Analysis of Ethylene Glycol Degumming Process and Characterization of Hemp Fibers

To overcome the shortcomings of traditional degumming process,an efficient and environmentally friendly ethylene glycol(EG) degumming process was adopted to degum hemp fibers.The surface morphology,chemical composition,chemical structures,and mechanical properties of the fiber samples were analyzed to explore the mechanism of the degumming process.It was found that the EG degumming process could be divided into the main degumming stage(heating) and the supplementary degumming stage(insulation).The removal rates of hemicellulose and lignin in the main degumming stage were 70.56% and 60.17%,respectively.In the supplementary degumming stage,9.95% hemicellulose and 25.39% lignin were removed.It is confirmed that EG can separate hemp fibers effectively with less damage,which holds great potential for the biomass fiber separation technology.

Development and Performance Evaluation of Catalyst for Productive Ethylene Cracking Feedstock in Selective Hydrocracking of Straight Run Diesel Oil

The upgrading of diesel oil to produce ethylene rich cracking feedstock is an important and promising technical route to reduce the ratio of diesel to gasoline. In the present work, a hydrocracking catalyst suitable for selective hydrocracking of straight run diesel oil to produce high-quality ethylene cracking feedstock at low cost was developed, by optimizing the composition of catalyst support materials, using amorphous silicon aluminum and aluminum oxide with high mesopore content as the main support, and modified Y zeolite with excellent aromatic ring opening selectivity as the acidic component. The catalyst has in-depth characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, N2-low temperature adsorption-desorption, NH3-temperature-programmed desorption, and IR techniques. And its catalytic cracking straight run diesel oil performance was evaluated. The results show that the prepared catalyst has high polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon ring opening cracking selectivity. However, alkanes retained in diesel distillates can achieve the goal of producing more ethylene cracking feedstocks with low BMCI value under low and moderate pressure conditions. This work may shed significant technical insight for oil refining transformation.

Simulation and assessment of manufacturing ethylene carbonate from ethylene oxide in multiple process routes

Ethylene oxide(EO)is an important raw material for producing ethylene carbonate(EC).However,the traditional method for the separation of EO from mixture gas by water in the refining process is high energy consumption.In this paper,two processes of manufacturing EC from EO mixture gas were studied by process simulation.Two processes for producing EC from EO mixture as raw materials without EO purification,called the OSAC process and the Modified OSAC process,were developed and assessed systematically.Both processes use EC as the absorbent to capture EO,avoiding the separation process of EO from solution.For comparisons,the EC producing process containing EO absorption by water,EO refinement and carbonylation process were also modeled,which was called the ERC process.Three schemes were designed for the EO absorber using EC as absorbent.Compared with the initial absorber scheme,the optimal liquid–vapor ratio is reduced from 1.66 to 1.45(mass).Moreover,the mass distribution analysis for the three processes were carried out in the form of the material chain.It was found that,compared with the ERC process,the energy consumption of the OSAC and the Modified OSAC process is reduced by 56.89%and 30.03%,respectively.This work will provide helpful information for the industrialization of the OSAC process.

Intensification of Ethylene Production from Naphtha via a Redox Oxy-Cracking Scheme： Process Simulations and Analysis

石脑油热裂解制乙烯(C_2H_4)是一种能源密集型工艺(每吨C_2H_4高达40 GJ热量),会形成大量焦炭和氮氧化物(NO_x),而且每产生1 kg C_2H_4就有1.8～2 kg的二氧化碳(CO_2)排放量。我们提出了石脑油氧化还原氧化裂解(redox oxy-cracking,ROC)的替代方法。在该两步法中,石脑油裂解产生的氢气(H_2)首先在氧化还原催化剂的作用下与其晶格氧选择性地燃烧。随后氧化还原催化剂被空气再次氧化并释放热量,以满足裂解反应对热量的需求。这个强化过程减少了附加能量的消耗以及CO_2和NO_x的排放。此外,由于H_2的选择性燃烧,C_2H_4和丙烯(C_3H_6)的形成可以被增强。在本研究中,我们基于最近开发氧化还原催化剂的实验数据,使用ASPEN Plus~?模拟ROC工艺。与传统的石脑油裂解相比,ROC工艺可将能耗和CO_2排放量降低52%。该工艺的上游部分少消耗约67%的能量,同时每千克石脑油原料多产生28%的C_2H_4和C_3H_6。

Dual-radiation-chamber coordinated overall energy efficiency scheduling solution for ethylene cracking process regarding multi-parameter setting and multi-flow allocation

Ethylene cracking process is the core production process in ethylene industry,and is paid more attention to reduce high energy consumption.Because of the interdependent relationships between multi-flow allocation and multi-parameter setting in cracking process,it is difficult to find the overall energy efficiency scheduling for the purpose of saving energy.The traditional scheduling solutions with optimal economic benefit are not applicable for energy efficiency scheduling issue due to the neglecting of recycle and lost energy,as well as critical operation parameters as coil outlet pressure(COP)and dilution ratio.In addition,the scheduling solutions mostly regard each cracking furnace as an elementary unit,regardless of the coordinated operation of internal dual radiation chambers(DRC).Therefore,to improve energy utilization and production operation,a novel energy efficiency scheduling solution for ethylene cracking process is proposed in this paper.Specifically,steam heat recycle and exhaust heat loss are considered in cracking process based on 6 types of extreme learning machine(ELM)based cracking models incorporating DRC operation and three operation parameters as coil outlet temperature(COT),COP,and dilution ratio according to semi-mechanism analysis.Then to provide long-term decision-making basis for energy efficiency scheduling,overall energy efficiency indexes,including overall output per unit net energy input(OONE),output-input ratio per unit net energy input(ORNE),exhaust gas heat loss ratio(EGHL),are designed based on input-output analysis in terms of material and energy flows.Finally,a multiobjective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition(MOEA/D)is employed to solve the formulated multi-objective mixed-integer nonlinear programming(MOMINLP)model.The validities of the proposed scheduling solution are illustrated through a case study.The scheduling results demonstrate that an optimal balance between multi-flow allocation,multi-parameter setting,and DRC coordinated operation is reached,which achieves 3.37%and 2.63%decreases in net energy input for same product output and conversion ratio,as well as the 1.56%decrease in energy loss ratio.

Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium of Ethylene ＋ Mesitylene System and Process Simulation for Ethylene Recovery

The amount of ethylene in refinery off-gas is high with a mass fraction of 20%,but the refinery off-gas is usually used as fuel gas in most refineries.The separation and recovery of ethylene is of remarkable significance for saving energy and reducing carbon dioxide emission.The aim of this paper is to use a novel absorbent mesitylene for the ethylene absorption process and assess its application feasibility through the ethylene + mesitylene vapor-liquid equilibrium data measurement and its binary interaction parameter correlation,as well as the simulation for ethylene separation process.

Commercial Application of CPP for Producing Ethylene and Propylene from Heavy Oil Feed

A new process named CPP (Catalytic Pyrolysis Process) for producing ethylene andpropylene from heavy oil feedstock has been developed. The catalyst CEP was specially designedfor this process, which has bi-functional catalytic activities for both carbonium ion reaction andfree radical reaction, so as to maximize the yields of ethylene and propylene. The commercial trialshowed that the yield of ethylene and propylene was 20.37% and 18.23% respectively inmaximum ethylene operation with Daqing AR as feedstock, and the yield of ethylene and propylenewas 9.77% and 24.60% respectively in maximum propylene operation by using the same feedstock.Compared with steam cracker, the feed cost of CPP is much lower for producing ethylene andpropylene.

EG-EGDA分离萃取剂的筛选及其萃取工艺模拟

乙酸与乙二醇(EG)的直接酯化法是合成乙二醇二乙酸酯(EGDA)的常用方法,然而,针对产物体系中EG-EGDA共沸物分离萃取剂的选择研究较少.利用COSMO-SAC模型,评价了萃取剂甲苯、邻二甲苯、间二甲苯、乙苯对EG-EGDA体系的萃取效果.结果表明,四种萃取剂萃取性能遵循乙苯>间二甲苯>甲苯>邻二甲苯规律,乙苯的表面屏蔽电荷主要分布在非极性区,同时具有较大的峰面积,表明乙苯萃取分离共沸体系的能力最强.使用Othmer-Tobias和Hand方程对相平衡数据的可靠性进行验证,相关系数R 2均大于0.99.以乙苯为萃取剂,采用Aspen Plus软件对萃取分离EG-EGDA的工艺进行模拟优化,结果表明,萃取塔最佳塔板数为4,最佳进料为250 kg/h.回收塔最佳塔板数为7,最佳进料板位置为4,溶剂回收塔的摩尔回流比为2.5,在最优工艺参数下,得到EGDA的回收率为98.15%,模拟结果为分离EG-EGDA的工业研究提供了理论基础.

煤基乙二醇加氢精制技术探究

以乙二醇精馏塔的塔釜料为原料,采用自制的PEG-19催化剂进行乙二醇加氢精制,优化了乙二醇加氢精制的工艺条件,考察了PEG-19催化剂的稳定性,并对精制分馏后的产品进行分析。实验结果表明,PEG-19催化剂乙二醇加氢精制活性高、稳定性好,可用于乙二醇加氢精制工艺。在405 K、4.0 MPa、LHSV 0.5 h^(-1)、氢液体积比100条件下,乙二醇原料经精制后醛含量小于8.0 mg/L,产物经精馏后可以满足国标中乙二醇产品醛含量和透光率的要求,加氢精制可有效提高产品的透光率。

ADP/A-SEP复配体系对EVA/MPE线缆复合材料的改性研究

采用乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷(A151)对海泡石(SEP)进行表面处理制得A-SEP,并同二乙基次磷酸铝(ADP)复配用作乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)/茂金属聚乙烯(MPE)线缆复合材料的阻燃改性剂。考察了ADP/A-SEP复配体系组成对EVA/MPE线缆复合材料拉伸性能、阻燃性能和加工流动性的影响。结果表明,ADP虽能明显改善EVA/MPE线缆复合材料的阻燃性能,但对拉伸性能负面影响较大。A-SEP同ADP具有较好的协效阻燃效果,且能够同时改善EVA/MPE线缆复合材料的拉伸性能。当ADP添加量为25%、A-SEP添加量为3%时,EVA/MPE线缆复合材料的拉伸强度与断裂伸长率分别为11.43 MPa和689%;极限氧指数(LOI)达到32%,初始热降解温度和残炭率分别为352.89℃和5.75%,体积电阻率为2.63×10^(13)Ω·cm。此外A-SEP添加量不超过3%时,其对EVA/MPE/线缆复合材料的加工流动性影响不大。

乙烯气相法制醋酸乙烯Pd-Au催化剂研究进展

醋酸乙烯(VAc)是重要的化工原料,具有良好的应用价值。随着光伏行业的迅速发展以及环保要求的提升,我国对高品质醋酸乙烯(即乙烯气相法醋酸乙烯)的需求逐年增加,开发高催化活性、高目标产物选择性、高稳定性以及低成本的乙烯气相法制醋酸乙烯Pd-Au催化剂具有重要意义。首先,综述了乙烯气相法制醋酸乙烯催化剂的发展,概述了Pd-Au催化剂的载体、活性组分以及醋酸钾助剂的作用,分析了乙烯气相法制醋酸乙烯的两种反应机理和Pd-Au催化剂的失活原因,阐述了由浸渍法制得蛋壳型Pd-Au催化剂的制备过程。然后,总结了研究者为进一步提高催化性能、降低催化剂成本在催化剂改进方面的研究成果,包括载体改性和异型化,以及活性组分的浸渍、陈化、还原、水洗及干燥等步骤的改进。最后,提出了未来乙烯气相法醋酸乙烯催化剂的研究方向。

乙烯装置冷箱工艺技术提升措施

冷箱是乙烯装置的重要过程设备之一,对质量可靠性的要求很高,其运行的好坏直接影响着乙烯装置的长周期安全稳定运行。冷箱的工艺设计和传热设计非常关键,需要给予足够的重视。通过调研国内乙烯装置冷箱在操作和运行中所遇到的问题,归纳冷箱在工程设计中面临的难点和要点,总结冷箱工艺设计技术,并提出了工艺优化的各项建议措施,对乙烯装置中深冷分离单元的工艺设计和操作具有一定指导意义。

采出水中乙二醇回收工艺模拟与能耗优化

针对当前采出水中乙二醇回收工艺存在运行效率低、能耗高的问题,结合HYSYS工艺软件建立了稳态模拟流程,基于控制变量法,分析了不同工艺参数对能耗和乙二醇损失量的影响,并结合现场实际工况对换热流程进行了优化。结果表明,贫液浓度、再沸器操作压力、回流比与总能耗呈正相关;再生塔进料温度、冷凝器操作压力与总能耗呈负相关。确定进料温度为70℃,进料位置为第15块塔板,再沸器和冷凝器的操作压力分别为140 kPa、100 kPa时,可以满足贫液浓度的需求且能耗较低。建议将塔顶气相中的热量充分利用,优化流程只需新增一个塔顶气/富液换热器,优化后每年可减少运行成本17.16万元,投资回收期为2.33 a。

天然气制乙二醇工艺的模拟与改进优化研究

为提高合成乙二醇(EG)的纯度,减少能源消耗,利用Aspen Plus模拟软件对EG工艺精制段进行模拟和优化。结果表明:(1)利用隔壁塔(DWC)代替常规的双共沸精馏塔对乙二醇、丁二醇(BD)二元体系进行共沸精馏,得到隔壁塔的最佳工艺参数为:原料进料位置25板块、共沸剂进料位置6板块、回流比为5。(2)在隔壁塔最佳工艺参数下,隔壁塔共沸精馏制备的EG纯度与双共沸精馏塔相同,均为99.91%,分离效果较好,同时,可降低能耗44.1%。通过隔壁塔对天然气制乙二醇工艺进行改进,可保证目标产物EG的纯度和产量,并降低能耗。

A New Fuzzy Clustering-Ranking Algorithm and Its Application in Process Alarm Management

Overmany alarms of modern chemical process give the operators many difficulties to decision and diag- nosis. In order to ensure safe production and process operating, management and optimization of alarm information are challenge work that must be confronted. A new process alarm management method based on fuzzy clustering- ranking algorithm is proposed. The fuzzy clustering algorithm is used to cluster rationally the process variables, and difference driving decision algorithm ranks different clusters and process parameters in every cluster. The alarm signal of higher rank is handled preferentially to manage effectively alarms and avoid blind operation. The validity of proposed algorithm and solution is verified by the practical application of ethylene cracking furnace system. It is an effective and dependable alarm management method to improve operating safety in industrial process.

Study of Total Process Energy Integration

1 INTRODUCTIONIt is known that a process system,typically a chemical process system,is composed of subsystemsof reaction,separation,heat recovery and utility with strong interactions among them.In thepast,in order to reduce the complexity of the problem,the decomposition strategy was oftenused in process energy analysis and optimization design.According to the decomposition strategy,analysis and optimization of a system are performed heuristically in several steps which

煤制乙二醇主要工艺单元技术新进展

在碳达峰、碳中和目标下,实现煤化工行业高质量发展是当务之急。从我国建成世界上第一套煤制乙二醇工业化示范装置开始,煤制乙二醇迎来了井喷式的大发展。本文对草酸酯催化加氢制乙二醇技术主要单元的技术和工艺进行了总结和梳理,着重分析了催化剂和工艺操作注意事项,以期为业内提供一些参考,共同促进煤制乙二醇行业的技术进步和发展。

数字孪生智能乙烯工厂研究与构建

数字孪生被认为是实践智能制造与工业互联网等战略、实现信息世界与物理世界交互集成的有效技术手段,备受学术界和企业界的关注,尤其数字孪生的落地应用更是关注热点。基于中国石化数字孪生智能乙烯工厂的开发及工业应用工作,首先阐述了石化数字孪生智能工厂的定义及总体架构。其次,基于复杂原料百万吨级乙烯成套技术,研究提出了“成套技术成果软件化、工程建设交付数字化、石化工厂运营智能化”融合创新的数字孪生智能乙烯工厂构建思路以及相应的关键技术。数字孪生智能乙烯工厂为中国石化智能工厂3.0建设提供了宝贵经验,为进一步推广到芳烃产业链、煤化工产业链、炼油产业链的核心装置,推动石化工业的高质量发展奠定了基础。

数字孪生智能乙烯工厂工业互联网平台的设计与构建

当前,由于工业互联网等的发展,数字孪生的实现已逐渐成为可能。本文提出了智能乙烯工厂工业互联网平台总体架构,阐述如何从技术服务、数据服务、业务服务和工业应用软件(APP)四个方面开展数字孪生智能乙烯工厂工业互联网平台的构建。以中科炼化智能乙烯工厂实践为例,阐述了工业互联网平台如何支撑乙烯装置资源高效利用、生产操控优化、设备可靠运行和安全环保低碳等业务应用的灵活开发和快速迭代。数字孪生智能乙烯工厂工业互联网平台为石化企业工业互联网平台边缘层的建设提供了宝贵经验,为进一步推广到石化核心装置、实现行业核心装置全域智能运行奠定了基础。

S-SEBS静电纺丝纳米纤维膜的制备及力学性能

利用静电纺丝,将磺化氢化聚苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯三嵌段共聚物(S-SEBS)溶解于四氢呋喃(THF)中纺丝制备S-SEBS纳米纤维膜,探究了纺丝液质量百分浓度、纺丝电压对纤维形貌的影响,并进一步探究磺化度对纤维膜力学性能及表面静态接触角的影响。通过扫描电镜(SEM)观察纤维形貌,计算纤维平均直径,对磺化度与力学性能之间的关系进行分析讨论。结果表明,在纺丝液质量百分浓度为5%,纺丝电压为10 kV,滚筒接收的条件下,能得到连续、分布均匀的纤维,纤维平均直径为0.84μm。磺化度对纤维膜力学性能有显著影响,随着磺化度增加,力学性能先增强,之后逐渐下降。