Synthesis of Comblike Poly(methyl methacrylate) by Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization with Poly(ethyl 2-bromoacrylate) as Macroinitiator

Comblike poly(methyl methacrylate) was synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate with poly(ethyl 2-bromoacrylate) as a macroinitiator, which was prepared by conventional free radical polymerization of ethyl 2-bromoacrylate. The obtained comblike polymers were characterized by GPC and 1H NMR.

Solvent-free Mechanochemical and Liquid-phase Reaction of [60]Fullerene with Ethyl 2-Diazopropionate

The solvent-free mechanochemical reaction and the liquid-phase reaction of C60 with ethyl 2-diazopropionate prepared in situ or preformed from alanine ethyl ester hydrochloride and sodium nitrite have been investigated. Methanofullerene 1 and fulleroids 2 and 3 from these reactions were obtained, meanwhile the pyrazoline intermediate was not observed. Fulleroids 2 and 3 can be converted to methanofullerene 1 in refluxing toluene.

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Ethyl 2-(6-(1,3-Dioxo-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-isoindol-2(3H)-yl)-7-fluoro-3-oxo-2H-benzo[b][1,4]oxazin-4(3H)-yl) Butanoate

The title compound ethyl 2-（6-（1,3-dioxo-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-lH-isoindol-2（3H）- yl）-7-fluoro-3-oxo-2H-benzo[b][1,4]oxazin-4（3H）-yl） butanoate 3 was synthesized by the reaction of ethyl 2-（6-amino-7-fluoro-3-oxo-2H-benzo[b][1,4]oxazin-4（3H）-yl） butanoate with 4,5,6,7- tetraydrophthalic anhydride, and its structure was determined by X-ray single-crystal diffraction. The crystal belongs to the monoclinic system, space group P2 1/n with a = 9.3469（2）, b = 16.7715（5）, c = 13.7153（4） A, β= 104.9680（10）°, μ = 0.107 mm^-1, Mr = 430.42, V= 2077.08（10） ,A3, Z= 4, Dc = 1.376 g/cm3, F（000） = 904, T= 296（2） K, R = 0.0508 and wR = 0.1478.

Enantioselective Hydrogenation of Ethyl 2-Oxo-4-phenylbutyrate on Cinchona-Platinum Catalysts

Enantioselective hydrogenation of ethyl 2-oxo-4-phenylbutyrate to ethyl （R）-2-hydroxy-4-phenyl- bu- tyrate on Pt/γ-Al2O3 modified by 10,11-dihydrocinchonidine was studied by investigating the influences of the amount of modifier, initial concentration of reactant, pressure and temperature on conversion and enantiometric excess in a stirred autoclave and the effects of the liquid velocity, gas velocity, modifier concentration and various catalytic beds in a trickle-bed reactor. The maximum optical yields were about 50% and 60% in the two types of reactors, respectively. It was assumed that the total hydrogenation rate included the reaction rates over the unmodified and modified active sites on platinum surface and a kinetic model, which fitted the experimental data well in autoclave, was obtained. A simplified plug-flow model was proposed to describe the bed average efficiency of trickle-bed reactor.

Synthesis of 5-Fluoroalkyl Isoxazolidines via 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition of Ethyl 2-Hydropolyfluoroalk-2- enoates with Nitrones

Dipolar cycloaddition reactions of ethyl 2-hydropolyfluoroalk-2-enoates (1) with some nitrones were de-scribed. The reaction of 3,4-dihydroisoquinoline N-oxide (2) with 1 took place readily in methylene chloride at room temperature to give the corresponding 5-fluoroalkylisoxazolidines regioselectively as a mixture of two di-astereoisomers (trans and cis) in high yields, while longer reaction time and higher temperature were needed in the case of non-cyclic nitrones. Under similar conditions the reaction of quinoline N-oxide (14) with 1 did not give the expected adducts and a ring-opening product was obtained.

［Sn（ethylmaltol）2I2］配合物的合成和晶体结构

由ＳｎＩ４和３－羟基－２－乙基－４（Ｈ）－吡喃酮（ｅｔｈｙｌｍａｌｔｏｌ）合成Ｓｎ（Ｌ）２Ｉ２型配合物，并进行了元素分析、ＵＶ、ＩＲ和ＭＳ表征．Ｘ射线单晶结构分析表明，该晶体属单斜晶系，空间群Ｐ２１／ｎ，ａ＝０．７６５８（１）ｕｍ，ｂ＝２．５３６４（４）ｕｍ，ｃ＝１．１５００（２）ｕｍ，β＝９５．１７°，Ｚ＝４，Ｖ＝２．２２４６（６）ｕｍ３，Ｄｃ＝２．０６６ｍｇ／ｍ３．收集到独立衍射点５０８８个，其中３９１３个为可观测点，最终一致化因子Ｒ＝０．０４４８．结构分析表明Ｓｎ处于两个３－羟基－２－乙基－４（Ｈ）－吡喃酮的４个氧原子和２个碘原子的畸变的八面体配位构型中．

Decontamination of 2-Chloroethyl Ethyl Sulfide by Pulsed Corona Plasma

Decontamination of 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide （2-CEES, CH_3CH_2SCH_2CH_2C1） by pulsed corona plasma was investigated. The results show that 212.6 mg/m^3 of 2-CEES, with the gas flow rate of 2 m^3/h, can be decontaminated to 0.09 mg/m^3. According to the variation of the inlet and outlet concentration of 2-CEES vapor with retention time, it is found that the reaction of 2-CEES in a pulsed corona plasma system follows the first order reaction, with the reaction rate constant of 0.463 s^-1. The decontamination mechanism is discussed based on an analysis of the dissociation energy of chemical bonds and decontamination products. The C-S bond adjacent to the C1 atom will be destroyed firstly to form CH3CH2S. and .CH2CH2C1 radicals. CH3CH2S. can be decomposed to .C_2H_5 and .S..S can be oxidized to SO_2, while .C_2H_5 can be finally oxidized to CO_2 and H_2O. The C-Cl bond in the .CH_2CH_2C1 radical can be destroyed to form .CH_2CH_2. and .C1, which can be mineralized to CO_2, H_2O and HCl. The H atom in the .CH_2CH_2C1 radical can also be substituted by -C1 to form CHCl_2-CHCl_2.

Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Antitumor Activities of N-(2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl)-2-nitroaniline

The title compound, N-(2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl)-2-nitroaniline(C16H15N3O2, Mr = 281.31), has been synthesized by the multicomponent reaction of milder Ullmann, and its structure was characterized by 1H NMR, 13 C NMR, IR, H RMS(ESI) and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. It crystallizes in monoclinic, space group I2/c with a = 15.0212(10), b = 9.4911(6), c = 20.3075(13) A, β = 100.776(7)o, V = 2844.1(3)A3, Z = 8, Dc = 1.314 g/cm3, F(000) = 1184.0, μ = 0.089 mm-1, the final R = 0.0574 and w R = 0.1688 for 1701 observed reflections(I 】 2σ(I)). X-ray analysis indicates three major N(2)–H(2)···O(2), C(13)–H(13)···O(2), N(2)–H(2)···N(3) hydrogen bonds and π-π stacking interactions in the crystal structure. The preliminary biological test shows that the title compound has a good antitumor activity against A549 in vitro with the IC50 value of 35 μmol/L.

2-Ethyl-9,10-anthraquinone assisted sol–gel synthesis of Pd/γ-Al2O3 nanorods with enhanced catalytic performance in 2-ethyl-9,10-anthraquinone hydrogenation

A series of nanorod-like porous Pd/γ-Al2 O3 catalysts with controllable textural properties and enhanced catalytic performance in 2-ethyl-9,10-anthraquinone(eAQ) hydrogenation for H2 O2 preparation were successfully prepared via a facile sol-gel method using aluminum isopropoxide as aluminum precursor and eAQ as structure directing agent,sequential calcination and impregnation process with Na2 PdCl4 solution.The physicochemical properties of the catalysts obtained with different addition amounts of eAQ.were comparatively characterized by XRD,TG-DSC,BET,TEM,CO-TPR,H2-TPR and H2-O2 titration.The results show that addition of eAQ can not only effectively control the textural properties(surface area,pore volume and average pore size) of the catalysts,but also lower their reduction temperature of active metal.Importantly,the catalyst obtained with an addition amount of 4 wt% eAQ shows the highest hydrogenation efficiency of 10.28 g·L^-1,which is 37.3% higher than 7.49 g·L^-1 of the catalyst obtained without eAQ.

枯草芽孢杆菌PW2挥发性产物对黄曲霉的抑制作用

为探寻安全、高效的黄曲霉新型抑制物,采用顶空固相微萃取-气质联用(HS-SPME-GC-MS)技术对枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)PW2所产具有抗霉活性的挥发性有机化合物(volatile organic compounds,VOCs)进行了成分鉴定,并利用平板对扣法从鉴定出的成分中筛选具有强抗霉活性的目标化合物,通过平板对扣法和96孔板梯度稀释法测定目标化合物对黄曲霉的最小抑菌体积分数(MIC),使用黄曲霉毒素B_(1)(aflatoxin B_(1),AFB_(1))ELISA检测试剂盒分析了目标化合物对黄曲霉产AFB_(1)的抑制作用,使用扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscope,SEM)观察受试黄曲霉孢子形态的变化和采用分光光度法测定受试黄曲霉细胞膜麦角甾醇相对含量,以探讨抗霉机理。结果显示,从PW2所产VOCs中共鉴定出41种组分,并从中筛选出异辛醇为目标化合物;平板对扣法和96孔板梯度稀释法测得异辛醇对黄曲霉的MIC分别为0.169μL/mL和6.25μL/mL;PDB培养基中异辛醇体积分数分别为3.13、6.25、12.50μL/mL时,均能有效抑制AFB_(1)的产生,且随异辛醇体积分数的升高,抑制效果增强;异辛醇处理可导致黄曲霉孢子表面凹陷和孢子破裂,并且影响细胞膜中麦角甾醇的相对含量,造成细胞膜受损。该研究可为开发以异辛醇为功能成分的黄曲霉抑制剂提供理论参考。

Electronic and steric factors for enhanced selective synthesis of 2‐ethyl‐1‐hexanol in the Ir‐complex‐catalyzed Guerbet reaction of 1‐butanol

1‐Butanol is a potential bio‐based fermentation product obtained from cellulosic biomass.As a value‐added chemical,2‐ethyl‐1‐hexanol(2‐EH)can be produced by Guerbet conversion from 1‐butanol.This work reports the enhanced catalytic Guerbet reaction of 1‐butanol to 2‐EH by a series of Cp^(*)Ir complexes(Cp^(*):1,2,3,4,5‐pentamethylcyclopenta‐1,3‐diene)coordinated to bipyridine‐type ligands bearing an ortho‐hydroxypyridine group with an electron‐donating group and a Cl−anion.The catalytic activity of the Cp^(*)Ir complex increased by increasing the electron density of the bipyridine ligand when functionalized with the para‐NMe2 and ortho‐hydroxypyridine groups.A record turnover number of 14047 was attained.A mechanistic study indicated that the steric effect of the ethyl group on theα‐C of 2‐ethylhexanal(2‐EHA)and the conjugation effect of C=C–C=O in 2‐ethylhex‐2‐enal(2‐EEA)benefits the high selectivity of 2‐EH from 1‐butanol by inhibiting the cross‐aldol reaction of 2‐EHA and 2‐EEA with butyraldehyde.Nuclear magnetic resonance study revealed the formation of a carbonyl group in the bipyridine‐type ligand via the reaction of the Cp^(*)Ir complex with KOH.

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a Novel Ethyl 5-(4-(2-Phenylacetamido)phenyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate as an Acrosin Inhibitor

The title compound （ethyl5-（4-（2-phenylacetamido）phenyl）-lH-pyrazole-3-carboxylate, C20H19N3O3） was synthesized by the reaction of Claisen condensation, cyclization, reduction and acylation. The structure was characterized by X-ray diffraction, MS, NMR and IR. It belongs to the monoclinic system, space group C2/c with a = 22.723（9）, b = 9.324（4）, c = 18.890（8） A, β = 114.259（6）°, V = 3649（3） A^3, Dc = 1.272 Mg·m^3, Z = 8, Mr = 349.38, p = 0.087 mm^-1, F（000） = 1472, the final R = 0.0615 and wR = 0.1643. The biological test shows that the title compound has a moderate acrosin inhibition activity.

Catalytic conversion of ethyl lactate to 1,2-propanediol over CuO

An efficient conversion of biomass-derived ethyl lactate to 1,2-propanediol(1,2-PDO) over CuO was investigated.Among the catalysts we tested, CuO, Cu2 O and Co showed excellent catalytic activity for the conversion of ethyl lactate to 1,2-PDO in water, and CuO was more active and gave the best result. The 1,2-PDO yield of 93.6% was achieved when Zn acted as a reductant. The results indicated that in situ formed hydrogen by the oxidation of Zn in water is more effective than gaseous hydrogen, which failed to produce the 1,2-PDO from ethyl lactate.From a practical point of view, the present method may provide a useful route for the production of 1,2-PDO from ethyl lactate.

Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Inhibition of N-2-Thiophenesulfonyl-α-L-phenylalanine Ethyl Ester on K562 Cell Proliferation

The title compound N-2-thiophenesulfonyl-a-L-phenylalanine ethyl ester has been synthesized. Complete assignments were achieved by IR, MS, ^1H NMR and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. Using MTT assay, the inhibitory rate of the title compound on K562 cells （chronic myeloid leukemic cells） was measured and the result of preliminary bioassay showed that the title compound possesses antiproliferation effects on K562 cells. In order to investigate the relationship between structure and activity of the target compound, we report its crystal structure and biological behavior in the present paper. Crystallographic data： C15H17NO4S2, Mr = 339.42, monoclinic, space group P21, flack = -0.15（12）, a = 5.7916（10）, b = 11.5078（19）, c = 12.924（2） A, β = 97.781（3）°, Z = 2, V = 853.4（2） A^3, De = 1.321 g/cm^3, F（000） = 356, -7≤h≤7, -10≤k≤14, -15 ≤ l≤15, R = 0.0628, wR = 0.1540 and μ（MoKa） = 0.327 mm^-1. The molecule comprises a benzene and a thiofuran rings, and the intramolecular N（1）-H（1A）…O（1） makes a five-membered ring of O（1）--C（6）-C（5）--N（1）--H（1A）.

Synthesis, Bioactivity, and Crystal Structure Analysis of 2-(3-Oxobenzo[d]isothiazol-2(3H)-yl)ethyl Benzoates

Fifteen novel 2-（3-oxobenzo[d]isothiazol-2（3H）-yl）ethyl benzoates were synthesi- zed by the condensation of 2-（2-hydroxyethyl）benzo[d]isothiazol-3（2H）-one with substituted benzoic acids in dichloromethane. All the compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, ESI-MS and 1H NMR. The crystal structures for 2-（2-hydroxyethyl）benzo[d]isothiazol-3（2H）-one （2） and 2-（3-oxobenzo[d]isothiazol-2（3H）-yl）ethyl 2-methoxybenzoate （30） have been determined by X-ray crystal structure analysis. Compound 2 （C9H9NO2S） crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group Pn with a = 10.552（3）, b = 7.849（2）, c = 10.765（4） A, β = 103.128（4）°, V= 868.3（5） A3, Mr = 195.24, Dc = 1.493 Mg.m-3, μ = 0.33 mm-1, F（000） = 408, Z = 4, R= 0.0314 and wR= 0.0628. Compound 30 （C17H15NO4S） crystallizes in the triclinic system, space group P1 with a = 8.028（2）, b = 9.300（2）, c = 10.430（3）A, V= 752.1（3）A3, Mr = 329.36, D,= 1.454 Mg.m-3, p = 0.24 mm-1, F（000） = 344, Z = 2, R = 0.0377 and wR = 0.0904. The preliminary biological test indicated that the title compounds show better growth inhibitory activity against the gram-positive bacteria than the gram-negative bacteria.

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Tri(4-(3-hydroxy2-ethyl-4-pyridinone-1-yl)-aniline Condensation Salicylaldehydato) Monohydratotricopper(II)Dimethylformamide Monohydrate Solvate

The title complex [Cu3L3(H2O)]DMFH2O (H2L = 4-(3-hydroxy-2-ethyl-4- pyridinone-1-yl)-aniline condensation salicylaldehyde) was obtained. The single-crystal X-ray study shows that it is a trinuclear compound [Cu3(C20H15N2O3)3(H2O)]DMFH2O. The coordi- nation sphere about each copper ion in the complex consists of two oxygen atoms from hydroxylpyridinone moiety of one ligand and one oxygen and one nitrogen atoms from salicyladehyde Schiff-base moiety of another ligand arranged in a slightly distorted square planar geometry. Among the three copper ions, one (Cu(2)) is coordinated by the other oxygen atom of water molecule on the fifth coordinate position to form a distorted square pyramid geometry. The crystal is of monoclinic, space group P21/c with a = 12.9202(5), b = 27.197(1), c = 17.0116(7) ? b = 100.588(1), V = 5875.9(4) 3, Z = 4, C63H57N7O12Cu3, Mr = 1294.78, Dc = 1.464 g/cm3, m = 1.146 mm-1, F(000) = 2668, R = 0.0784 and wR = 0.1546 for 6926 observed reflections with I > 2s(I). The differences of coordinate bond lengths are observed between anhydrous and hydrous units: in the former unit, the average bond lengths are 1.978 ?for CuN (azomethine), 1.883 ?for CuO (phenolic) in Schiff-base moiety, 1.959 ?for CuO (keto), and 1.919 ?for CuO (hydroxy) in hydroxypyridinone moiety; while those in the latter are longer with the following corresponding values: 1.985(5), 1.908(5), 1.993(5) and 1.919(4) ? respectively. The Cu(2)O (water) bond length is 2.375(6) ?

Effects of Ethyl Pyruvate on Myocardial Apoptosis and Expression of Bcl-2 and Bax Proteins after Ischemia-reperfusion in Rats

In order to study the effects of ethyl pyruvate on cardiomyocyte apoptosis following ischemia/reperfusion （I/R） in vitro and the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins, isolated rat hearts were perfused in a Langendorff model. Twenty-four rats were randomly divided into 3 groups （n=8 in each group）： control group was perfused for 120 min. In the I/R group, after 30 min stabilization the injury was induced by 30 min global ischemia followed by 60 min reperfusion. Ethyl pyruvate （EP） group was set up with the same protocol as I/R group except that it was supplied with 2 mmol/L EP 15 rain before ischemia and throughout reperfusion. Myocardial malonaldehyde （MDA） content was measured. Myocardial apoptotic index （AI） was tested by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labeling （TUNEL） method. The expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and pro-apoptotic protein Bax in cardiac myocytes was detected by immunohistochemistry. As compared with control group, the content of MDA, myocardial AI and the expression of Bcl-2, Bax proteins were increased significantly in I/R group, but the content of MDA, myocardial AI and the expression of Bax protein were decreased obviously and the expression of Bcl-2 protein was up-regulated in EP group （P〈0.05）. These results demonstrate that EP could inhibit apoptosis of cardiac myocytes possibly via alleviating oxidative stress, up-regulating Bcl-2 and down-regulating Bax proteins.

MECHANISM-TRANSFORMATION SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF POLY(STYRENE-b-2-ETHYL-2-OXAZOLINE) DIBLOCK COPOLYMER

By mechanism-transformation (anionic --> cationic) poly(styrene-6-2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) diblock copolymer, PS-b-PEOx, was synthesized in two steps. The first step is the polymerization of styrene block capped with ethylene oxide and its tosylation; the second step is the cationic ring-opening polymerization of 2-ethyl-2-oxazoline. The products were thoroughly characterized by various methods, such as H-1-NMR, IR, DMA, TEM and SAXS. The results show that the copolymer obtained possesses high molecular weight and narrow molecular weight distribution.