Research on the Assessment System of Computational Mechanics Courses Based on the TOPSIS Entropy Weight Model

This paper takes the assessment and evaluation of computational mechanics course as the background,and constructs a diversified course evaluation system that is student-centered and integrates both quantitative and qualitative evaluation methods.The system not only pays attention to students’practical operation and theoretical knowledge mastery but also puts special emphasis on the cultivation of students’innovative abilities.In order to realize a comprehensive and objective evaluation,the assessment and evaluation method of the entropy weight model combining TOPSIS(Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution)multi-attribute decision analysis and entropy weight theory is adopted,and its validity and practicability are verified through example analysis.This method can not only comprehensively and objectively evaluate students’learning outcomes,but also provide a scientific decision-making basis for curriculum teaching reform.The implementation of this diversified course evaluation system can better reflect the comprehensive ability of students and promote the continuous improvement of teaching quality.

基于LESA综合评价模型的耕地质量定级方法

为准确掌握耕地生产效益水平,进一步满足当前国土管理需要,对耕地质量定级方法进行了研究。选取河南省固始县为研究对象,以LESA综合评价模型为基础,结合耕地质量等别更新成果及相关土地提质工程成果,综合分析评定了耕地质量级别,并以耕地产能为依据验证了定级结果。结果表明:基于LESA综合评价体系,固始县的耕地分为6-13级,级别越高,耕地质量越好。其中,9-13级的耕地自然条件较优,地块规则,利于机械耕作;6-8级的耕地自然质量水平较差,集中连片程度低,耕作较为不便。根据耕地产能对定级结果可靠性进行验证,定级结果符合实际产出。基于LESA综合评价模型的耕地质量定级方法不仅继承和沿用了耕地分等成果,还通过选取工程指标体现了高标准基本农田建设成效,突破原有规程法定级结果仅在县域内可比的限制,为耕地定级方法体系研究提供参考。

Tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil as second-line treatment in autoimmune hepatitis:Is the evidence of sufficient quality to develop recommendations?

BACKGROUND The standard management of autoimmune hepatitis(AIH)is based on corticosteroids,alone or in combination with azathioprine.Second-line treatments are needed for patients who have refractory disease.However,high-quality data on the alternative management of AIH are scarce.AIM To evaluate the efficacy and safety of tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil(MMF)and the quality of evidence by using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment,Development and Evaluation approach(GRADE).METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis of the available data were performed.We calculated pooled event rates for three outcome measures:Biochemical remission,adverse events,and mortality,with their corresponding 95%confidence intervals(CI).RESULTS The pooled biochemical remission rate was 68.9%(95%CI:60.4-76.2)for tacrolimus,and 59.6%(95%CI:54.8-64.2)for MMF,and rates of adverse events were 25.5%(95%CI:12.4-45.3)for tacrolimus and 24.1%(95%CI:15.4-35.7)for MMF.The pooled mortality rate was estimated at 11.5%(95%CI:7.1-18.1)for tacrolimus and 9.01%(95%CI:6.2-12.8)for MMF.Pooled biochemical remission rates for tacrolimus and MMF in patients with intolerance to standard therapy were 56.6%(CI:43.4-56.6)vs 73.5%(CI:58.1-84.7),and among non-responders were 59.1%(CI:48.7-68.8)vs 40.8%(CI:32.3-50.0),respectively.Moreover,the overall quality assessments using GRADE proved to be very low for all our outcomes in both treatment groups.CONCLUSION Tacrolimus and MMF are in practice considered effective for patients with AIH who are non-responders or intolerant to first-line treatment,but we found no high-quality evidence to support this statement.

Chinese medicine formulas for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Overview of systematic reviews

BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)affects more than one-quarter of the global population.Due to the lack of approved chemical agents,many patients seek treatment from traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)formulas.A variety of systematic reviews have been published regarding the effectiveness and safety of TCM formulas for NAFLD.AIM To critically appraise available systematic reviews and sort out the high-quality evidence on TCM formulas for the management of NAFLD.METHODS Seven databases were systematically searched from their inception to 28 February 2020.The search terms included“non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,”“Chinese medicines,”“systematic review,”and their synonyms.Systematic reviews involving TCM formulas alone or in combination with conventional medications were included.The methodological quality and risk of bias of eligible systematic reviews were evaluated by using A Measure Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews 2(AMSTAR 2)and Risk of Bias in Systematic Review(ROBIS).The quality of outcomes was assessed by the Grading of Recommendations Assessment,Development and Evaluation(GRADE)system.RESULTS Seven systematic reviews were ultimately included.All systematic reviews were conducted based on randomized controlled trials and published in the last decade.According to the AMSTAR 2 tool,one systematic review was judged as having a moderate confidence level,whereas the other studies were rated as having a low or extremely low level of confidence.The ROBIS tool showed that the included systematic reviews all had a high risk of bias due to insufficient consideration of identified concerns.According to the GRADE system,only two outcomes were determined as high quality;namely,TCM formulas with the HuoXueHuaYu principle were better than conventional medications in ultrasound improvement,and TCM formulas were superior to antioxidants in alanine aminotransferase normalization.Other outcomes were downgraded to lower levels,mainly because of heterogeneity among studies,not meeting optimal information sample size,and inclusion of excessive numbers of small sample studies.Nevertheless,the evidence quality of extracted outcomes should be further downgraded when applying to clinical practice due to indirectness.CONCLUSION The quality of available systematic reviews was not satisfactory.Researchers should avoid repeatedly conducting systematic reviews in this area and focus on designing rigorous randomized controlled trials to support TCM formula applications.

A Protocol for Developing a Clinical Practice Guideline for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Vancomycin

This study aimed to develop a guideline for therapeutic drug monitoring（TDM） of vancomycin. We adopted the new guideline definition from the Institute of Medicine（IOM）, adhered closely to the six domains of the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research ＆ Evaluation Ⅱ（AGREE Ⅱ）, and made recommendations based on systematic reviews. We established a Guideline Steering Group and a Guideline Development Group, formulated 12 questions in the form of Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome（PICO） and completed a literature search. As far as we know, we will develop the first evidenced-based guideline for vancomycin TDM under the framework of the Grade of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation（GRADE）.

The Evaluation Practice at a Sino-British University

As an institution,Xi’an Jiaotong Liverpool University(XJTLU)is unique in China.It is the only Chinese institution that awards students both UK degree and Chinese degree,so it has two sets of control,one of which is to meet all the requirements of the UK Higher Education(HE)standards and the other is to go through all the requirements of Chinese degree awarding powers.Due to its specific relationship with University of Liverpool(UoL),XJTLU is also under close scrutiny from UoL.All of these are reflected in the XJTLU internal and external Quality Assurance(QA)frameworks and procedures.This article focuses on describing and analysing how XJTLU monitors the teaching and assessment processes to meet the UK HE QA standards.Generally,the monitoring system is robust and multidimensional,involving students and peers as observers/reviewers.To understand students’perspectives on the teaching quality and their learning experience,the university provides official channels for students to provide ratings and/or qualitative comments on modules and instructors at the middle and the end of semester,while module instructors are expected to do reflection and revision of their teaching accordingly.In addition to that,each module instructor has to observe a peer’s class annually and engage in dialogues with the peer reviewer before and after the observation.To ensure the quality of assessment tasks and marking standards,module leaders have to actively communicate with internal moderators,UoL moderators and external moderators in the Assessment Preparation Review(APR)and Marking Moderation Review(MMR)processes.In general,the evaluation practice of teaching and assessment plays an important role in ensuring the educational quality is maintained and enhanced at XJTLU and is comparable with international best practice.So far,many disciplines at the university have been certified by international professional organizations,which strengthens the university’s global positioning,and directly improves the competitiveness of graduates in the global job market.The author hopes to provide some insights of the QA practice at XJTLU to help teachers and education administrators in different contexts to understand the benefits and progress to be made in terms of teaching and assessment evaluation to ensure the high quality of student training.

Quality Assessment of Clinical Practice Guidelines for Integrative Medicine in China:A Systematic Review

Objective： To assess the quality of integrative medicine clinical practice guidelines（CPGs） published before 2014. Methods： A systematic search of the scientific literature published before 2014 was conducted to select integrative medicine CPGs. Four major Chinese integrated databases and one guideline database were searched： the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database（CBM）, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure（CNKI）, China Science and Technology Journal Database（VIP）, Wanfang Data, and the China Guideline Clearinghouse（CGC）. Four reviewers independently assessed the quality of the included guidelines using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation（AGREE） Ⅱ Instrument. Overall consensus among the reviewers was assessed using the intra-class correlation coefficient（ICC）. Results： A total of 41 guidelines published from 2003 to 2014 were included. The overall consensus among the reviewers was good [ICC： 0.928; 95% confidence interval（CI）： 0.920 to 0.935]. The scores on the 6 AGREE domains were： 17% for scope and purpose（range： 6% to 32%）, 11% for stakeholder involvement（range： 0 to 24%）, 10% for rigor of development（range： 3% to 22%）, 39% for clarity and presentation（range： 25% to 64%）, 11% for applicability（range： 4% to 24%）, and 1% for editorial independence（range： 0 to 15%）. Conclusions： The quality of integrative medicine CPGs was low, the development of integrative medicine CPGs should be guided by systematic methodology. More emphasis should be placed on multi-disciplinary guideline development groups, quality of evidence, management of funding and conflicts of interest, and guideline updates in the process of developing integrative medicine CPGs in China.

Research methods in complementary and alternative medicine： an integrative review

The scientific literature presents a modest amount ot evidence m the use or complementary ana al[erna- tire medicine （CAM）. On the other hand, in practice, relevant results are common. The debates among CAM practitioners about the quality and execution of scientific research are important, Therefore, the aim of this review is to gather, synthesize and describe the differentiated methodological models that encompass the complexity of therapeutic interventions. The process of bringing evidence-based medicine into clinical practice in CAM is essential for the growth and strengthening of complementary medicines worldwide.

Evaluation of the scales assessing the severity of myasthenia gravis

Objective To evaluate the reliability and validity of the 4 myasthenia gravis(MG)scales widely used for assessing the grades of disease severity in Chinese MG patients.Methods Sixty MG patients were examined by a neurologist with the following four MG scales:Quantitative Myasthenia Gravis Score(QMGS),Myasthenia Gravis Composite(MGC),Myasthenic Muscle Scale(MMS),Absolute and Relative Score of MG(ARS-