1‐Butanol is a potential bio‐based fermentation product obtained from cellulosic biomass.As a value‐added chemical,2‐ethyl‐1‐hexanol(2‐EH)can be produced by Guerbet conversion from 1‐butanol.This work reports ...1‐Butanol is a potential bio‐based fermentation product obtained from cellulosic biomass.As a value‐added chemical,2‐ethyl‐1‐hexanol(2‐EH)can be produced by Guerbet conversion from 1‐butanol.This work reports the enhanced catalytic Guerbet reaction of 1‐butanol to 2‐EH by a series of Cp^(*)Ir complexes(Cp^(*):1,2,3,4,5‐pentamethylcyclopenta‐1,3‐diene)coordinated to bipyridine‐type ligands bearing an ortho‐hydroxypyridine group with an electron‐donating group and a Cl−anion.The catalytic activity of the Cp^(*)Ir complex increased by increasing the electron density of the bipyridine ligand when functionalized with the para‐NMe2 and ortho‐hydroxypyridine groups.A record turnover number of 14047 was attained.A mechanistic study indicated that the steric effect of the ethyl group on theα‐C of 2‐ethylhexanal(2‐EHA)and the conjugation effect of C=C–C=O in 2‐ethylhex‐2‐enal(2‐EEA)benefits the high selectivity of 2‐EH from 1‐butanol by inhibiting the cross‐aldol reaction of 2‐EHA and 2‐EEA with butyraldehyde.Nuclear magnetic resonance study revealed the formation of a carbonyl group in the bipyridine‐type ligand via the reaction of the Cp^(*)Ir complex with KOH.展开更多
Phthalates have been used in a wide variety of consumer goods. Their versatility as plasticizers has translated into worldwide use in a vast array of consumer products. These compounds can leach into matrices, such as...Phthalates have been used in a wide variety of consumer goods. Their versatility as plasticizers has translated into worldwide use in a vast array of consumer products. These compounds can leach into matrices, such as food and liquids that can be routed for human exposure. One of the most used phthalates is Diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP). Diethylhexyl phthalate and its metabolite 2-ethyl-1-hexanol (2-EH) have demonstrated biological effects which merit further evaluation. In this work, we expand on our previous work with DEHP and screen the 2-EH metabolite for different cell death endpoints such as growth inhibition, apoptosis, autophagy, caspase activation, DNA fragmentation, and cell cycle arrest using fluorophores and the NC3000 instrument. Significant results (p 0.05) revealed higher toxicity for the 2-EH metabolite when compared to DEHP. Also, 2-EH presented apoptosis induction with characteristic hallmarks, such as loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, caspase activation, DNA fragmentation and cell cycle arrest at the S phase. In addition, the presence of autophagosome was detected through L3CB protein staining. We conclude that 2-EH presents differences in cell death endpoints that interestingly differ from the DEHP parent compound. Further studies are needed to establish the molecular pathways responsible for the observed effects.展开更多
The kinetics of extracting boric acid from salt lake brine were investigated on the conditions of different initial concentrations of boric acid and 2-ethyl hexanol,temperature and the interfacial area of two-phase.Th...The kinetics of extracting boric acid from salt lake brine were investigated on the conditions of different initial concentrations of boric acid and 2-ethyl hexanol,temperature and the interfacial area of two-phase.The method of rising drop technique was used in the experiment with 2-ethyl hexanol as the complexing agent and toluene as a diluent.The result shows that the extraction rate of boric acid increases with the increasing of the initial concentrations of boric acid in the aqueous phase and 2-ethyl hexanol in the organic phase,the interfacial area of two-phase.The extraction reaction between boric acid and 2-ethyl hexanol is the quick reaction,which occurred in the interfacial area of two-phase.The extraction process is the diffusion-controlled mode by the calculation of the apparent activation energy.The kinetics equation of extracting boric acid with 2-ethyl hexanol regressed from the experimental data with the linear least square method can be expressed at pH=1(aqueous phase) and 318.15 K,and the relative deviation of rate constant is 5.318%.展开更多
以铁钴锰铬的硝酸盐为发色化合物、甘油为调粘剂、柠檬酸钠为配合剂和异辛醇磷酸酯为渗透剂,通过大量实验成功地试制出了颜色、渗透深度和色饱和度梯度均较为理想的黑色渗彩釉。采用色度分析和模糊理论对渗彩釉的性能指标进行了表征,通...以铁钴锰铬的硝酸盐为发色化合物、甘油为调粘剂、柠檬酸钠为配合剂和异辛醇磷酸酯为渗透剂,通过大量实验成功地试制出了颜色、渗透深度和色饱和度梯度均较为理想的黑色渗彩釉。采用色度分析和模糊理论对渗彩釉的性能指标进行了表征,通过X R D、S E M和I R等测试手段对渗彩釉的发色机理进行了研究。展开更多
文摘1‐Butanol is a potential bio‐based fermentation product obtained from cellulosic biomass.As a value‐added chemical,2‐ethyl‐1‐hexanol(2‐EH)can be produced by Guerbet conversion from 1‐butanol.This work reports the enhanced catalytic Guerbet reaction of 1‐butanol to 2‐EH by a series of Cp^(*)Ir complexes(Cp^(*):1,2,3,4,5‐pentamethylcyclopenta‐1,3‐diene)coordinated to bipyridine‐type ligands bearing an ortho‐hydroxypyridine group with an electron‐donating group and a Cl−anion.The catalytic activity of the Cp^(*)Ir complex increased by increasing the electron density of the bipyridine ligand when functionalized with the para‐NMe2 and ortho‐hydroxypyridine groups.A record turnover number of 14047 was attained.A mechanistic study indicated that the steric effect of the ethyl group on theα‐C of 2‐ethylhexanal(2‐EHA)and the conjugation effect of C=C–C=O in 2‐ethylhex‐2‐enal(2‐EEA)benefits the high selectivity of 2‐EH from 1‐butanol by inhibiting the cross‐aldol reaction of 2‐EHA and 2‐EEA with butyraldehyde.Nuclear magnetic resonance study revealed the formation of a carbonyl group in the bipyridine‐type ligand via the reaction of the Cp^(*)Ir complex with KOH.
文摘Phthalates have been used in a wide variety of consumer goods. Their versatility as plasticizers has translated into worldwide use in a vast array of consumer products. These compounds can leach into matrices, such as food and liquids that can be routed for human exposure. One of the most used phthalates is Diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP). Diethylhexyl phthalate and its metabolite 2-ethyl-1-hexanol (2-EH) have demonstrated biological effects which merit further evaluation. In this work, we expand on our previous work with DEHP and screen the 2-EH metabolite for different cell death endpoints such as growth inhibition, apoptosis, autophagy, caspase activation, DNA fragmentation, and cell cycle arrest using fluorophores and the NC3000 instrument. Significant results (p 0.05) revealed higher toxicity for the 2-EH metabolite when compared to DEHP. Also, 2-EH presented apoptosis induction with characteristic hallmarks, such as loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, caspase activation, DNA fragmentation and cell cycle arrest at the S phase. In addition, the presence of autophagosome was detected through L3CB protein staining. We conclude that 2-EH presents differences in cell death endpoints that interestingly differ from the DEHP parent compound. Further studies are needed to establish the molecular pathways responsible for the observed effects.
文摘The kinetics of extracting boric acid from salt lake brine were investigated on the conditions of different initial concentrations of boric acid and 2-ethyl hexanol,temperature and the interfacial area of two-phase.The method of rising drop technique was used in the experiment with 2-ethyl hexanol as the complexing agent and toluene as a diluent.The result shows that the extraction rate of boric acid increases with the increasing of the initial concentrations of boric acid in the aqueous phase and 2-ethyl hexanol in the organic phase,the interfacial area of two-phase.The extraction reaction between boric acid and 2-ethyl hexanol is the quick reaction,which occurred in the interfacial area of two-phase.The extraction process is the diffusion-controlled mode by the calculation of the apparent activation energy.The kinetics equation of extracting boric acid with 2-ethyl hexanol regressed from the experimental data with the linear least square method can be expressed at pH=1(aqueous phase) and 318.15 K,and the relative deviation of rate constant is 5.318%.
