Solubility enhancement of ethyl p-methoxycinnamate under nanoscale confinement

The low solubility of ethyl p-methoxycinnamate(EPMC)inhibits its absorption in the gastrointestinal tract,impairing its pharmacological effect.The solubility of EPMC can be increased by utilizing a carrier in the type of mesoporous silica nanoparticles(MSN).In the present study,we aimed to confine EPMC under the nanoscale of MSN(MSN-EPMC)to increase the water solubility of EPMC.MSN was prepared using sodium silica as a precursor and Tween 80 and Span 80 as templates.Briefly,500 mg MSN was dispersed into 2%w/v EPMC solution,stirred at 100 r/min for 24 h,and dried at 60℃.The results showed that the MSN formed had a particle size of 87.1305 nm,a surface area of 68.86 m;/g,a pore diameter of 20.45 nm,and a pore volume of 0.352 cm;/g.EPMC was successfully confined under the nanoscale of MSN.MSN-EPMC had an amorphous structure,a loading capacity of 10.6%,and a loading efficiency of 18.18%.The solubility of MSN-EPMC was increased by 2.63 folds at 30 min compared with EPMC.The amorphous structure of MSN-EPMC was responsible for the enhancement of the water solubility.It could be concluded that the confining of EPMC in MSN had the potential to increase the solubility of a water-soluble isolate of a plant.

Ethyl acetate fraction of Sargassum pallidum extract attenuates particulate matter-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in keratinocytes and zebrafish

Objective:To evaluate the effect of the ethyl acetate fraction derived from Sargassum pallidum extract against particulate matter(PM)-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in HaCaT cells and zebrafish.Methods:HaCaT cells and zebrafish were used to evaluate the protective effects of the ethyl acetate fraction of Sargassum pallidum extract against PM-induced oxidative stress and inflammation.The production of nitric oxide(NO),intracellular ROS,prostaglandin E_(2)(PGE_(2)),and pro-inflammatory cytokines,and the expression levels of COX-2,iNOS,and NF-κB were evaluated in PM-induced HaCaT cells.Furthermore,the levels of ROS,NO,and lipid peroxidation were assessed in the PM-exposed zebrafish model.Results:The ethyl acetate fraction of Sargassum pallidum extract significantly decreased the production of NO,intracellular ROS,and PGE_(2) in PM-induced HaCaT cells.In addition,the fraction markedly suppressed the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inhibited the expression levels of COX-2,iNOS,and NF-κB.Furthermore,it displayed remarkable protective effects against PM-induced inflammatory response and oxidative stress,represented by the reduction of NO,ROS,and lipid peroxidation in zebrafish.Conclusions:The ethyl acetate fraction of Sargassum pallidum extract exhibits a protective effect against PM-induced oxidative stress and inflammation both in vitro and in vivo and has the potential as a candidate for the development of pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical products.

Tailoring Ni based catalysts by indium for the dehydrogenative coupling of ethanol into ethyl acetate

Exploring stable and robust catalysts to replace the current toxic CuCr based catalysts for dehydrogenative coupling of ethanol to ethyl acetate is a challenging but promising task.Herein,novel NiIn based catalysts were developed by tailoring Ni catalysts with Indium(In)for this reaction.Over the optimal Ni0.1Zn0.7Al0.3InOx catalyst,the ethyl acetate selectivity reached 90.1%at 46.2%ethanol conversion under the conditions of 548 K and a weight hourly space velocity of 1.9 h^(-1)in the 370 h time on stream.Moreover,the ethyl acetate productivity surpassed 1.1 g_(ethyl acetate)g_(catalyst)^(-1)h^(-1),,one of the best performance in current works.According to catalyst characterizations and conditional experiments,the active sites for dehydrogenative coupling of ethanol to ethyl acetate were proved to be Ni4In alloys.The presence of In tailored the chemical properties of Ni,and subsequently inhibited the C-C cracking and/or condensation reactions during ethanol conversions.Over Ni4In alloy sites,ethanol was dehydrogenated into acetaldehyde,and then transformed into acetyl species with the removal of H atoms.Finally,the coupling between acetyl species and surface-abundant ethoxyde species into ethyl acetate was achieved,affording a high ethyl acetate selectivity and catalyst stability.

Syntheses,structures,and properties of three coordination polymers based on 5⁃ethylpyridine⁃2,3⁃dicarboxylic acid and N⁃containing ligands

Three coordination polymers[Mn(epda)(2,2'⁃bipy)(H_(2)O)](1),[Mn(epda)(phen)](2),and[Co_(2)(epda)2(bpe)2(H_(2)O)_(4)]·5H_(2)O(3)(H2epda=5⁃ethyl⁃pyridine⁃2,3⁃dicarboxylic acid,2,2'⁃bipy=2,2'⁃bipyridine,phen=phenanthroline,bpe=1,2⁃bis(4⁃pyridyl)ethylene)were synthesized by solvothermal reactions and characterized by single⁃crystal X⁃ray diffraction,thermogravimetric analyses,IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis.1 displays a 1D chain struc⁃ture,and these chains are joined by O-H…O hydrogen bonding andπ⁃πstacking interactions to generate a 2D layer structure.2 displays a 2D layer structure,and adjacent layers are generated 3D architecture throughπ⁃πstacking interactions.3 displays a 1D chain structure,and adjacent chains are generated double layer structure through O-H…O hydrogen bonding.The fluorescent properties of 1 and 3 indicate that they can potentially be used as a luminescent sensor.1 was highly selective and sensitive towards o⁃nitrophenol through different detection mechanisms,however,3 was highly selective and sensitive towards 2,4,6⁃trinitrophenol.In addition,the magnetic behavior of 2 has also been investigated.CCDC:2172533,1,2355773,2,2355774,3.

Formation mechanisms of ethyl acetate and organic acids in Kluyveromyces marxianus L1-1 in Chinese acid rice soup

This study aims to explore the formation mechanism of ethyl acetate and organic acids in acid rice soup(rice-acid soup)inoculated with Kluyveromyces marxianus L1-1 through the complementary analysis of transcriptome and proteome.The quantity of K.marxianus L1-1 varied significantly in the fermentation process of rice-acid soup and the first and third days were the two key turning points in the growth phase of K.marxianus L1-1.Importantly,the concentrations of ethyl acetate,ethanol,acetic acid,and L-lactic acid increased from day 1 to day 3.At least 4231 genes and 2937 proteins were identified and 610 differentially expressed proteins were annotated to 30 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathways based on the analysis results of transcriptome and proteome.The key genes and proteins including up-regulated alcohol dehydrogenase family,alcohol O-acetyltransferase,acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase,acyl-coenzyme A thioester hydrolase,and down-regulated aldehyde dehydrogenase family were involved in glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathways,starch and sucrose metabolism pathways,amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism pathways,tricarboxylic acid(TCA)cycle,and pyruvate metabolism pathways,thus promoting the formation of ethyl acetate,organic acids,alcohols,and other esters.Our results revealed the formation mechanisms of ethyl acetate and organic acids in rice-acid soup inoculated with K.marxianus L1-1.

Investigation on catalytic distillation for ethyl acetate production with different catalytic packing structures

The catalytic packing is the core component of the catalytic distillation,and how the catalyst exists in the packing has significant influence on the process.To investigate the effect of catalyst packings on the catalytic distillation process,the classical ethyl acetate reactive distillation system was utilized,and a supported catalytic packing(SCP)was prepared in comparison with the conventional tea-bag catalytic packing(TBP).Laboratory scale experiments showed that the ethyl acetate conversion of the SCP was superior to the TBP at a low catalyst loading.The effects of reaction kinetics,mass transfer performance and actual catalytic efficiency of the packings on this process were regarded as reasons and studied by combining the experiments and numerical simulation.Results suggested that the relatively immediate“in-situ separation”caused by the rapid reaction kinetics and better mass transfer performance of SCP may be a main reason for the difference of the conversion.

Preparation and Properties of Vegetable-Oil-Based Thioether Polyol and Ethyl Cellulose Supramolecular Composite Films

Ethyl cellulose(EC),an important biomass-based material,has excellent film-forming properties.Nevertheless,the high interchain hydrogen bond interaction leads to a high glass transition temperature of EC,which makes it too brittle to be used widely.The hydroxyl group on EC can form a supramolecular system in the form of a non-covalent bond with an effective plasticizer.In this study,an important vegetable-oil-based derivative named dimer fatty acid was used to prepare a novel special plasticizer for EC.Dimer-fatty-acid-based thioether polyol(DATP)was synthesized and used to modify ethyl cellulose films.The supramolecular composite films of DATP and ethyl cellulose were designed using the newly-formed van der Waals force.The thermal stability,morphology,hydrophilicity,and mechanical properties of the composite films were all tested.Pure EC is fragile,and the addition of DATP makes the ethyl cellulose films more flexible.The elongation at the break of EC supramolecular films increased and the tensile strength decreased with the increasing DATP content.The elongation at the break of EC/DATP(60/40)and EC/DATP(50/50)was up to 40.3%and 43.4%,respectively.Noticeably,the thermal initial degradation temperature of the film with 10%DATP is higher than that of pure EC,which may be attributed to the formation of a better supramolecular system in this composite film.The application of bio-based material(EC)is environmentally friendly,and the novel DATP can be used as a special and effective plasticizer to prepare flexible EC films,making it more widely used in energy,chemical industry,materials,agriculture,medicine,and other fields.

Evaluation of Uncertainty in Determination of Ethyl Maltol in Vegetable Oil by Ultra-high Performance Liquid Chromatograph-Mass Spectrometer(UPLC-MS)

[Objectives]This study was conducted to establish an uncertainty evaluation method for the determination of ethyl maltol by ultra-high performance liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometer(UPLC-MS).[Methods]A mathematical model of uncertainty was established by analyzing the method for determining ethyl maltol using UPLC-MS.The sources of uncertainty were analyzed,and the components of uncertainty were calculated to evaluate the expanded uncertainty of the method.[Results]When the content of ethyl maltol in edible vegetable oil was 1657μg/kg,the expanded uncertainty was 22.4μg/kg(K=2,P=95%).[Conclusions]The uncertainty in this evaluation model mainly came from standard solution preparation,sample weighing,dilution of sample to constant volume,standard curve fitting,and repeated measurement.

响应面法优化高顺式虾青素的制备工艺研究

天然存在的虾青素多为全反式构型,但顺式构型的虾青素具有更好的生物活性且更易被人体选择性吸收。为研究高顺式虾青素的制备工艺,该实验采用微波加热法对虾青素进行虾青素异构化,以全反式虾青素为原料,乙酸乙酯为溶剂,虾青素顺式占比为评价指标,采用单因素及响应面试验优化了虾青素异构化。得出制备高顺式虾青素最佳条件为:催化剂为异硫氰酸甲酯60 mg/mL,虾青素溶液质量浓度1.5 mg/mL,微波温度69℃,微波功率600 W,微波时间22 min。最佳条件下虾青素总顺式占比为49.34%,该研究有利于提高虾青素顺式比例,为虾青素用于功能性食品打下理论基础。

不同EMS处理时间对大豆诱变后代主要品质含量变化影响分析

为探究不同EMS处理时间对大豆诱变后代主要品质含量变化的影响,文章利用0.5%EMS溶液处理大豆高蛋白品系公交1057-1,分别浸泡4、7和10 h(清水冲洗处理为对照),对播种后获得的连续4代诱变后代主要品质含量变化进行分析。结果表明,与对照相较,经EMS处理后的植株成活率随处理时间延长而降低。其中,经EMS-4处理后的植株成活率最高,为43.5%;经EMS-10处理后的植株成活率最低,仅为16.0%。不同EMS处理时间对大豆诱变后代的蛋白质含量影响显著,对脂肪含量影响不明显。其中经EMS-4处理的诱变后代蛋白质含量高于其他3组处理;经EMS-4处理后的M2代蛋白质含量发生显著分离,并出现超亲个体,脂肪含量变化不显著。

桃苗圃适用除草剂的筛选、混配与安全性评价

【目的】杂草防治是果树生产中的重要环节,论文旨在评价不同除草剂对桃的安全性并筛选适于桃苗圃和生产园利用的除草剂,为桃产业中化学除草的应用提供理论依据。【方法】采用盆栽试验方法,选用毛桃苗以及黑麦草、狗牙根、空心莲子草、白三叶草和黄花苜蓿5种草为试材,对13种除草剂的安全性进行初步筛选。根据各除草剂药害等级结果,选择10%精喹禾灵和60%二氯喹啉酸进行混配。按照精喹禾灵有效剂量25、50、75 mL·hm^(-2)3个水平,二氯喹啉酸有效剂量150、300、450 g·hm^(-2)3个水平,共设置形成9个除草剂混配制剂。茎叶喷施处理后7、14、21 d,调查计算杂草抑制率,处理30 d后测定桃苗株高、茎粗、地上和地下部生物量、叶片和根尖细胞电解质渗透率、根系总根长、总根表面积、根体积和根尖数的变化,并基于主成分分析对不同处理的安全性和杂草抑制率进行综合评价。【结果】茎叶喷施处理后,有11种除草剂对桃苗产生药害,桃苗出现不同程度的失绿、萎蔫、枯死等症状,精喹禾灵和二氯喹啉酸对桃苗生长无显著影响。利用精喹禾灵单剂喷施杂草后,处理21 d对禾本科杂草的抑制率为100%,但对阔叶杂草无抑制作用。相反,喷施二氯喹啉酸对禾本科杂草的抑制率为0,对黄花苜蓿、白三叶草、空心莲子草的抑制率范围为80%—100%。精喹禾灵与二氯喹啉酸混配后,9个混配制剂在处理21 d后的杂草总抑制率可达90%以上,同时各制剂对桃苗株高、地上和地下部生物量、叶片和根尖细胞电解质渗透率无显著性影响。综合分析显示,精喹禾灵有效剂量对混配制剂的综合评价D值有较大影响,当精喹禾灵有效剂量提升至75 mL·hm^(-2)时,混配制剂的综合评价D值超过0.563,但D值未出现随二氯喹啉酸有效剂量提升而增大的趋势。【结论】桃苗对多数除草剂敏感,混配是提高精喹禾灵和二氯喹啉酸杂草综合抑制率的有效措施。有效剂量75 mL·hm^(-2)精喹禾灵与300g·hm^(-2)二氯喹啉酸混配后,制剂的综合评价D值最高,可在保证桃苗安全的基础上达到最佳除草效果。

化学诱变提高植物抗逆性的研究进展

化学诱变是农业上一种传统的育种技术,在植物抗逆育种方面受到育种家的青睐,用于改善植物的抗寒、抗旱、耐盐碱性等育种方面的研究。植物组织培养技术是实现细胞或个体快速繁殖的有效途径。以上两种技术的结合,可有效提高突变的频率,人为扩大植物遗传变异范围。近年来,化学诱变与生物技术结合在植物抗逆诱变育种方面展现出了积极的发展前景,对于植物新品种选育具有重要的实践意义。本研究综述了化学诱变的特点、常用化学诱变剂[主要是甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)和叠氮化钠(NaN3)]的诱变机制、使用方法、诱变效果以及影响化学诱变的因素等,并介绍了化学诱变在植物抗逆育种领域中的新近研究进展。

UPLC测定食用油中的3种香兰素类物质含量

为解决现有检测方法存在前处理净化不完全、不彻底的情况,建立了超高效液相色谱(UPLC)测定食用油中香兰素、甲基香兰素和乙基香兰素含量的分析方法。用乙腈提取食用油中目标物,以乙腈饱和的正己烷萃取净化,冷冻分层后,再经OasisPRiMEHLB固相萃取柱净化,采用C18色谱柱分离,以0.5%甲酸水溶液-乙腈为流动相进行UPLC测定,外标法定量。结果表明:3种香兰素类物质在0.1~100.0mg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数大于0.999,检出限均为0.03 mg/kg,定量限均为0.1mg/kg;在0.1、0.2、1.0mg/kg3个添加水平的平均回收率为86.6%~108.1%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.0%~8.8%。同时,采用本方法与BJS201705中方法对食用油中的3种香兰素类物质进行测定,两种方法结果间无显著性差异。综上,建立的方法采用两步净化,减少了杂质对香兰素类物质的干扰,适用于食用油中香兰素类物质含量的测定。

清香型白酒大曲中产酯化酶微生物分离筛选及鉴定

从清香型白酒大曲中分离纯化高产酯化酶的微生物菌株,经过初筛、复筛,最终得到1株细菌HXX7,其麸曲酯化力可达20.6 mg/g,具有较强催化合成乙酸乙酯的能力。对HXX7菌株及微观细胞形态进行观察,发现HXX7为革兰氏阳性细菌;应用16S rDNA测序方法对其进行分子生物学鉴定,结果显示HXX7为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)。

Synthesis and Antitumor Activity of 3-[2-(4-Hydroxy-Phenyl)-Ethyl]-Benzo[d] Isoxazole-4,6-Diol

A new phloretin derivative 1 3-[2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-benzo[d] isoxazole-4,6-diol (yield 63%) was synthesized from phloretin by carbonyl nucleophilic addition condensation reaction. Its structure was characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HR-MS. The phloretin, compound 1, resveratrol and acetylated resveratrol were determined by comparing them with paclitaxel. Anti-tumor activity of alcohol on SPC-A1, EC109, A549, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. Compound 1 showed better antitumor activity than docetaxel against A549 tumor cells.

复合溶剂液化制备乙酰丙酸乙酯的碳同位素分馏

利用单体稳定同位素分析(CSIA)技术研究C3、C4植物源原料液化生成乙酰丙酸乙酯(EL)过程中碳稳定同位素分馏特征。实验结果表明,在反应时间15 min内,C3、C4植物源原料液化生成EL的反应速率为木薯淀粉>玉米淀粉,杨木纤维素(P-C)>玉米秸秆纤维素(CS-C),杨木>玉米秸秆,液化生成EL过程中碳同位素比值的分馏速率为C3植物源原料>C4植物源原料,两者之间存在着直接的线性关系,液化反应速率较大时,δ^(13)C值的变化速率也大。结合瑞利方程量化液化过程中EL的^(13)C碳稳定同位素的富集程度,得到不同原料液化过程中富集因子大小为ε>ε,ε_(CS-C)>ε_(P-C),ε>ε,表明液化过程中碳同位素的富集程度与原料的δ^(13)C值相关,液化程度越大,δ^(13)C值变化程度越大,通过追踪反应过程中的碳稳定同位素分馏变化就可以反映其液化程度。此外,^(13)C同位素富集在中间产物5-羟甲基糠醛(5-HMF)上,而在最终产物EL中相对较少;由于动力学同位素效应的存在,发生化学反应后,^(12)C同位素在EL中逐渐富集,^(13)C同位素富集在5-HMF中,说明在试验过程中5-HMF→EL的路径占优势。由此可知,CSIA可用于C3、C4植物源原料液化过程的研究。

天茄子乙酸乙酯部位化学成分研究

采用脂多糖诱导小鼠单核巨噬细胞RAW 264.7炎症模型导向研究天茄子(Ipomoea turbinata seeds)的抗炎活性成分。采用硅胶、Sephadex LH-20、MCI、ODS柱色谱及半制备型高效液相等方法对乙酸乙酯活性部位进行分离纯化,结合现代波谱技术与理化性质确定化合物结构。从中共分离鉴定了15个化合物,分别为华佗豆甲碱(1)、华佗豆丙碱-4′-O-β-D-(6-O-反式香豆酰基)葡萄糖苷(2)、1,8,15,22-四氮杂环二十八烷-2,9,16,23-四酮(3)、1,8,15,22,29-五氮杂环三十五烷-2,9,16,23,30-五酮(4)、绿原酸甲酯(5)、绿原酸(6)、3,5-二咖啡酰基奎宁酸(7)、3,4-二咖啡酰基奎宁酸(8)、咖啡酸(9)、3,5-二羟基桂皮酸(10)、4-甲氧基肉桂酸(11)、6-氧-(E)-对羟基桂皮酰基-1-β-乙基-葡萄糖甙(12)、E-3-(3,4-二羟基苯亚甲基)-5-(3,4-二羟基苯基)二羟基呋喃-2-酮(13)、丁香脂素-4-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(14)和松脂素-4-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(15)。化合物3~8和10~15为首次从该植物中分离得到,其中8个化合物(3~5、10~13和15)为首次从旋花科中分离得到。活性筛选结果表明,咖啡酰奎宁酸类(5~8)和苯丙酸类成分(9~12)显示有较好的抑制NO释放活性,在50μmol/L浓度下抑制率为29.07%~40.30%。

正交设计提高乙酸乙酯合成的产率和纯度

在乙酸乙酯合成的实验教学中,通常使用阿贝折射仪分析产物纯度,误差较大。在本研究中,采用气相色谱内标校正因子法和面积归一化法来测定乙酸乙酯的含量,我们发现内标校正因子法测量的结果准确度高,且操作简单。合成条件为:乙醇、乙酸摩尔比为1.5∶1,浓硫酸的添加量为2 mL。通过正交实验设计优化乙酸乙酯纯化过程,得到最佳纯化条件:20 mL饱和氯化钠溶液、40 mL 100%饱和氯化钙溶液(每次20 mL)、1.8 g无水硫酸镁。在此条件下提纯,我们将实验教学中普遍合成产率55%提高到80.70%,且纯度高达96.69%,实现了乙酸乙酯合成产率和纯度的双向提升。

新型钼铋硫化矿捕收剂CYB⁃06的开发及工业应用

针对柿竹园钼铋硫化矿矿石特点,开发了新型环保硫化矿捕收剂CYB⁃06。工业试验结果表明,以CYB⁃06和乙硫氮为组合捕收剂,硫化矿全浮选精矿钼、铋、硫回收率分别为84.12%、67.90%、83.28%,较丁基黄药与乙硫氮组合使用时分别提高了2.32、2.82、6.55个百分点;浮选尾水COD值117 mg/L,较丁基黄药与乙硫氮组合使用时降低了41.21%。新型捕收剂CYB⁃06无刺激性气味、选别指标良好、尾矿废水COD值低,对矿山企业提质增效、清洁生产和环境保护具有重要意义。

己酸菌发酵液酯化合成己酸乙酯的研究

己酸乙酯是浓香白酒的特征香气成分,其含量的多少决定着浓香型白酒的品质。本研究对己酸菌发酵液酯化合成己酸乙酯的最佳条件进行探究,研究了不同条件下的酯化pH、不同酸调节pH以及乙醇、己酸浓度对己酸菌发酵液中己酸乙酯转化率的影响。结果表明,pH在3~4时己酸乙酯转化率较高,用乳酸调节p H效果最优,增加酯化体系中乙醇、己酸浓度均有利于提高己酸乙酯的转化率;使用己酸含量为18.86 g/L的浓缩己酸菌液,加入30%的无水乙醇,0.15%的酯化酶,用乳酸调节pH至4,34℃酯化24 h,己酸乙酯含量达到8962.99 mg/L,转化率为49.77%。