Breaking Through Ethnocentrism Downside in International Communication

Ethnocentrism exists in all cultures and everyone is ethnocentric to some extent.People always tend to hold a stand on the side of their own cultural beliefs,values and manners to judge what is correct and what is wrong with regard to the cultures and traditions of other countries.Some feasible ways are given to adjust ethnocentric tendency in people's minds in the future intercultural communication.Besides that,this paper also describes the author's attributions to this study and gives some prospects for the future study to the ethnocentric phenomenon.

A Study of Ethnocentrism and its Dysfunction in Amy Tan's The Joy Luck Club

In Amy Tan's famous novel:The Joy Luck Club,ethnocentrism held by different groups including the mainstream so ciety and minorities is to blame for cultural conflicts.In this article,it gives the theoretical framework by discussing the definition,function and consequences of ethnocentrism.The second chapter probes into Amy Tan'story and gives examples of ethnocen trism held by family members within the minority group and by people around them.It concludes that the ethnocentrism is not limited to history or to some specific country or races.High level of ethnocentrism is dysfunctional,leading to misunderstanding and conflicts with out-group members.It is indicated that cultural relativism is the reasonable method people should adopt when they are involved in intercultural communication.

Ethnocentrism and Language Barrier for Learning Sojourners

As two of the main challenges for students studying abroad,ethnocentrism and language barrier are the most common issues they will probably encounter.The essay will illustrate these two aspects separately.

Probing into the Sino-American Cross-National Marriage Failures:An Intercultural Perspective

With China’s opening to the outside world, Chinese people’s attitude toward marriage has been undergoing great changes. Cross National marriages(CNMs) emerge as a result of economic development, social progress, cultural exchanges and freedom of marriage. However, according to statistics, CNMs are not always successful and satisfactory as they look: the divorce rate is reported to be on the increase. The paper studies several Sino American CNM cases which ended in failure from an intercultural perspective, and on that bases it points out that it is not cultural differences but people’s attitudes toward cultural differences that lead to the breakdown of the CNMs. In this paper, ethnocentrism is specially discussed as a major barrier to successful intercultural communication. And suggestions such as developing empathy, learning about cultural adaptation are offered to improve the quality of the CNMs and the competence of intercultural communication.

Fulbright Foreign Language Teaching Assistants acting as cultural ambassadors on the campus

Many language instructors in colleges and universities around the world have teaching assistants to help them with the teaching. Since 1968, the Fulbright Foreign Language Teaching Assistant （FLTA） program has aimed to strengthen foreign language instruction at U.S. educational institutions by establishing a native speaker presence. As one of the first group of Fulbright Chinese Language Assistants, the author worked at the College of Wooster in the United States from August, 2005 to May, 2006. At the beginning of the paper, the author gave a brief introduction of Fulbright FLTA program. Then the author described five cultural activities that Fulbright FLTAs could employ in foreign language learners＇ learning process： giving presentations, teaching songs, watching movies, organizing free tea or coffee breaks, and holding free talks. The following section discussed two phenomena that FLTAs should avoid, that is, ethnocentrism and cultural stereotyping. The author pointed out in the conclusion that Fulbright language assistants should make efforts to be qualified cultural ambassadors.

Can Fuzzy Logic Predict Consumer Ethnocentric Tendencies？ An Empirical Analysis in Jordan

This paper applies fuzzy logic approach to examine consumer ethnocentrism level for Jordanians based on their socio-psychological variables namely, patriotism, nationalism and internationalism. To model the relationships between three inputs namely, patriotism, nationalism and internationalism and one output ethnocentrism MATLAB ANFIS has been used, utilizing a sample of 341 Jordanians live in Amman city. Results indicate that fuzzy logic model can predict correctly consumers ethnocentric tendencies knowing their patriotic, nationalistic and internationalist feelings. Fuzzy logic approach shows that high level of nationalism leads consumers to be ethnocentric.

Ways to Enhance the Efficiency of International Communication

Ethnocentrism exists in all cultures and everyone is ethnocentric to some extent. People always tend to hold a stand on the side of their own cultural beliefs, values and manners to judge what is correct and what is wrong with regard to the cultures and traditions of other countries. Some feasible ways are given in this paper to adjust ethnocentric tendency in people's minds in the future intercultural communication.

Shifting the paradigm:A critical review of social innovation literature

In this review of ten years of social innovation research(2012e2022),we define and explore three paradigms in the field:instrumentalist,strong,and democratic.We investigate how language usage and geography play a central role in identifying which paradigms recently published scholarship falls into.While we do not insist that sharp divisions exist between each paradigm,we do find that on the“instrumentalist”side,language tends to abstract or neutralize power relations.Further,these perspectives tend to derive from Western or Eurocentric orientations or biases.The“strong”paradigm accepts the necessity of institutional and stakeholder engagement and seeks to engage socially excluded populations.In contrast,geographical diversity,attendance to historicized and systemic inequalities,and elevation of the most marginalized communities are more likely to be centered in the“democratic”paradigm.We apply this discussion to recent research in arts-related social innovation and the related field of social entrepreneurship.

Introduction:Comparative Literature beyond Eurocentrism

This introductory essay discusses the Eurocentrism of Comparative Literature and argues that as an effect of the structures of the modern humanities,thestudy of non-European literatures has been mostly consigned to area studies and not literary studies departments at universities Therefore,despite the efforts to overcome this condition of the field,including the rise of World Literature since the turn of the 21st century,scholarship has reproduced the status quo to the extent that World Literature also remainsa largely Eurocentricproject.We argue that revisionist efforts have so far operated within the European theoretical space and referred toa limited number of languages.The essays collected in the present issue address this problem and propose diverse solutions for overcoming the Eurocentrism of the discipline.