Effect of Ti on microstructure and properties of electromagnetic stirred Al-18wt.%Mg_(2)Si alloy

By adding different amounts of Ti into the electromagnetic stirred Al-18wt.%Mg_(2)Si alloy,the effect of Ti element on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the alloy was studied.The experimental results show that the microstructure is refined after modification with Ti,which is related to the heterogeneous nucleation of TiAl_(3) particles on theα-Al matrix.With the increase of Ti content and holding time after stirring,the primary Mg_(2)Si phase is refined firstly and then coarsened,and correspondingly,the mechanical properties of the alloy show a trend of increasing at first and then decreasing.When the addition of Ti is 0.5wt.%and the holding time is about 20 min,the refinement effect of primary Mg_(2)Si phase is the most significant and the mechanical properties of the alloy are optimal.

Microstructure Characteristics of Interaction Layer of Zn-Al Eutectic Alloy with Al_2O_3p/6061Al Composites

The interaction between Zn-AI eutectic alloy and Al203p/6061AI composites in the vacuum furnace was investigated. Great attention has been paid to the elements diffusion, the microstructure and formation of the interface between Zn-AI eutectic alloy and Al2O3p/6061AI composites. Experimental results show that Zn-AI eutectic alloy has a good wetting ability to Al2O3p/6061 Al composites and the wetting angle decreases with increasing the temperature in vacuum. After the interaction, an interaction layer forms between Zn-AI alloy and Al2O3p/6061 Al composites. The phases in the interaction layer mainly consist of α-AI(Zn), Al2O3 and CuZn5 resulted from the diffusion of elements from the Zn-AI alloy. Several porosities distribute in the region near the interface of the Zn-AI alloy/interaction layer. The amount of shrinkage voids in the interacting layer is relevant to the penetration of Zn element into Al2O3p/6061Al composites which is a function of temperature. So it is necessary to lower heating temperature in order to limit the Zn penetration.

Effects of ZrO_2 Nanoparticles on the Microstructure and Thermal-protective Properties of PEO Coating on Al-12.5%Si Alloy

PEO ceramic coatings including ZrO_2-Al_2O_3-SiO_2 in three phases were prepared on an Al-12.5%Si alloy in electrolyte solutions containing ZrO_2 nanoparticles. The microstructures and phases of the coatings were analyzed by SEM and XRD, and the heat insulation performance and the thermal shock resistance of the coatings were investigated. The compactness of the coating increased significantly and the hindrance of the Si element on plasma electrolytic oxidation process was effectively weakened. The growth rate of the coating was improved substantially with the addition of ZrO_2 nanoparticles. The PEO ceramic coatings are primarily composed of SiO_2 and high temperature steady phases such as a-Al_2O_3 and c-ZrO_2. Both the content of c-ZrO_2 and the heat-insulating property of the coating increased significantly. The ceramic coatings with special microstructure and composition formed in the solutions containing ZrO_2 nanoparticles possess excellent heat insulation performance and thermal shock resistance.

Effects of Yttrium Ion on Formation Mechanism of ZrO_2-Y_2O_3 Ceramic Coatings Formed by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation on Al-12Si Alloy

ZrO2-Y2O3 ceramic coating was produced by plasma electrolytic oxidation （PEO） on ZAlSil2Cu3Ni2 alloy. The microstructure and phase composition of the coating were investigated by SEM and XRD.： The results show that adding an appropriate amount of yttrium ion can improve the growing rate of ceramic coating at different oxidation stages and decrease arc voltage. The thickness of ZrO2-Y2O3 coating is 16 μn thicker than that of ZrO2 coating and the maximum oxidation rate improves by 0.6 μm/min. In addition, the arc voltage decreases from 227 to 172 V. It can be seen that the rate of oxidation firstly increases to some extent and then decreases with the content of yttrium ion increasing. The growth rate reaches the maximum while the content of yttrium ion is 0.05 g-L-1The maximum thickness is 90 μm.Compared to ZrO2 coating, the micropores of ZrO2-Y2O3 coating are less and the ceramic layer is repeatedly deposited by ZrO2 and Y2O3 ceramic particles. Meanwhile, the binding force between coating and substrate is better and the coating is uniform and compact. The ceramic layer is mainly composed of c-Y0.15Zr0.85O1.93□0.07, m-ZrO2, α-Al2O3, ,γ-Al2O3 and Y2O3. It is indicated that ZrO2 has beert fully stabilized by yttrium ion through the formation of solid solution.

Determination of critical parameters for dynamic recrystallization in Ti-6Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V alloy

The true stress-strain curves of Ti-6Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V alloy were achieved by a series of isothermal compression tests with height reduction of 60% under the deformation temperatures of 1073-1323 K and the strain rates of 0.01-10s 1.The critical conditions for the onset of DRX were attained when the value of d /d,where strain hardening rate d /d,reached the minimum which corresponds to an inflection of θ versus σ curve.Thus,two important potential parameters,critical strain and critical stress,were identified,and expressed as εc/εp=0.37-0.60,σc/σp=0.81-0.91.Furthermore,by the regression analysis for conventional hyperbolic sine equation,the main material parameters such as α,β,n,and DRX activation energy,Q,were calculated.In addition,the evolution of Q with strain rate and temperature was revealed as a 3D response surface.

Microstructure and mechanical properties of cast Ti-47Al-2Cr-2Nb alloy melted in various crucibles

The main factors limiting the mass production of TiAl-based components are the high reactivity of TiAl-based alloys with the crucible or mould at high temperature.In this work,various crucibles (e.g.CaO,Y2O3 ceramic crucibles and water-cooled copper crucible) were used to fabricate the Ti-47Al-2Cr-2Nb alloy in a vacuum induction furnace.The effects of crucible materials and melting parameters on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the alloy were analyzed by means of microstructure observation,chemical analysis,tensile test and fracture surface observation.The possibilities of melting TiAl alloys in crucibles made of CaO and Y2O3 refractory materials were also discussed.

Microstructure and Thermal-protective Property of CPED Coating with ZrO2 Nanoparticles Addition on Al-12Si Alloy

A novel thermal-protective coating has been successfully prepared by CPED process on a cast Al-12%Si alloy with the addition of ZrO2 nano-particles in the electrolyte. The microstructures and phase composition of the coatings were analyzed by SEM and XRD, and the heat insulation performance and the thermal shock resistance of the coatings were investigated. With ZrO2 nanoparticles addition, the cathode plasma discharge on the coating surface is more obvious than that without ZrO2 nanoparticles addition, the coating is more uniform and compact, and the thickness of the coating increases. Furthermore, the content of Zr and Y elements increases and the degree of crystallization of the coating is more complete. The formation of the solid solution of yttrium stabilized zirconia is promoted by cathode plasma discharge. In addition, the thermal insulation temperature increases as ZrO2 nano-particles are added to the electrolyte. After 1 000 cycles of thermal shock, there was no cracking in the coating surface layer, which indicated that the CPED coating with ZrO2 nanoparticles addition possessed a good thermal shock resistance.

Characterization of micro-arc ceramic coatings on Ti-2Al-2.5Zr alloy substrates

Titanium oxide coatings were synthesized on Ti-2Al-2.5Zr alloy substrates by micro-arc oxidation （MAO） technique. The surface features of the coatings were studied by scanning electron microscopy. The micro-arc discharge channels of the Ti-2Al-2.5Zr alloy decrease while the discharge channel size increases clearly with an increase in treating time. With an increase of the coating thickness the porous layer thickness increases apparently. Phase composition of the surface layers of the coatings was evaluated by X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results of XRD and XPS analysis show that the MAO coating mainly consists of anatase and rutile TiO2.

The Solidification Behavior of Mg-9Al-2Ca Alloy under Furnace Cooling

To understand the solidification pathway and microstructure evolution of Mg-9Al-2Ca alloy,the cooling curve of the alloy solidified under furnace cooling was measured and the water-quenched samples were observed.The experimental results show that the matrix phase of α-Mg dendrites is first generated at 596℃ during the solidification process,then the eutectic phases of Al_(2)Ca and Mg_(17)Al_(12) are formed at 518 and 447℃,respectively,and the solidification is terminated at 436℃.In the process of solidification,the seaweed dendrites of α-Mg get coarser and are gradually transformed into the global dendrites;besides,the secondary dendrite arms spacing(SDAS)of α-Mg as well as the solid fraction are both increased,while the increasing rate of SDAS of α-Mg and the solid fraction in the temperature region of 600-550℃ is faster than that in the temperature region of 550-436℃.And a power function relationship can be used to illustrate the change of the SDAS and the solid fraction with the temperature of solidification.

EFFECT OF HOMOGENIZATION PROCESSING ON MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF Ti-34Al-2Mn ALLOY

A γ-TiAl base alloy with the composition of Ti-34Al-2Mn（wt--%）was prepared by consum-able electrode arc-melting technique.The effect of homogenization processing following arc-melt-ing on its microstructure and mechanical properties was investigated.The emphases were placedon the microstructural evolution during solidification and homogenization,and the relationship be-tween microstructure and ductility.It has been determined that the samples annealed at 900℃for 20 h exhibit the best ductility compared with those treated at other temperatures up to 1100℃,and they have a mixed structure of equiaxed grain of γ-TiAl single phase and some prima-ry lamellar grains which include three types of interfaces,i.e.,α2/γ,/γ/γS,γ/γT,maintainingspecific orientaion relationships between both sides.The ductility improvement is believed to be as-sociated with existence of suitable amount of α2-Ti3Al phase and the refinement of grains ob-tained at 900℃.

The Dislocation Sub-structure Evolution during Hot Compressive Deformation of Ti-6Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V Alloy at 800℃

Hot compressive behaviors of Ti-6Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V alloy at 800℃, as well as the evolution of microstructure during deformation process, were investigated. The experimental results show that flow stress increases to a peak stress followed by a decease with increasing strain, and finally forms a stable stage. Dislocations are generated at the interface of αβ phase, and the phase interface and dislocation loops play an important role in impeding the movement of dislocation. As strain increasing, micro-deformation bands with high-density dislocation are formed, and dynamic recrystallizaton occurs finally. XRD Fourier analysis reveals that dislocation density increases followed by a decrease during compressive deformation, and falls into the range from 10^10 to 10^11 cm^-2.

Characteristics of Faigue Crack Initiation in Ti-5Al-4Sn-2Zr-1Mo-0.7Nd-0.25Si Alloy

The characteristics of fatigue crack initiation in Ti-5AI-4Sn-2Zr1Mo-O.7Nd-O.25Si alloy wereStudied. Two modes Of fatigue crack initiation were found. The Nd-rich phase particles displaybetter resistance to fatigue crack initiation than the matrix at lower stress.

不同温度下Al-Si共晶合金与Zr-2合金的相容性研究

用粉末冶金工艺制备了Al-Si共晶合金与Zr-2合金扩散偶,研究了不同等温热处理温度和时间条件下扩散偶的相容性。采用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)和X射线衍射(XRD)技术分析了扩散偶界面处的微观形貌和元素分布,讨论了扩散层形成机理。结果表明,环境温度及材料状态显著影响扩散偶之间的相容性。650℃时,液态Al-Si合金对Zr-2合金的浸润和扩散形成了较明显的以Zr3A1化合物为主的扩散层;560℃时,扩散元素之间仅产生固态扩散,形成的扩散层很薄;350℃时,扩散系数更小,几乎未发生扩散和形成扩散层,Al-Si共晶合金与Zr-2合金之间具有良好的相容性。

Effect of Gd on microstructure and refinement performance of Al-5Ti-B alloy

Al-5Ti-B and Al-5Ti-B-Gd master alloy refiners were fabricated by fluorine salt casting method.The microstructure and phase constitution of the master alloys were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM),transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD).The results show that Al-Ti-B alloy refiner consists of Al_(3)Ti phase and TiB2 phase.After Gd is introduced into the intermediate alloy,Ti_(2)Al_(20)Gd phase appears in the alloy,the size of Al_(3)Ti is significantly reduced,and Ti-Al-Gd phase is found in the edge of Al_(3)Ti phase.At the same time,some independent Ti-Al-Gd phases appear in local areas,which are Ti_(2)Al_(20)Gd phase determined by micro-area electron diffraction analysis.Analysis and calculation results of the high-resolution images of the Ti_(2)Al_(20)Gd/Al structure show that there is no other compound at the junction between the Ti_(2)Al_(20)Gd phase and Al,and Ti_(2)Al_(20)Gd phase has a great difference in atomic space with the α-Al,which cannot be directly used as heterogeneous nucleus.But,after being decomposed in the aluminum melt,the Ti_(2)Al_(20)Gd phase can promote the refinement effect of the refiner.In the Al-Ti-B-Gd master alloy,there are many dispersed Al_(3)Ti particles with a size of less than 1 μm,which can promote the Al-5Ti-B refining effect.

电磁场对共晶Al-2%Fe合金凝固组织的影响

在共晶Al-2%Fe合金凝固过程中分别施加旋转磁场和脉冲磁场,检测了未施加和施加磁场的合金凝固后的宏观和微观组织,以研究电磁场对合金凝固组织的影响。结果表明:未施加电磁场凝固的共晶Al-2%Fe合金的组织较粗大,Al3Fe相为针状和"X"状;施加旋转磁场凝固的合金组织明显细化,由于受到电磁力的作用,使"X"形Al3Fe相破碎成针状,并在铸型壁富集,形成大块状Al3Fe相;施加脉冲磁场凝固的合金,铸型壁的激冷晶和树枝晶由于电磁力的作用而破碎,在铸锭中心形成柱状晶和细小的等轴晶。

Cu对Er变质Al-10Mg_(2)Si铸造合金组织和力学性能的影响

本文采用X射线衍射仪、光学显微镜、扫描电镜(附加能谱仪)和电子万能试验机等研究了不同Cu含量Er变质亚共晶Al-10Mg_(2)Si铸造合金的凝固组织和力学性能。结果表明,Cu和Er能显著降低共晶Mg_(2)Si相的晶粒尺寸,从基础合金的15.4μm减小到含1.5 wt.%Cu和0.45 wt.%Er合金的5.8μm,并使其结构从粗板状和汉字状转变为细珊瑚状和纤维状。同时,通过添加Cu和Er,将针状β-Al5Fe Si相改变为细小的不规则形状的富Cu、Er和Fe颗粒。Cu和Er的加入同时提高了Al-10Mg_(2)Si铸态合金的强度和塑性,抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别从223 MPa、136 MPa和2.1%提高到337 MPa、169 MPa和4.7%。由于Cu和Er的加入,共晶Mg_(2)Si在Al P上形成富Cu、Er和P相,避免了其在Al P上的异相成核。此外,在共晶Mg_(2)Si表面和相邻两个Mg;Si晶粒之间的Cu、Er原子团簇及其金属间化合物抑制了共晶Mg_(2)Si的生长,这是Mg;Si变质效果良好的原因。

Intragranular Rare Earth－rich Phases in As－cast High－temperature Ti－5Al－4Sn－2Zr－1MO－0．25Si－1Nd Alloy

In the as-cast Ti-55 alloy, the intragranular rare earth-rich phase particles are about 1. 0～14 μm in diameter, elliptical, and rich in Nd, Sn, and O. The contents of Nd and Sn on the grain boundaries are higher than those at other sites. The intragranular phases grow preferably at the region on the grain boundaries, which causes the formation of the elliptical morphology of the intragranular phases.

Ni_7Hf_2／Ni_3Al共晶的微观组织特征

针对ＮｉＡｌＨｆ三元系，寻找出形成Ｎｉ７Ｈｆ２／Ｎｉ３Ａｌ共晶成分的合金，结合光学金相、透射电镜、Ｘ射线衍射、电子探针等技术，研究了这种合金的相结构、形态和组成，分析了γ′／Ｎｉ７Ｈｆ２共晶的界面热稳定性，并提出了降低Ａｌ含量。

超声功率对Al-5%Cu合金凝固组织及凝固行为的影响

研究了不同超声功率对Al-5%Cu合金凝固组织的影响。结果发现,随着超声功率的提高,晶粒尺寸呈先细小、后增大的趋势。当超声功率为600 W时,能够细化晶粒,形成等轴晶,平均晶粒尺寸为174.9μm;当超声功率为1000 W时,组织为等轴晶,平均晶粒尺寸为147.5μm,共晶组织出现离异现象;当超声功率达到1400 W时,晶粒有粗化趋势,平均晶粒尺寸为256.6μm,对组织改善无益。

Fe_(22)Co_(26)Cr_(20)Ni_(22)Ta_(10)高熵合金基复合材料的自润滑性能

共晶高熵合金(EHEAs)具有高温稳定性和良好的力学性能,并有望在高温下应用于摩擦领域。为了研究其高温润滑性能,采用BaF_(2)/CaF_(2)共晶粉末作为润滑相,通过放电等离子烧结制备Fe_(22)Co_(26)Cr_(20)Ni_(22)Ta_(10)−(BaF_(2)/CaF_(2))x(x=3%~20%,质量分数)复合材料,在室温和高温下测试摩擦性能和力学性能。结果表明,随着BaF_(2)/CaF_(2)共晶粉末的增加,复合材料在600和800℃时的摩擦因数和磨损率明显降低。其中,共晶粉末含量为15%和20%的复合材料在600℃时具有最佳的润滑性能。复合材料的低摩擦因数和低磨损率主要归功于共晶高熵合金基体良好的力学性能、BaF_(2)/CaF_(2)相的润滑作用以及在磨损表面上形成的连续氧化物。