CuFe_(2)O_(4)/CNT composite is successfully synthesized via a facile co-reduction method and used as catalysts to selectively oxidize methane.At a low temperature of 150℃,methane is directly converted to ethanol in a single process on the as-prepared CuFe_(2)O_(4)/CNT composite with high selectivity.A mechanism is also proposed for the significant methane selective oxidation performance of the CuFe_(2)O_(4)/CNT composite catalysts.
文摘The synthesis of diethoxy methane was studied using ethanol and formaldehyde as the raw materials and toluene-p-sulfonic acid as the catalyst.It was found that when the mole ratio of ethanol to formaldehyde was 3.97∶[KG-*3/5]1,the mole ratio of toluene-p-sulfonic acid to the total raw materials 7%,the reaction temperature 25 ℃,the stirring speed 70 r/min and the reaction time 10 min,the yield of DEM was about 90.4%.Under the above reaction conditions,the yield was about 62.3% using HCl as the catalyst,and the amount of water in the product was higher and the waste acid in the continuous reaction would pollute the environment.In(addition) toluene-p-sulfonic acid can be used repeatedly.Therefore,this synthesis method is useful the practical production of diethoxy methane.
