Quantitative estimation of fertilizer requirements can help to increase maize （Zea mays L.） yields and improve the fertilizer use efficiency. The model for the Quantitative Evaluation of the Fertility of Tropical So...Quantitative estimation of fertilizer requirements can help to increase maize （Zea mays L.） yields and improve the fertilizer use efficiency. The model for the Quantitative Evaluation of the Fertility of Tropical Soils （QUEFTS） was calibrated for maize by use of soil fertility data and fertilizer trials at different sites of the Huang Huai Hai river plain in China. The QUEFTS model accounts for interactions between nitrogen （N）, phosphorus （P） and potassium （K）. It describes the effects of soil characteristics on maize yields in four steps： （1） assessment of the potential supply of N, P and K based on soil chemical data; （2） calculation of the actual uptake of N, P and K, in function of the potential supply as determined in step 1 ; （3） draft the yield ranges as a function of the actual uptake of N, P and K as determined in step 2; （4） calculation of the maize yield based on the three yield ranges established in step 3. Data of field experiments with different fertilization treatments of various regions in China during the years of 1985 to 1995 were used to calibrate the QUEFTS model for summer maize. In step 1 the N, P and K recovered from their amount applied were described by new equations. The minimum and maximum accumulated N, P and K （kg grain kg^-1） in summer maize were determined as （21-64）, （126-384） and （20-90）, respectively. The simulated yields were in good agreement with the observed ones. It was concluded that the calibrated and adjusted QUEFTS model could be useful to improve fertilizer recommendations for maize in the Huang Huai Hai plain of China.展开更多
水分和氮肥是制约旱地农业生产的重要因素。基于2013—2022年内蒙古自治区突泉春玉米发育期、单产和田间管理数据,对农业生产系统模型(agricultural production system simulator,APSIM)调参验证;基于验证后的模型,结合1981—2022年突...水分和氮肥是制约旱地农业生产的重要因素。基于2013—2022年内蒙古自治区突泉春玉米发育期、单产和田间管理数据,对农业生产系统模型(agricultural production system simulator,APSIM)调参验证;基于验证后的模型,结合1981—2022年突泉气象数据,设计不同水分亏缺程度下水氮管理情景,以春玉米单产、水氮用量和效率为指标,提出春玉米最优水氮管理措施,并分析不同降水年型下春玉米适宜灌溉量和施氮量。结果表明:APSIM对春玉米出苗-开花日数、出苗-成熟日数和单产模拟值与实测值的归一化均方根误差分别为1.3%、1.2%和2.8%,APSIM可定量模拟春玉米发育期和单产。综合春玉米单产、灌溉量、施氮量、水分生产力和氮肥农学效率,最优管理措施为0~100 cm土壤剖面深度下水分亏缺程度为60%时补充灌溉,灌溉量为171.0 mm,施氮量为197.8 kg·hm^(-2)。当春玉米生长季降水量为200~400、401~600 mm和601~800 mm时,适宜的灌溉量分别为233.0~283.5、110.5~148.4 mm和125.0~155.0 mm,施氮量分别为176.9~219.3、218.3~241.5 kg·hm^(-2)和211.8~249.9 kg·hm^(-2)。展开更多
采用整株生测法测定了11种土壤封闭处理除草剂对大豆(淮豆13、淮豆17、淮豆21)和玉米(苏玉27、苏玉42、郑单958)的安全性以及对淮安地区大豆-玉米带状复合种植田常见杂草生物活性的影响。结果表明,药后21 d,吡氟酰草胺、精异丙甲草胺、...采用整株生测法测定了11种土壤封闭处理除草剂对大豆(淮豆13、淮豆17、淮豆21)和玉米(苏玉27、苏玉42、郑单958)的安全性以及对淮安地区大豆-玉米带状复合种植田常见杂草生物活性的影响。结果表明,药后21 d,吡氟酰草胺、精异丙甲草胺、二甲戊灵、噻吩磺隆、苯嘧磺草胺、乙草胺、氟噻草胺、乙氧氟草醚、丙炔氟草胺、砜吡草唑、唑嘧磺草胺播后苗前喷雾处理对大豆(淮豆13、淮豆17、淮豆21)、玉米(苏玉27、苏玉42、郑单958)的出苗及幼苗生长无明显抑制作用,对2种作物安全;960 g/L精异丙甲草胺EC 1396.8 g a.i./hm^(2)、50%乙草胺EC 272.25 g a.i./hm^(2)对稗、马唐和狗尾草的抑制率均达95%及以上;70%苯嘧磺草胺WDG 21 g a.i./hm^(2)、50%丙炔氟草胺WP 37.5 g a.i./hm^(2)、80%唑嘧磺草胺WDG 48 g a.i./hm^(2)对鳢肠、反枝苋的抑制率均达91%以上;41%氟噻草胺SC 369 g a.i./hm^(2)、40%砜吡草唑SC 144 g a.i./hm^(2)对稗、马唐、狗尾草、鳢肠、反枝苋的抑制率均达93%以上。展开更多
基金This study was financed by the National Key Technologies R&D 863 Project(2003AA209030)the Ministry of Agriculture 948 project(2003-253),P.R.China.
文摘Quantitative estimation of fertilizer requirements can help to increase maize （Zea mays L.） yields and improve the fertilizer use efficiency. The model for the Quantitative Evaluation of the Fertility of Tropical Soils （QUEFTS） was calibrated for maize by use of soil fertility data and fertilizer trials at different sites of the Huang Huai Hai river plain in China. The QUEFTS model accounts for interactions between nitrogen （N）, phosphorus （P） and potassium （K）. It describes the effects of soil characteristics on maize yields in four steps： （1） assessment of the potential supply of N, P and K based on soil chemical data; （2） calculation of the actual uptake of N, P and K, in function of the potential supply as determined in step 1 ; （3） draft the yield ranges as a function of the actual uptake of N, P and K as determined in step 2; （4） calculation of the maize yield based on the three yield ranges established in step 3. Data of field experiments with different fertilization treatments of various regions in China during the years of 1985 to 1995 were used to calibrate the QUEFTS model for summer maize. In step 1 the N, P and K recovered from their amount applied were described by new equations. The minimum and maximum accumulated N, P and K （kg grain kg^-1） in summer maize were determined as （21-64）, （126-384） and （20-90）, respectively. The simulated yields were in good agreement with the observed ones. It was concluded that the calibrated and adjusted QUEFTS model could be useful to improve fertilizer recommendations for maize in the Huang Huai Hai plain of China.
文摘采用整株生测法测定了11种土壤封闭处理除草剂对大豆(淮豆13、淮豆17、淮豆21)和玉米(苏玉27、苏玉42、郑单958)的安全性以及对淮安地区大豆-玉米带状复合种植田常见杂草生物活性的影响。结果表明,药后21 d,吡氟酰草胺、精异丙甲草胺、二甲戊灵、噻吩磺隆、苯嘧磺草胺、乙草胺、氟噻草胺、乙氧氟草醚、丙炔氟草胺、砜吡草唑、唑嘧磺草胺播后苗前喷雾处理对大豆(淮豆13、淮豆17、淮豆21)、玉米(苏玉27、苏玉42、郑单958)的出苗及幼苗生长无明显抑制作用,对2种作物安全;960 g/L精异丙甲草胺EC 1396.8 g a.i./hm^(2)、50%乙草胺EC 272.25 g a.i./hm^(2)对稗、马唐和狗尾草的抑制率均达95%及以上;70%苯嘧磺草胺WDG 21 g a.i./hm^(2)、50%丙炔氟草胺WP 37.5 g a.i./hm^(2)、80%唑嘧磺草胺WDG 48 g a.i./hm^(2)对鳢肠、反枝苋的抑制率均达91%以上;41%氟噻草胺SC 369 g a.i./hm^(2)、40%砜吡草唑SC 144 g a.i./hm^(2)对稗、马唐、狗尾草、鳢肠、反枝苋的抑制率均达93%以上。
