The Status Quo, Opportunity and Approach——the Development of Ethnic Minorities in the Context of the Belt and Road Initiative

Currently, China is advancing the Belt and Road Initiative, which creates a new opportunity of historical significance and provides guidance for the economic and social development of ethnic minority communities(particularly those in western China). Under the new historical conditions, it is necessary to innovate and improve China's regional aid policies and regional development strategies such as the "pairing assistance" and the Western Development, and organically combine them with the Belt and Road Initiative. In the meantime, China should revolve tightly around the internal and external "connectivity," and give full play to the functions of the "pairing assistance" policy and the "Western Development" strategy in a bid to boost the ethnic development of contemporary China within the framework of the Belt and Road Initiative.

Study on the Influence of Informal institution on Rural Legal Construction in Northwest Ethnic Minority Region

The Informal institution in Northwest Ethnic Minority Region has dual effects on rural legal construction. In the process of rural legal construction,it can make up for the defects of formal institution to reduce the cost of legal construction,and increase benefit. It also has negative influence on social function,and can't be conducive to the social stability,development and harmony. Civil law is to be more valued,thus avoiding and hampering the implementation of national laws and even covering the operation of national laws,so it is impossible to achieve rule of law. The coordinated development of Informal institution and socio-economic development in Northwest Ethnic Minority Region will contribute to stable and harmonious social development in Northwest Region.

Development in China's Ethnic Minority Regions:Progress, Inadequacies and Solutions

Since the dawn of the new era, significant progress has been made in the economic, political, cultural, social and ecological development of China's ethnic minority regions under the strategy to "build a moderately prosperous society in all respects,deepen reform, implement the rule of law, and strengthen Party discipline." Nevertheless,in order to fully satisfy the growing needs of people in ethnic minority regions, China must continuously promote endogenous development, rural income growth, skills training,urbanization, poverty reduction effectiveness, social governance and the common values of the Chinese nation, and address the issues related to imbalanced and insufficient development. In light of China's goal to complete the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects for people of all ethnic groups and regions, this paper raises policy recommendations to enhance skills training and vocational education, promote fair access to basic public services, enhance targeted poverty reduction in deeply poor regions, create a public cultural service system involving diverse stakeholders, increase the fairness of ethnic policy for people of different ethnic groups and regions, and balance the relationship between ecological protection and economic development in ethnic minority regions.

Regional Autonomy of China's Ethnic Minorities

The aggregate population of ethnic minorities has never accounted for more than 9 percent of China’s total, currently approaching 1.3 billion. Yet their development and prosperity have always been high on the agenda of the leaders of the People’s Republic. One of the first things Chinese leaders did after New China was founded in 1949 was to conduct large-scale studies to identify the country’s ethnic groups and name them properly, based on scientific

Protection and Utilization of Cultural Landscape in a Forest Park in Ethnic Minority Region ——With a Case of Zhangjiajie

Presently, more and more attention is paid to cultural landscapes by peo-ple at travel ing, especial y for folk culture in ethnic minority regions where rich hu-man landscapes could be ful y made use of to improve landscape quality. In the research, cultural landscapes in Zhangjiajie National Forest Park were surveyed and evaluated to analyze characters of cultural utilization, as wel as problems existing in the Park. In addition, highlights were given to protection on cultural landscapes in a forest park construction, presentation of ethnic minority culture, and ful development of tourism products.

Spatial differentiation pattern of interregional migration in ethnic minority areas of Yunnan Province, China

Interregional migration has broad and far-reaching impacts on regional urbanization process in ethnic minority areas of Southwest China.The previous literature of interregional migration paid less attention on the ethnic minority areas with fragile geographical feature and marginal socio-economic context in the developing world due to the dearth of reliable data.Based on the 2015 national 1%population sampling survey at the village/community scale,taking Yulong Naxi Autonomous County,Yunnan Province,China as the case study,this paper analyzed the spatial differentiation pattern.The results showed that:(1)migration in Yulong Naxi Autonomous County exhibited obvious spatial differentiation characteristics in terms of population aggregation,population loss,migration direction,and migration activity;(2)the overall spatial differentiation of migration exhibited a"layer+sector"pattern in Yulong Naxi Autonomous County:the first layer was active areas with net inflows(<20 km from the seat of the county government),the second layer was inactive areas(within 20–60 km of the seat of the county government),and the third layer was a mixed"layer+sector"zone(>60 km to the seat of the county government),comprised of inactive areas and active areas with net outflows;(3)the spatial differentiation pattern of migration was highly correlated with the regional contexts including the regional economic development,regional transportation accessibility and regional social development,while regional physical geographical factors had insignificant relationships with the migration pattern.

脱贫民族地区韧性乡村建设:逻辑、测度与进路

基于脱贫民族地区乡村社会所处的战略意境、风险环境和问题情境,以生计韧性、产业韧性、生态韧性、文化韧性、组织韧性五大要素构建韧性乡村评价体系,并运用熵值法、多因素综合评价法对2011—2020年大湘西地区韧性乡村建设水平进行综合测度。研究发现:样本地区韧性乡村建设水平持续提升并呈现阶段性特征,“十三五”时期提升幅度较为显著;各维度韧性贡献力呈不均衡发展趋势且建设水平差异明显,文化韧性、生计韧性和产业韧性是推动韧性乡村建设水平持续提升的主要动力源泉;空间分异特征显著,总体呈现出以“芷江侗族自治县-中方县-溆浦县”一线为分界线且南高北低的空间分布格局。脱贫民族地区应厚植内生性韧性治理理念,构筑高质量韧性乡村要素体系,完善多元化韧性乡村系统功能,打造一体化韧性乡村空间协同机制,促进韧性乡村建设向更高层次、更高水平和更高质量迈进。

延安解放区西南少数民族文学研究

延安解放区是中国共产党带领中华民族走向团结与解放的重要基石,它从政治建设、经济发展、文化教育、民族政策等方面构筑起了中华民族的共同家园。在团结御辱、共克时艰的民族解放激流中,少数民族作家纷纷投奔革命圣地延安,究其原因,既有民族解放的诉求,又有个人理想的探寻,也有成长环境的熏陶,他们的文学叙事丰富了延安解放区文学的同一性与多元化。延安解放区西南少数民族文学将时代共振与边地异动的主题相结合,呈现出了延安文艺与西南边陲艺术风格的交融,在语言形式上体现了集体诗学与个体审美的相互关联。通过探究延安解放区西南少数民族作家的文学创作,有利于加深西南边地与中原内陆地区的联结,彰显各民族在共同奋斗中铸就的深厚情感与文化记忆,为当下铸牢中华民族共同体意识增添丰厚的精神内涵。

少数民族地区非遗保护的地方立法研究(一)——必要性与可行性

少数民族地区的非物质文化遗产不仅是民族历史文化和精神特质传承的载体,也是开发文旅产业的宝贵资源。《中华人民共和国非物质文化遗产法》的颁布,为少数民族地区非遗的保护传承和开发利用提供了制度指引,而少数民族非遗保护与传承所面临的困难、少数民族非遗的多样性和差异性特征以及少数民族地区对非遗进行开发利用的期望则彰显了在国家非遗法框架下以少数民族地区自治立法推进非遗工作的必然性。这样的立法具有上位法的制度空间、也有大量先行实践的立法先例、更有非遗保护的实践经验作为参考,具有切实的可行性。

我国民族八省区旅游发展与区域韧性耦合协调关系研究

文章以2010-2020年我国民族八省区经济、社会、生态、旅游的相关指标数据建立旅游发展与区域韧性综合评价体系,利用耦合协调度模型分析了民族八省区旅游发展与区域韧性的耦合协调关系,并利用障碍度模型探索了影响其耦合协调发展的障碍因子。研究结果表明:(1)民族八省区旅游发展水平逐年上升,各省区旅游发展综合值大致相近,且均在2019年达到峰值;(2)民族八省区的经济韧性、社会韧性、生态韧性逐年上升,且社会韧性增长速度高于经济韧性和生态韧性;(3)民族八省区旅游发展与经济韧性、社会韧性、生态韧性的耦合协调度整体呈上升趋势,经济韧性和社会韧性是旅游与区域韧性耦合协调发展的主要障碍。基于此,我国民族八省区应积极发展第三产业、优化和调整产业结构,大力发展社会经济、努力提高就业率,积极推动绿色产业和绿色经济发展、加强环保建设,依托自身地质资源和环境优势努力发展旅游产业、打造完整的旅游产业链。

《新夷族》中西南少数民族知识分子对中华民族观念的自觉书写

近代以来,中华民族在应对外敌入侵、生死存亡的关键时刻,以《新夷族》为代表的近代报刊的创立,为构建中华民族认同,唤起西南少数民族同胞的国家意识起到了积极作用。《新夷族》是近代首份、也是唯一以民国时期少数民族族称命名的刊物,该刊物由西南民族知识分子自主创办,虽然仅刊行两期,但其篇章内容却紧紧围绕“中华民族观念”“中华民族自身之意识”“统一的中华民族国家”等主题展开。这揭示出西南民族知识分子如何理解中华民族的概念内涵,西南各民族与中华民族整体之间的内在关系,以及怎样发掘和运用自身特有的地方性知识,以议论文、诗歌、散文等不同文体形式阐述、宣传“中华民族”等新兴观念,以此构建一个“新”的具有现代民族国家意识的群体。系统研究《新夷族》将有助于学界深入探讨民国时期西南少数民族知识分子的中华民族意识自觉过程,及其在西南各民族中传播中华民族知识的历史作用。

西南少数民族边棱音管乐器定名习惯探讨

一套逻辑严密、指向明确、标准统一的乐器定名原则对于少数民族乐器研究具有至关重要的意义。西南少数民族边棱音管乐器的定名习惯,主要可以分为民间习俗定名、专有名词定名、民族语言释义定名三大类。其中,专有名词定名类中又包含语言昵称类、演奏方式类、乐器形制类。总体上看,西南少数民族边棱音管乐器的定名习惯呈现出多样化的特点。作者根据田野实践,总结乐器定名习惯与分类结果,对方言语调与演奏方式对乐器称谓的影响进行阐释,认为西南少数民族边棱音管乐器定名习惯具有随意性较强的特点。

职业教育助力乡村文化振兴的路径研究——以贵州民族地区乡村为例

职业教育的类型特性决定了其与乡村文化振兴是耦合共生、互融互促的关系,服务乡村文化振兴是职业教育的关键责任。文章分析了乡村文化振兴相关概念的内涵与外延,梳理了职业教育与乡村文化振兴的内在逻辑与联系,剖析了当前面临的现实困境,以贵州民族地区乡村为例,提出职业教育助力乡村文化振兴的路径,为我国乡村文化振兴提供基于职业教育视角的有益参考和启示。

边疆民族地区高校民族团结教育优化研究——以广西壮族自治区为例

优化边疆民族地区高校民族团结教育是落实“立德树人”根本任务,助推边疆民族地区稳定发展,筑牢国家意识形态安全的重要方式,具有十分重要的意义。广西壮族自治区属于边疆民族地区,该地的高校民族团结教育虽取得了一定的成效,但仍存在一些不足:部分高校民族团结教育体制机制有待加强、师资力量有待加强,教学方式具有单一性。优化边疆民族地区高校民族团结教育必须以加强高校民族团结教育体制机制建设为保障,以加强高校师资队伍建设为抓手,以高校民族团结教育课程改革创新为关键,增强边疆民族地区高校民族团结教育的功能性,进而实现边疆民族地区高校民族团结教育的创新性发展。

Lessons on malaria control in the ethnic minority regions in Northern Myanmar along the China border, 2007–2014

Background:For many countries where malaria is endemic,the burden of malaria is high in border regions.In ethnic minority areas along the Myanmar-China border,residents have poor access to medical care for diagnosis and treatment,and there have been many malaria outbreaks in such areas.Since 2007,with the support of the Global Fund to Fight AIDS,Tuberculosis and Malaria(GFATM),a malaria control project was introduced to reduce the malaria burden in several ethnic minority regions.Methods:A malaria control network was established during the period from 2007 to 2014.Multiple malaria interventions,including diagnosis,treatment,distribution of LLINs and health education,were conducted to improve the accessibility and quality of malaria control services for local residents.Annual cross-sectional surveys were conducted to evaluate intervention coverage and indicators of malaria transmission.Results:In ethnic minority regions where a malaria control network was established,both the annual malaria incidence(19.1 per thousand per year,in 2009;8.7,in 2014)and malaria prevalence(13.6%in 2008;0.43%in 2014)decreased dramatically during the past 5–6 years.A total of 851393 febrile patients were detected,202598 malaria cases(including confirmed cases and suspected cases)were treated,and 759574 LLINs were delivered to populations at risk.Of households in 2012,73.9%had at least one ITNs/LLINs(vs.28.3%,in 2008),and 50.7%of children less than 5 years and 50.3%of pregnant women slept under LLINs the night prior to their visit.Additionally,malaria knowledge was improved in 68.4%of residents.Conclusion:There has been great success in improving malaria control in these regions from 2007 to 2014.Malaria burdens have decreased,especially in KOK and WA.The continued maintenance of sustainable malaria control networks in these regions may be a long-term process,due to regional conflicts and the lack of funds,technology,and health workers.Furthermore,information and scientific support from the international community should be offered to these ethnic minority regions to uphold recent achievements.

民族地区基础教育高质量发展:时代内涵与模式构建

实现民族地区基础教育高质量发展,是我国目前持续追求的教育目标和行动战略。当前我国民族地区基础教育主要存在教育主体发展面临严重挑战、教育资源配置相对缺乏公平等现实问题。为厘清我国民族地区基础教育高质量发展的时代内涵,在教育主体之维上应追求更专业、更全面、更有活力的发展,在教育资源之维上应实现更为优质、均衡、公平的配置,在教育环境之维上应谋求更民族、更本土、更关怀的氛围,在教育文化之维上应保持更开放、更多元、更自信的格局。推动民族地区基础教育高质量发展,需要构建强主体、强资源、强环境及强文化的“四位一体”高质量发展模式,并加强教育规范治理、构建帮扶机制,以及提升发展的可持续性。

民族地区乡村旅游驱动乡村振兴内在机理与实现路径

乡村旅游是驱动乡村振兴的重要抓手。民族地区乡村旅游资源丰富,开发潜力较大,旅游市场需求旺盛,借助乡村旅游驱动民族地区乡村振兴是当前工作中的重中之重。本文首先探讨乡村旅游驱动乡村振兴的内在机理,深挖乡村旅游与乡村振兴之间的逻辑关系,为理解民族地区乡村旅游在乡村振兴中发挥的作用提供新视角。其次,指出乡村旅游在驱动乡村振兴面临的困境,主要包括:乡村旅游商业化趋势明显、乡村旅游开发不注重生态保护、乡村旅游品牌效应不突出、旅游业从而人员队伍文化素质不高等。基于此,本文提出注重发挥区域特色,挖掘关键元素价值;保护生态环境,筑牢旅游发展根基;构建乡村旅游品牌,提升旅游效益;加强旅游从业人员培训,提升旅游服务水平等,以提升民族地区乡村旅游驱动乡村振兴实施效果,加快推进乡村振兴战略目标的实现。

民族地区高校基础音乐教育中的民族文化探析——以兴义民族师范学院音乐教育为例

黔西南州少数民族文化资源丰富,现有非物质文化遗产5000余项,其中音乐舞蹈类国家级非物质文化遗产8项。如何传承和发扬这些优秀的少数民族音乐文化,不仅是非遗工作者需要思考的问题,更应引起音乐教育者的足够关注。民族地区师范类院校以培养地方优秀的基础教育阶段教师为宗旨,在高校基础音乐教育相关科目中融入少数民族音乐文化教学及民族文化自信等观念,打造地区特色教育,既是为地区未来的基础音乐教育民族特色发展奠定基础,也为民族音乐文化的年轻态、活态传承找到更为适合的发展路径。

逆城镇化视角:少数民族美丽乡村建设的困境与对策——基于浙闽两省的调查分析

乡村是多种功能聚集的地域综合体。对浙闽地区少数民族美丽乡村建设进行的调查分析显示,村庄规划存在关键功能缺失的问题,其造成的困境成为少数民族美丽乡村发展的掣肘。在新阶段,以逆城镇化视角,基于浙闽地区少数民族乡村的实际情况,可通过厘清逆城镇化对美丽乡村功能重塑的作用,探索构建乡村功能系统化有机整体,以激发美丽乡村活力,从而推动浙闽地区少数民族美丽乡村功能重塑,加快推进浙闽地区少数民族美丽乡村建设进程,助力少数民族乡村振兴。

论《民族区域自治法》的“法律责任”

《民族区域自治法》没有规定“法律责任”条款并不意味着这部法律内容不完整,没有责任追究依据,无法实施或者实施效果不好;作为与《民法典》《刑法》等“条件模式”的法律不同的“目的模式”的法律,这部法律主要依靠低位阶的立法机关和行政机关通过配套立法、配套政策和措施加以实施,而无法依赖法院的司法裁判加以实施;其“法律责任”内容隐含在备案审查、公职人员惩戒等相关法律之中。