Triboluminescence of A New Europate Complex

A new europium (Ⅲ) complex Eu(HFNH) 3Phen (HFNH: 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6-heptafluoro-1-(2-naphthyl)hexane-1,3-dione; phen: 1,10-phenanthroline) was synthesized and its triboluminescent phenomenon was observed. Photoluminescence and triboluminescence spectra were successfully determined. The most intense triboluminescent emission originates from the transition of the central Eu 3+ ion from 5D 0 level to 7F 2 level. The triboluminescent spectrum is basically similar to that of photoluminescence, which correlates with the disorders of F atoms.

Comparison of bone artifacts from the Schöningen site in Germany and the Lingjing site in China

Similarities play an important role in the reconstruction of human physical,cultural and technological evolution.The two sites presented in this paper,the Middle Palaeolithic site Lingjing in China Layer 10 and 11 and the Lower Palaeolithic site Schöningen 13Ⅱ-4,the socalled Schöningen Spear Horizon in Germany,show striking similarities.The archaeological record of both sites includes lithic artifacts as well as a very large assemblage of fossil bones.The preservation of the material at both sites is excellent and the faunas encountered at both sites show many similarities.The faunal lists of both sites include a diverse carnivore guild,an elephant species,two different rhinoceros species,two different equids,different cervids and large bovids.Both sites also yielded bone retouchers as well as a unique record of bone hammers that show identical,unusual flaking and percussion damage.These similarities are remarkable if one takes into account the difference in age(ca 200 kaBP)and the geographical distance between the two sites of ca 8000 km.Therefore,we do not assume a close cultural link between the hominin populations active at both sites.The authors assume that the observed similarities show more or less identical,opportunistic hominin behaviour at both sites located in a comparable environment with more or less similar taphonomic conditions.

Temporal Variability of Tropospheric NO_(2) over Cities in the United States,Western Europe and China from 2005 to 2022

Anthropogenic Nitrogen oxides(NO_(x)=NO_(2)+NO)emissions are highly concentrated in urban area,and the weekly cycles,seasonal patterns and long-term trends of tropospheric NO_(2) columns over cities differ from region to region due to different emission sectoral compositions and human activities.In this study,we used satellite observed tropospheric NO_(2) column data to compare the longand short-term NO_(2) column density time series over cities in the United Sates(the U.S.),western Europe and China.The results showed that in all the targeted cities,the outbreak of the Corona Virus Disease in 2019(COVID-19)moved the December peak of the city-level NO_(2)columns forward to November and October or even earlier in 2020 and 2021.On weekly level,cities in the U.S.show the lowest NO_(2) columns ratio on weekend/work day,then come the western European cities,and a weak weekly pattern is seen in Chinese cities.For all the cites,we find a higher weekend/work day NO_(2) ratio in cold seasons than in warm seasons,indicating a higher contribution from NOx emission sectors of residential,industry and power plants in the warm seasons.In the long-term,NO_(2) columns over the U.S.and western European cities declined by a fraction twice that of the regional mean level from 2004 to 2021.In China,NO_(2) columns started to decrease since 2012,at a similar rate between the city and regional level.This work confirms the importance to quantify and control NOx emissions from cities.

44%of steep slope cropland in Europe vulnerable to drought

Steep-slope cropland plays a vital role in food production,economic development,ecosystem diversity,and Eu-ropean cultural heritage.However,these systems are susceptible to extreme weather events.The 2022 summer drought significantly impacted European agriculture,but the specific effects on steep-slope crops remain uncer-tain.Clarifying this is essential for comprehending similar future events and for implementing effective water management strategies to ensure the sustainability of steep-slope agriculture and associated ecosystem services.This study quantitatively analyzes the spatial distribution of twelve major European steep-slope(>12%)crops and assesses agricultural drought severity during the 2022 events using open-access spatial data.The satellite-based Vegetation Health Index(VHI)is utilized to identify critical hotspots.Results show that olive grove is the most widespread crop in steep slope agriculture(34%of total area),followed by wheat(24%),maize(16%),and vineyard(11%).Almost half of the steep-slope agriculture in Europe suffered drought during summer 2022.Vineyards were hardest affected at 79%,primarily in northern Portugal,northern Spain,southern France,and central Italy.Sunflowers followed at 62%,mainly in Spain,central Italy,southern France,and northern Roma-nia.Olive groves ranked third at 59%,with the most impact in northern Portugal,southern and central Spain,and southern Italy.Maize was also significantly affected at 54%.In this paper,we therefore highlight the need to increase steep-slope agriculture resilience by improving water management and promoting sustainable land practices.

Hydrologic Response to Future Climate Change in the Dulong-Irra-waddy River Basin Based on Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6

Within the context of the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)and the China-Myanmar Economic Corridor(CMEC),the Dulong-Ir-rawaddy(Ayeyarwady)River,an international river among China,India and Myanmar,plays a significant role as both a valuable hydro-power resource and an essential ecological passageway.However,the water resources and security exhibit a high degree of vulnerabil-ity to climate change impacts.This research evaluates climate impacts on the hydrology of the Dulong-Irrawaddy River Basin(DIRB)by using a physical-based hydrologic model.We crafted future climate scenarios using the three latest global climate models(GCMs)from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6(CMIP6)under two shared socioeconomic pathways(SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5)for the near(2025-2049),mid(2050-2074),and far future(2075-2099).The regional model using MIKE SHE based on historical hydrologic processes was developed to further project future streamflow,demonstrating reliable performance in streamflow simulations with a val-idation Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency(NSE)of 0.72.Results showed that climate change projections showed increases in the annual precip-itation and potential evapotranspiration(PET),with precipitation increasing by 11.3%and 26.1%,and PET increasing by 3.2%and 4.9%,respectively,by the end of the century under SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5.These changes are projected to result in increased annual streamflow at all stations,notably at the basin’s outlet(Pyay station)compared to the baseline period(with an increase of 16.1%and 37.0%at the end of the 21st century under SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5,respectively).Seasonal analysis for Pyay station forecasts an in-crease in dry-season streamflow by 31.3%-48.9%and 22.5%-76.3%under SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5,respectively,and an increase in wet-season streamflow by 5.8%-12.6%and 2.8%-33.3%,respectively.Moreover,the magnitude and frequency of flood events are pre-dicted to escalate,potentially impacting hydropower production and food security significantly.This research outlines the hydrological response to future climate change during the 21st century and offers a scientific basis for the water resource management strategies by decision-makers.

Linkage Between European and East Asian Heatwaves on Synoptic Scales

Concurrent extreme weather events in geographically distant areas potentially cause high-end risks for societies.By using network analysis,the present study managed to identify significant nearly-simultaneous occurrences of heatwaves between the grid cells in East Asia and Eastern Europe,even though they are geographically far away from each other.By further composite analysis,this study revealed that hot events first occurred in Eastern Europe,typically with a time lag of3-4 days before the East Asian heatwave events.An eastward propagating atmospheric wave train,known as the circumglobal teleconnection(CGT)pattern,bridged the sequent occurrences of extreme events in these two remote regions.Atmospheric blockings,amplified by surface warming over Eastern Europe,not only enhanced local heat extremes but also excited a CGT-like pattern characterized by alternative anomalies of high and low pressures.Subsequent downstream anticyclones in the middle and upper troposphere reduced local cloud cover and increased downward solar radiation,thereby facilitating the formation of heatwaves over East Asia.Nearly half of East Asian heatwave events were preceded by Eastern European heatwave events in the 10-day time range before East Asian heatwave events.This investigation of heatwave teleconnection in the two distant regions exhibits strong potential to improve the prediction accuracy of East Asian heatwaves.

How Marie Sklodowska-Curie Doctoral Networks Can Support European Refractory Ecosystem in Context of The European Green Deal

The movement of the Iron&Steelmaking(I&S)industry towards Net-Zero emissions and digitalized processes through disruptive,breakthrough technologies will be achieved through the use of Hydrogen.The biggest challenge for the refractory industry is to continue to meet the performance expectations while,at the same time,moving to a more sustainable production direction.The complexity and urgency of these technological changes,highlighted by the European Green Deal,requires ambitious,international,interdisciplinary and intersectoral projects,bringing together institutes from across the global value chain,to carry out cutting edge research.The European Union,through its flagship doctoral training program,MSCA,has,and continues to support research and development as well as the promotion of the refractory industry in Europe.An introduction to two MSCA projects and some of the results achieved are highlighted within this article.

Reviewing the SAE Levels of Driving Automation and Research Gaps to Accelerate the Development of a Quantum-Safe CCAM Infrastructure

Based on a review of 28 Horizon Europe-funded CCAM projects, this paper studies the current state of Connected, Cooperative, and Automated Mobility (CCAM) and identifies significant research gaps in taxonomy, cybersecurity, Artificial Intelligence (AI) and 6G research, that hinder the advancement of a future-ready CCAM infrastructure. The research emphasizes the crucial role of infrastructure in achieving autonomous mobility, shifting focus from the current vehicle-centric approach. It critiques the SAE J3016 taxonomy for its lack of emphasis on infrastructure and proposes an updated framework with an automation level dedicated to infrastructure automation. The paper highlights the existential threats posed by Quantum Computers (QC) and AI, stressing the need for quantum-safe cybersecurity measures and an ethical, controllable AI framework proposing a decentralized Collective Artificial Super Intelligence (CASI) framework. Identifying the critical need for a cooperative approach involving Road and Transport Authorities (RTAs) to achieve 100% vehicle connectivity and robust digital infrastructure, the study outlines the European Commission’s Vision 2050 goals, aiming for zero fatalities, zero emissions, and sustainable mobility. The paper concludes by providing recommendations for future research directions to accelerate the development of a comprehensive, secure, and efficient CCAM ecosystem.

The Quality Evaluation of Two Chinese Leading Wheat Varieties in Europe Laboratory

[Objective] The objective was to research the quality evaluation of Chinese wheat variety which analyzed in Europe laboratory, discuss the quality analysis standard of different countries. [Method] Two leading varieties （Yangnong19, Jimai22） of Huanghuai wheat area from China were analyzed in Cra-w （Walloon Agricultural Research Centre）. [Result] Yannong19 corresponds to amuchstronger flour with a far better gluten quality. It could be used for bread making. It could also be used to produce good quality gluten. Jimai22 is not suitable for bread making but would probably be better for noodles production. [Conclusion] Protein results which come from NIR instrument are over estimating the content. This is probably due to the fact that Europe instruments are calibrated with European wheat.

Modernism in Europe and in China,taking Lukcs Brecht and Lu Xun as examples

Lukcs argues that modernist writers are preoccupied with formal experiment and fails to see their literary merits.Brecht criticizes Lukcs for not paying attention to class struggle and rejects the kind of formal unity admired by Lukcs.Lu Xun,like Brecht,insisted on the class nature of literature,emphasizing the fighting function of literature in a time when the nation was faced with Japanese invasion.

The Research on Whether Honda's Products Choose Uniformly in European Markets

The report will use the cultural factors to segment Honda's Europe market and how would Honda market its product in each segment.

基于PubMed的免费文献评价指标分析

以嵌合抗原受体(chimeric antigen receptor,CAR)T细胞为例,收集PubMed中截止2016年12月31日所有相关的研究型英文文献,分别记录每篇文献在WOS、PubMed Central(PMC)、Europe PubMed Central(EPMC)、Patent Lens(PL)的引用次数及其Altmetric得分(Altmetric attention score,AAS),并分析这些评价指标在文献中的分布情况。超过75%的EPMC高引用和PMC高引用文献同时也为WOS高引用文献;临床试验在高AAS文献中占最大比例;WOS高被引论文和WOS热点论文与所有高引用指标及高AAA文献分布不一致。PubMed来源的免费评价指标能呈现大部分WOS高引用文献,PL引用频次和AAS是评价文献的重要补充指标。

中西富贵人家西方奢侈品消费之同步--基于《红楼梦》的考察分析

16世纪至19世纪初的中国常常被喻为世界的白银蓄池。很多研究在讨论这一时期中西贸易时都倾向于强调商品的西流(商品从中国向欧洲、美洲流动)和白银的东流(白银从欧洲、美洲向中国流动)①,以及中国器物对欧洲社会、经济、文化发展的影响②。

Prostate cancer screening in Europe and Asia

Prostate cancer(PCa)is the second most common cancer among men worldwide and even ranks first in Europe.Although Asia is known as the region with the lowest PCa incidence,it has been rising rapidly over the last 20 years mostly due to the introduction of prostate-specific antigen(PSA)testing.Randomized PCa screening studies in Europe show a mortality reduction in favor of PSA-based screening but coincide with high proportions of unnecessary biopsies,overdiagnosis and subsequent overtreatment.Conclusive data on the value of PSA-based screening and hence the balance between harms and benefits in Asia is still lacking.Because of known racial variations,Asian countries should not directly apply the European screening models.Like in the western world also in Asia,new predictive markers,tools and risk stratification strategies hold great potential to improve the early detection of PCa and to reduce the worldwide existing negative aspects of PSA-based PCa screening.

Colorectal cancer screening in Europe

Colorectal cancer(CRC)is the second most frequent malignant disease in Europe.Every year,412 000people are diagnosed with this condition,and 207 000patients die of it.In 2003,recommendations forscreening programs were issued by the Council of the European Union(EU),and these currently serve as thebasis for the preparation of European guidelines forCRC screening.The manner in which CRC screening iscarried out varies significantly from country to countrywithin the EU,both in terms of organization and thescreening test chosen.A screening program of onesort or another has been implemented in 19 of 27 EUcountries.The most frequently applied method is testing stool for occult bleeding(fecal occult blood test,FOBT).In recent years,a screening colonoscopy hasbeen introduced,either as the only method(Poland)orthe method of choice(Germany,Czech Republic).

Prevalence of anal fistula in the United Kingdom

BACKGROUND Anal fistula is a pathological connection between the anal canal and perianal skin, which most commonly develops from an infected anal crypt. While the majority of anal fistulas are idiopathic, they are also associated with Crohn’s disease (CD) and other inflammatory conditions. The prevalence of anal fistula is estimated to be 1-2 per 10000 patients, but population-based studies on anal fistula epidemiology are limited and outdated. AIM To assess the prevalence of anal fistula and relevant comorbidities, with and without CD in the United Kingdom and Europe. METHODS A retrospective population-representative observational cohort study was performed in The Health Improvement Network (THIN), a United Kingdom primary care database. Mid-year point prevalence of anal fistula was calculated on the first of July for each year between 2014 and 2017. Estimates were calculated for anal fistula overall and by CD status and standardized to the United Kingdom and European population. Prevalence of relevant comorbidities including lymphogranuloma venereum, hidradenitis suppurativa, anal presentation of sexually transmitted diseases, diabetes mellitus, and radiation in the pelvic area was reported. RESULTS The United Kingdom-standardized overall point prevalence of anal fistula was 1.80 (95%CI: 1.65-1.94) per 10000 patients in 2017, while the Europe standardized estimate was 1.83 (95%CI: 1.68-1.98) per 10000 patients. Both these standardized point prevalence estimates ranged from 1.89 to 2.36 between 2014-2016. The United Kingdom-standardized point prevalence of anal fistula without CD was 1.35 (95%CI: 1.23-1.48) per 10000 patients, while the Europe-standardized estimate was 1.39 (95%CI: 1.26-1.52) per 10000 patients. In contrast, the standardized point prevalence estimate of anal fistula with CD was lower for both United Kingdom and Europe (0.44;95%CI United Kingdom: 0.37-0.52, 95%CI Europe: 0.37-0.51) per 10000 patients in 2017. In 2017, 19% of anal fistula patients without CD and 13% of anal fistula patients with CD had at least one relevant comorbidity. These results show that anal fistulas are infrequent in the general population. 24.5% of prevalent anal fistulas are associated with CD, but other potentially etiological comorbidities are rare. CONCLUSION This real-world evidence study estimated the United Kingdom-standardized prevalence of anal fistula was 1.80 per 10000 patients in 2017. Approximately 25% of cases may be associated with CD, while other comorbidities are rare.

The national forest inventory in China:history-results-international context

Background： National forest resource assessments Inventories （NFI＇s）, constitute an important nationa and monitoring, commonly known as National Forest information infrastructure in many countries. Methods： This study presents details about developments of the NFI in China, including sampling and plot design and the uses of alternative data sources, and specifically · reviews the evolution of the national forest inventory in China through the 20th and 21st centuries, with some reference to Europe and the US; · highlights the emergence of some common international themes： consistency of measurement; sampling designs; implementation of improved technology; expansion of the variables monitored more efficient scientific transparency;· presents an example of how China＇s expanding NFI exemplifies these global trends. Results： Main results and important changes in China＇s NFI are documented, both to support continued trend analysis and to provide data users with historical perspective. Conclusions： New technologies and data needs ensure that the Chinese NFI, like the national inventories in other countries, will continue to evolve. Within the context of historical change and current conditions, likely directions for this evolution are suggested.

Epidemiologic characteristics of Helicobacter pylori infection in southeast Hungary

BACKGROUND Epidemiologic studies have revealed a decrease in the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection in Western Europe.AIM To obtain data regarding the prevalence of H.pylori in Csongrád and Békés Counties in Hungary,evaluate the differences in its prevalence between urban and rural areas,and establish factors associated with positive seroprevalence.METHODS One-thousand and one healthy blood donors[male/female:501/500,mean age:40(19–65)years]were enrolled in this study.Subjects were tested for H.pylori IgG antibody positivity via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Subgroup analysis by age,gender,smoking habits,alcohol consumption,and urban vs nonurban residence was also performed.RESULTS The overall seropositivity of H.pylori was 32%.It was higher in males(34.93%vs 29.2%,P=0.0521)and in rural areas(36.2%vs 27.94%,P=0.0051).Agricultural/industrial workers were more likely to be positive for infection than office workers(38.35%vs 30.11%,P=0.0095)and rural subjects in Békés County than those in Csongrád County(43.36%vs 33.33%,P=0.0015).CONCLUSION Although the prevalence of H.pylori infection decreased in recent decades in Southeast Hungary,it remains high in middle-aged rural populations.Generally accepted risk factors for H.pylori positivity appeared to be valid for the studied population.

A brief history of the Rheic Ocean

The Rheic Ocean was one of the most important oceans of the Paleozoic Era. It lay between Laurentia and Gondwana from the Early Ordovician and closed to produce the vast Ouachita- Alleghanian-Variscan orogen during the assembly of Pangea. Rifting began in the Cambrian as a continua- tion of Neoproterozoic orogenic activity and the ocean opened in the Early Ordovician with the separation of several Neoproterozoic arc terranes from the continental margin of northern Gondwana along the line of a former suture. The rapid rate of ocean opening suggests it was driven by slab pull in the outboard Iapetus Ocean. The ocean reached its greatest width with the closure of Iapetus and the accretion of the peri- Gondwanan arc terranes to Laurentia in the Silurian. Ocean closure began in the Devonian and continued through the Mississippian as Gondwana sutured to Laurussia to form Pangea. The ocean consequently plays a dominant role in the Appalachian-Ouachita orogeny of North America, in the basement geology of southern Europe, and in the Paleozoic sedimentary, structural and tectonothermal record from Middle America to the Middle East. Its closure brought the Paleozoic Era to an end.

Downscaling and Disaggregating NAO-conflict Nexus in Pre-industrial Europe

Recently, the desiccation effect of the North Atlantic Oscillation(NAO) is found to be positively correlated with violent conflict in pre-industrial Europe, with agricultural shrinkage and its subsequent economic shocks to be their causal link. However, it remains unexplored whether the correlation persists if the study period is extended backward in time, a different definition of violent conflict is applied, or the relationship is examined at lower geographic levels. In this study, we based on 835 internal disturbance incidents in Europe during 1049–1800 to conduct long-temporal and multi-scalar examination on the NAO-conflict nexus. ′Time-series′ and ′panel data′ disaggregation approaches, together with Granger Causality, Multiple Regression, and Survival Analyses were applied to verify the nexus quantitatively. Results show that the positive NAO-conflict correlation was significant at the continent and physiographic zone levels. During the positive NAO phases, the annual probability of internal disturbance outbreak increased by 70.0% in the southern Europe and the Mediterranean, a zone most affected by the NAO-induced desiccation effect. Yet, the NAO-conflict correlation was rather inconsistent when it was downscaled to the sub-regional level. Moreover, the NAO-conflict correlation was inflated under the time-series approach, while the panel data approach demonstrated the region-specific nature of the NAO forcing more clearly. The associated implications in examining climate-conflict nexus are discussed. Our findings may be crucial in examining violent conflict in the northwestern Africa, a highly agricultural region affected by the NAO.