Ag_(2)O-NiTi-LDH复合材料的构建及其光催化氧化乙硫醇性能研究

本文将氧化银(Ag_(2)O)负载到镍-钛层状双金属氢氧化物(NiTi-LDH)上以构建Ag_(2)O-NiTi-LDH复合材料。通过XRD、SEM、TEM、XPS、UV-vis、电化学工作站和FT-IR等技术对样品进行表征。采用静态吸附-光催化的方法对乙硫醇进行吸附氧化降解。结果表明:复合材料中Ag_(2)O和NiTi-LDH之间存在相互作用,使得Ag_(2)O-NiTi-LDH复合材料比单一基体材料的带隙能小,光生电子-空穴的分离和迁移效率高;在光催化实验中,单一的基体材料NiTi-LDH对乙硫醇的光催化效果不明显,Ag_(2)O和Ag_(2)O-NiTi-LDH虽然都能将乙硫醇光催化氧化成硫酸盐,但Ag_(2)O-NiTi-LDH复合材料光催化氧化降解效率高于Ag_(2)O。

Al_(2)(SO_(4))_(3)催化热解油转化生产酯类燃料

酸类、糖类等不稳定组分的存在是制约热解油直接用作生物燃料的主要因素。为了解决此问题,提出采用Al_(2)(SO_(4))_(3)催化剂将这些不稳定成分酯化为燃料类化合物的途径。首先,分别以单模型化合物左旋葡萄糖或乙酸为原料,考察各种金属硫酸盐催化其转化制备乙酰丙酸乙酯或乙酸乙酯的能力,筛选出催化性能最好的催化剂;其次,以左旋葡萄糖和乙酸的模型混合物为原料,探究Al_(2)(SO_(4))_(3)催化同时转化制备酯类的最佳反应条件;最后,以真实热解油为原料,验证Al_(2)(SO_(4))_(3)在最佳反应条件下催化酯化的可行性。结果表明,酯化后热解油中大部分酸、糖、醛消失,同时产生大量的酯和缩醛,酯类和缩醛类占改性热解油总色谱面积的39.5%。Al_(2)(SO_(4))_(3)能有效将热解油中的酸类、糖类等不稳定组分酯化为燃料类化合物,可为热解油转化制备生物燃料提供借鉴。

枯草芽孢杆菌PW2挥发性产物对黄曲霉的抑制作用

为探寻安全、高效的黄曲霉新型抑制物,采用顶空固相微萃取-气质联用(HS-SPME-GC-MS)技术对枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)PW2所产具有抗霉活性的挥发性有机化合物(volatile organic compounds,VOCs)进行了成分鉴定,并利用平板对扣法从鉴定出的成分中筛选具有强抗霉活性的目标化合物,通过平板对扣法和96孔板梯度稀释法测定目标化合物对黄曲霉的最小抑菌体积分数(MIC),使用黄曲霉毒素B_(1)(aflatoxin B_(1),AFB_(1))ELISA检测试剂盒分析了目标化合物对黄曲霉产AFB_(1)的抑制作用,使用扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscope,SEM)观察受试黄曲霉孢子形态的变化和采用分光光度法测定受试黄曲霉细胞膜麦角甾醇相对含量,以探讨抗霉机理。结果显示,从PW2所产VOCs中共鉴定出41种组分,并从中筛选出异辛醇为目标化合物;平板对扣法和96孔板梯度稀释法测得异辛醇对黄曲霉的MIC分别为0.169μL/mL和6.25μL/mL;PDB培养基中异辛醇体积分数分别为3.13、6.25、12.50μL/mL时,均能有效抑制AFB_(1)的产生,且随异辛醇体积分数的升高,抑制效果增强;异辛醇处理可导致黄曲霉孢子表面凹陷和孢子破裂,并且影响细胞膜中麦角甾醇的相对含量,造成细胞膜受损。该研究可为开发以异辛醇为功能成分的黄曲霉抑制剂提供理论参考。

稀土修饰对Cu/Al_(2)O_(3)催化乙酰丙酸乙酯加氢性能的影响

生物质催化转化制大宗化学品符合低碳战略的重要研究方向,将纤维素衍生物乙酰丙酸乙酯转化为1,4-戊二醇是最具前景的技术路线之一。非贵金属铜基催化剂在该反应中表现出较好的活性,Cu/Al_(2)O_(3)在160℃、4 MPa H_(2)条件下催化乙酰丙酸乙酯氢解制1,4-戊二醇收率为50.8%,经稀土改性后催化剂的活性和选择性显著提升,其中CuNd0.25/Al_(2)O_(3)催化剂上获得1,4-戊二醇的收率高达92.7%。通过对催化剂性能以及X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、氢气程序升温还原(H_(2)-TPR)、氢气程序升温脱附(NH3-TPD)和CO红外吸附(CO-DRIFT)等表征结果的分析发现,稀土元素的存在不仅改变了Cu活性中心的还原性质、分散度和电子结构,还改变了催化剂表面酸、碱性位点的分布。稀土元素的修饰既促进了催化剂表面反应物的吸附与活化,又抑制了目标产物1,4-戊二醇的脱水副反应,从而提高了活性和选择性。

CeO_(2) 微球负载 Ru 催化氧化乙酸乙酯

利用水热法制备了CeO_(2)微球,并采用沉积沉淀法在CeO_(2)微球表面负载Ru,制备Ru/CeO_(2)微球。通过SEM观察了CeO_(2)微球的外观形貌;利用TEM观测了CeO_(2)微球表面Ru颗粒分布情况;XRD对样品的物相进行了分析;用氮气吸附-解吸比较了微球负载Ru前后比表面积和孔隙分布的变化;XPS测试分析了微球负载Ru前后表面化学结构的变化;通过H2-TPR和O2-TPD表征了微球负载Ru前后催化剂还原性和氧活化能力的变化,并进行了样品催化氧化乙酸乙酯性能的测试。结果表明,Ru/CeO_(2)的结构与CeO_(2)相似,均为介孔材料,其中Ru可以离子态进入CeO_(2)晶格,造成CeO_(2)晶格畸变;Ru/CeO_(2)催化剂呈现出贵金属和二氧化铈的强相互作用,活性氧物种较CeO_(2)增加,储氧释氧能力增强,促进了低温催化氧化乙酸乙酯性能的提升;随着Ru负载量的增加,Ru/CeO_(2)催化氧化乙酸乙酯的性能先提高后逐渐趋于平稳,负载量为1.0%时的样品效果最优,其T90与CeO_(2)的相比降低了28.5℃。

探索性有机化学实验教学——以2-氨基-5-乙基-1,3,4-噻二唑的合成为例

有机化学实验是制药工程专业重要的基础课之一,既是对有机化学理论课的补充,又是学习药学专业课的基础。本文以氨基硫脲和丙醛为原料,通过改变溶剂、氧化剂种类、反应温度、反应时间及反应物投料比筛选出最优反应条件,从而提高2-氨基-5-乙基-1,3,4-噻二唑的产率。通过本次实验,不仅有利于学生巩固理论知识,提高实验动手能力,培养学生热爱化学,热爱科研,激发探索性思维具有重要的作用。

Synthesis and Antitumor Activity of 3-[2-(4-Hydroxy-Phenyl)-Ethyl]-Benzo[d] Isoxazole-4,6-Diol

A new phloretin derivative 1 3-[2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-benzo[d] isoxazole-4,6-diol (yield 63%) was synthesized from phloretin by carbonyl nucleophilic addition condensation reaction. Its structure was characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HR-MS. The phloretin, compound 1, resveratrol and acetylated resveratrol were determined by comparing them with paclitaxel. Anti-tumor activity of alcohol on SPC-A1, EC109, A549, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. Compound 1 showed better antitumor activity than docetaxel against A549 tumor cells.

Detection of Optical Stability of chiral 2-Methylbutyric Acid in Gas Phase with Quadrupole-Quistor-Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer

Optical stability of chiral 2-methylbutyric acid in gas phase has been detected with Quadrupole-Quistor-Quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer in combination with deuteration. The results show that these compounds are optically unstable in the process of self chemical ionization.

肝细胞核因子-1b在糜烂性毒剂2-氯乙基乙基硫醚诱导急性肺支气管上皮细胞损伤中的作用及其机制

目的:探讨肝细胞核因子-1b(HNF-1b)在糜烂性毒剂2-氯乙基乙基硫醚(CEES)诱导人源性肺支气管上皮细胞(BEAS-2B)损伤中的作用及其机制。方法:用不同浓度(0、0.4、0.6、0.8、1.0和1.2 mmol/L)的CEES染毒BEAS-2B细胞24 h,使用CCK-8法检测细胞活力,光镜下观察细胞形态,分别采用DCFH-DA和MitoSOX荧光探针检测细胞总活性氧(ROS)和线粒体ROS水平。Western blot检测BEAS-2B细胞中HNF-1b蛋白的表达。再利用慢病毒感染技术构建过表达HNF-1b的BEAS-2B细胞系,用1 mmol/L CESS处理24 h后,分别采用CCK-8法测定细胞活力,Annexin V-FITC/PI双染法检测细胞凋亡率,MitoSOX和DHE荧光探针检测线粒体ROS和细胞总ROS水平,JC-1染色法检测线粒体膜电位。结果:与对照组比较,0.6~1.2 mmol/L CEES染毒后细胞活力均降低(P<0.01);细胞形态发生损伤性改变;0.8~1.2 mmol/L CEES染毒后细胞总ROS和线粒体ROS水平均增加(P<0.01);CEES染毒组细胞HNF-1b蛋白表达水平显著下调(P<0.01)。慢病毒转染后,与对照组正常细胞相比,CEES染毒组HNF-1b过表达细胞的细胞活力显著增加(P<0.01),细胞凋亡率降低(P<0.01),线粒体膜电位的损伤缓解,且线粒体ROS和细胞内总ROS水平显著降低(P<0.01)。结论:糜烂性毒剂CEES能够导致肺支气管上皮细胞中HNF-1b表达降低,过表达HNF-1b能够减轻CEES诱导的细胞损伤和凋亡,抑制线粒体功能障碍,其机制可能与抗氧化有关。上述结果提示HNF-1b可能是糜烂性毒剂导致肺损伤的新靶点,激活HNF-1b可能是糜烂性毒剂毒性靶点治疗的新策略。

气相色谱—串联质谱法测定阿哌沙班中2-氯乙酰乙酸乙酯的残留量

目的:建立一种气相色谱—串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)方法,用于测定阿哌沙班中潜在基因毒性杂质2-氯乙酰乙酸乙酯的残留量。方法:用聚乙二醇[VF-WAXms(30 mm×0.25 mm×0.25μm)]为固定液的毛细管色谱柱;进样口温度为230℃;流速1.0 mL/min;载气:氦气;不分流进样。采用电子轰击离子源(EI),选择离子监测模式(SIM)。结果:2-氯乙酰乙酸乙酯在0.05~1.02μg/mL质量浓度范围内呈现良好的线性关系(r=0.9985);定量限浓度是0.02μg/mL;检出限是0.01μg/mL;三份不同浓度水平的平均回收率为97.9%(RSD=4.2%)。结论:所建立的GC-MS/MS测定方法灵敏度高、专属性强和准确度好,可用于阿哌沙班中2-氯乙酰乙酸乙酯的测定。

［Sn（ethylmaltol）2I2］配合物的合成和晶体结构

由ＳｎＩ４和３－羟基－２－乙基－４（Ｈ）－吡喃酮（ｅｔｈｙｌｍａｌｔｏｌ）合成Ｓｎ（Ｌ）２Ｉ２型配合物，并进行了元素分析、ＵＶ、ＩＲ和ＭＳ表征．Ｘ射线单晶结构分析表明，该晶体属单斜晶系，空间群Ｐ２１／ｎ，ａ＝０．７６５８（１）ｕｍ，ｂ＝２．５３６４（４）ｕｍ，ｃ＝１．１５００（２）ｕｍ，β＝９５．１７°，Ｚ＝４，Ｖ＝２．２２４６（６）ｕｍ３，Ｄｃ＝２．０６６ｍｇ／ｍ３．收集到独立衍射点５０８８个，其中３９１３个为可观测点，最终一致化因子Ｒ＝０．０４４８．结构分析表明Ｓｎ处于两个３－羟基－２－乙基－４（Ｈ）－吡喃酮的４个氧原子和２个碘原子的畸变的八面体配位构型中．

Effects of Ethyl Pyruvate on Myocardial Apoptosis and Expression of Bcl-2 and Bax Proteins after Ischemia-reperfusion in Rats

In order to study the effects of ethyl pyruvate on cardiomyocyte apoptosis following ischemia/reperfusion （I/R） in vitro and the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins, isolated rat hearts were perfused in a Langendorff model. Twenty-four rats were randomly divided into 3 groups （n=8 in each group）： control group was perfused for 120 min. In the I/R group, after 30 min stabilization the injury was induced by 30 min global ischemia followed by 60 min reperfusion. Ethyl pyruvate （EP） group was set up with the same protocol as I/R group except that it was supplied with 2 mmol/L EP 15 rain before ischemia and throughout reperfusion. Myocardial malonaldehyde （MDA） content was measured. Myocardial apoptotic index （AI） was tested by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labeling （TUNEL） method. The expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and pro-apoptotic protein Bax in cardiac myocytes was detected by immunohistochemistry. As compared with control group, the content of MDA, myocardial AI and the expression of Bcl-2, Bax proteins were increased significantly in I/R group, but the content of MDA, myocardial AI and the expression of Bax protein were decreased obviously and the expression of Bcl-2 protein was up-regulated in EP group （P〈0.05）. These results demonstrate that EP could inhibit apoptosis of cardiac myocytes possibly via alleviating oxidative stress, up-regulating Bcl-2 and down-regulating Bax proteins.

Synthesis of Comblike Poly(methyl methacrylate) by Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization with Poly(ethyl 2-bromoacrylate) as Macroinitiator

Comblike poly(methyl methacrylate) was synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate with poly(ethyl 2-bromoacrylate) as a macroinitiator, which was prepared by conventional free radical polymerization of ethyl 2-bromoacrylate. The obtained comblike polymers were characterized by GPC and 1H NMR.

Synthesis, Bioactivity, and Crystal Structure Analysis of 2-(3-Oxobenzo[d]isothiazol-2(3H)-yl)ethyl Benzoates

Fifteen novel 2-（3-oxobenzo[d]isothiazol-2（3H）-yl）ethyl benzoates were synthesi- zed by the condensation of 2-（2-hydroxyethyl）benzo[d]isothiazol-3（2H）-one with substituted benzoic acids in dichloromethane. All the compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, ESI-MS and 1H NMR. The crystal structures for 2-（2-hydroxyethyl）benzo[d]isothiazol-3（2H）-one （2） and 2-（3-oxobenzo[d]isothiazol-2（3H）-yl）ethyl 2-methoxybenzoate （30） have been determined by X-ray crystal structure analysis. Compound 2 （C9H9NO2S） crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group Pn with a = 10.552（3）, b = 7.849（2）, c = 10.765（4） A, β = 103.128（4）°, V= 868.3（5） A3, Mr = 195.24, Dc = 1.493 Mg.m-3, μ = 0.33 mm-1, F（000） = 408, Z = 4, R= 0.0314 and wR= 0.0628. Compound 30 （C17H15NO4S） crystallizes in the triclinic system, space group P1 with a = 8.028（2）, b = 9.300（2）, c = 10.430（3）A, V= 752.1（3）A3, Mr = 329.36, D,= 1.454 Mg.m-3, p = 0.24 mm-1, F（000） = 344, Z = 2, R = 0.0377 and wR = 0.0904. The preliminary biological test indicated that the title compounds show better growth inhibitory activity against the gram-positive bacteria than the gram-negative bacteria.

Decontamination of 2-Chloroethyl Ethyl Sulfide by Pulsed Corona Plasma

Decontamination of 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide （2-CEES, CH_3CH_2SCH_2CH_2C1） by pulsed corona plasma was investigated. The results show that 212.6 mg/m^3 of 2-CEES, with the gas flow rate of 2 m^3/h, can be decontaminated to 0.09 mg/m^3. According to the variation of the inlet and outlet concentration of 2-CEES vapor with retention time, it is found that the reaction of 2-CEES in a pulsed corona plasma system follows the first order reaction, with the reaction rate constant of 0.463 s^-1. The decontamination mechanism is discussed based on an analysis of the dissociation energy of chemical bonds and decontamination products. The C-S bond adjacent to the C1 atom will be destroyed firstly to form CH3CH2S. and .CH2CH2C1 radicals. CH3CH2S. can be decomposed to .C_2H_5 and .S..S can be oxidized to SO_2, while .C_2H_5 can be finally oxidized to CO_2 and H_2O. The C-Cl bond in the .CH_2CH_2C1 radical can be destroyed to form .CH_2CH_2. and .C1, which can be mineralized to CO_2, H_2O and HCl. The H atom in the .CH_2CH_2C1 radical can also be substituted by -C1 to form CHCl_2-CHCl_2.

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a Novel Ethyl 5-(4-(2-Phenylacetamido)phenyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate as an Acrosin Inhibitor

The title compound （ethyl5-（4-（2-phenylacetamido）phenyl）-lH-pyrazole-3-carboxylate, C20H19N3O3） was synthesized by the reaction of Claisen condensation, cyclization, reduction and acylation. The structure was characterized by X-ray diffraction, MS, NMR and IR. It belongs to the monoclinic system, space group C2/c with a = 22.723（9）, b = 9.324（4）, c = 18.890（8） A, β = 114.259（6）°, V = 3649（3） A^3, Dc = 1.272 Mg·m^3, Z = 8, Mr = 349.38, p = 0.087 mm^-1, F（000） = 1472, the final R = 0.0615 and wR = 0.1643. The biological test shows that the title compound has a moderate acrosin inhibition activity.

Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Antitumor Activities of N-(2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl)-2-nitroaniline

The title compound, N-(2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl)-2-nitroaniline(C16H15N3O2, Mr = 281.31), has been synthesized by the multicomponent reaction of milder Ullmann, and its structure was characterized by 1H NMR, 13 C NMR, IR, H RMS(ESI) and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. It crystallizes in monoclinic, space group I2/c with a = 15.0212(10), b = 9.4911(6), c = 20.3075(13) A, β = 100.776(7)o, V = 2844.1(3)A3, Z = 8, Dc = 1.314 g/cm3, F(000) = 1184.0, μ = 0.089 mm-1, the final R = 0.0574 and w R = 0.1688 for 1701 observed reflections(I 】 2σ(I)). X-ray analysis indicates three major N(2)–H(2)···O(2), C(13)–H(13)···O(2), N(2)–H(2)···N(3) hydrogen bonds and π-π stacking interactions in the crystal structure. The preliminary biological test shows that the title compound has a good antitumor activity against A549 in vitro with the IC50 value of 35 μmol/L.

Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Inhibition of N-2-Thiophenesulfonyl-α-L-phenylalanine Ethyl Ester on K562 Cell Proliferation

The title compound N-2-thiophenesulfonyl-a-L-phenylalanine ethyl ester has been synthesized. Complete assignments were achieved by IR, MS, ^1H NMR and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. Using MTT assay, the inhibitory rate of the title compound on K562 cells （chronic myeloid leukemic cells） was measured and the result of preliminary bioassay showed that the title compound possesses antiproliferation effects on K562 cells. In order to investigate the relationship between structure and activity of the target compound, we report its crystal structure and biological behavior in the present paper. Crystallographic data： C15H17NO4S2, Mr = 339.42, monoclinic, space group P21, flack = -0.15（12）, a = 5.7916（10）, b = 11.5078（19）, c = 12.924（2） A, β = 97.781（3）°, Z = 2, V = 853.4（2） A^3, De = 1.321 g/cm^3, F（000） = 356, -7≤h≤7, -10≤k≤14, -15 ≤ l≤15, R = 0.0628, wR = 0.1540 and μ（MoKa） = 0.327 mm^-1. The molecule comprises a benzene and a thiofuran rings, and the intramolecular N（1）-H（1A）…O（1） makes a five-membered ring of O（1）--C（6）-C（5）--N（1）--H（1A）.

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Ethyl 3-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3,4-dihydro-6-methyl-4-oxo-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)furo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-5-carboxylate

The crystal structure of the title compound ethyl 3-（4-chlorophenyl）-3,4-dihydro-6- methyl-4-oxo-2-（pyrrolidin-1-yl）furo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-5-carboxylate （C20H20ClN3O4, Mr= 401.84） has been prepared and determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal is of monoclinic, space group P21/n with a = 20.6215（9）, b = 8.5311（4）, c = 21.6886（9） A^°, β = 91.607（1）°, V = 3814.0（3）A^°^3, Z = 8, Dc = 1.400 g/cm^3, F（000） = 1680, μ = 0.233 mm^-1, R = 0.0718 and wR = 0.1545 for 6717 observed reflections with I 〉 2σ（I）. X-ray diffraction analysis reveals two crystallographically independent molecules in the asymmetric unit.

孕早期增塑剂DEHP暴露降低长链非编码RNA RP24-315D19.10表达影响子宫内膜蜕膜反应

目的:探索孕早期增塑剂邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基)己酯(DEHP)暴露对小鼠子宫内膜蜕膜反应的影响及长链非编码RNA RP24-315D19.10的作用。方法:构建DEHP(1000 mg·kg^(-1)·d^(-1))暴露的早孕小鼠模型,取妊娠第6天子宫,通过苏木精-伊红染色和免疫荧光检测其对小鼠子宫内膜蜕膜区病理变化及相关分子表达。构建DEHP暴露(0.1、0.5、2.5、12.5、62.5μmol/L)的原代小鼠子宫内膜基质细胞体外蜕膜诱导模型,通过光学显微镜和鬼笔环肽染色观察细胞形态变化,免疫荧光、实时逆转录PCR、蛋白质印迹法检测蜕膜反应标志蛋白的表达情况。实时逆转录PCR分别检测RP24-315D19.10在蜕膜组织和蜕膜细胞中的表达。利用在线工具lnc Locator和RNA荧光原位杂交检测RP24-315D19.10的细胞定位,并运用在线工具Anno Lnc2预测与RP24-315D19.10相结合的微RNA(mi RNA)。结果:DEHP暴露组的胚胎着床点数、子宫湿重、子宫面积显著低于空白对照组,蜕膜反应标志蛋白基质金属蛋白酶、同源异型框A10的表达也明显少于空白对照组(均P<0.05)。随着DEHP浓度增加,蜕膜细胞中dtprp的表达逐渐降低。2.5μmol/L DEHP暴露组中基质细胞向蜕膜细胞的形态转化受到明显抑制,蜕膜反应标志蛋白同源异型框A10、骨形成蛋白2及增殖细胞核抗原表达水平显著低于空白对照组(均P<0.05)。DEHP暴露的蜕膜组织和蜕膜细胞中RP24-315D19.10的表达显著减少(均P<0.05)。RP24-315D19.10主要定位于细胞质,与45个mi RNA有潜在结合位点,其中mi R-138-5p、mi R-155-5p、mi R-183-5p及mi R-223-3p与子宫内膜蜕膜反应有关。结论:孕早期DEHP暴露导致小鼠蜕膜反应损伤可能与RP24-315D19.10表达下调有关。