The report of the Chinese 20th National Congress put forward“strengthening the construction and management of textbooks”for the first time,which indicates the importance of textbook construction and highlights the v...The report of the Chinese 20th National Congress put forward“strengthening the construction and management of textbooks”for the first time,which indicates the importance of textbook construction and highlights the vital position of textbooks in the overall development of the country.From the perspective of textbook quality,and based on the research and analysis of the policy requirements and current evaluation indicators of higher education textbooks,this paper establishes the textbook quality evaluation index system composed of basic indicators and evaluation indicators.This system is based on the principles of science,comprehensiveness,operability,and target-oriented approach.It provides a relatively scientific,objective,and fair reference system for the management and evaluation of textbooks.展开更多
In the context of educational informatization reform,there are many uncertain factors in the process of education development.To optimize the educational environment so that it can be effectively combined with informa...In the context of educational informatization reform,there are many uncertain factors in the process of education development.To optimize the educational environment so that it can be effectively combined with information technology,teachers need to change their teaching ideas,strengthen the school’s own adaptability to informatization,and promote the development of informatization construction in schools.As a branch of information leadership,the management team should establish an evaluation index system for information leadership in order to ensure the construction of school informatization,so as to provide a boost for the integration of school resources and information technology.Based on the overview and connotation of information-based leadership of the management team,this paper explores the construction of an evaluation index system of information-based leadership of the school management team,aiming to provide references for the research of relevant personnel in the future.展开更多
With the ever-increased installed capacity of renewable energy generation units in a power system,the so-called shared energy storage(SES),a novel business model under the umbrella of the shared economy principle,has ...With the ever-increased installed capacity of renewable energy generation units in a power system,the so-called shared energy storage(SES),a novel business model under the umbrella of the shared economy principle,has the potential to play an essential role in the accommodation of renewable energy generation.However,unified evaluation standards and methods,which can help decision-makers analyze the performance of the SES market,are still not available.In this paper,an evaluation index system of the SES market is designed based on the trading rules of China’s Qinghai province and the structure-conduct-performance(SCP)analytical model.Moreover,the definition and characteristics of the indices,which can show the performance of the SES market from different perspectives,are given.Furthermore,the ideal cases are presented as the evaluation benchmark based on the development expectation of the SES market,and the analytic hierarchy process(AHP)and the technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution(TOPSIS)are applied to evaluate the SES market comprehensively.Finally,a case study based on actual data of the SES trading pilot project in Qinghai shows that the evaluation index system can reflect the operation status,existing problems and influencing factors of the SES market.展开更多
The conditions for the positive operation of water conservancy projects are described in this paper. A scientific and effective evaluation index system was established based on frequency analysis, theoretical analysis...The conditions for the positive operation of water conservancy projects are described in this paper. A scientific and effective evaluation index system was established based on frequency analysis, theoretical analysis, and expert consultation. This evaluation index system can be divided into six first-level indices: the degree to which facilities are intact and functionality standards are reached, the status of operation and management funds, the rationality and degree of advancement of the management team structure, the adaptability and rationality of the water conservancy project management system, the degree of automatization and informationization of the management techniques, and the conduciveness of the exterior environment. The weights for evaluation indices were obtained through the analytic hierarchy process method with consideration of the difference between public welfare and profit-oriented water conservancy projects. This study provides a scientific method for evaluating the positive operation of water conservancy projects.展开更多
In order to promote the research on the evaluation index system of low-carbon city,this paper reviewed and summarized the current evaluation index systems in recent years and the concepts of lowcarbon city in China.Th...In order to promote the research on the evaluation index system of low-carbon city,this paper reviewed and summarized the current evaluation index systems in recent years and the concepts of lowcarbon city in China.The current evaluation index systems of low-carbon city in China could be divided into two types:two class index system and three class index system.The establishment of different index systems basically adheres to the scientific,systematic,operable and dynamic principles,and the target value and weight of evaluation index could be confirmed in multiple ways.This paper analyzed the existing problems in the evaluation index systems of low-carbon city,and came up with some suggestions and advice to promote relevant research.展开更多
Objective: The goal of this study was to construct an evaluation index system for the innovativeness of nursing papers. Methods: A total of 17 nursing experts were consulted for two rounds, and the reliability and w...Objective: The goal of this study was to construct an evaluation index system for the innovativeness of nursing papers. Methods: A total of 17 nursing experts were consulted for two rounds, and the reliability and weight of the constructed evaluation index system for the innovativeness of nursing papers were determined. Results: An evaluation system for the innovativeness of nursing papers was constructed, including 3 primary indexes, 8 secondary indexes, 14 tertiary indexes, and 8 quaternary indexes. The 3 primary indexes with their weights were new argument (0.547), new evidence (0.345), and new conclusion (0.109). Conclusions: The representativeness, the enthusiasm for the study, the degree of authority, the degree of coordination, and the convergence of the experts were high: therefore, an evaluation index system for the innovativeness of nursing papers based on the Delphi method can comprehensively and scientifically evaluate the innovativeness of nursing papers.展开更多
In order to further improve the utility of unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)remote-sensing for quickly and accurately monitoring the growth of winter wheat under film mulching, this study examined the treatments of ridge m...In order to further improve the utility of unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)remote-sensing for quickly and accurately monitoring the growth of winter wheat under film mulching, this study examined the treatments of ridge mulching,ridge–furrow full mulching, and flat cropping full mulching in winter wheat.Based on the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation (FCE) method, four agronomic parameters (leaf area index, above-ground biomass, plant height, and leaf chlorophyll content) were used to calculate the comprehensive growth evaluation index (CGEI) of the winter wheat, and 14 visible and near-infrared spectral indices were calculated using spectral purification technology to process the remote-sensing image data of winter wheat obtained by multispectral UAV.Four machine learning algorithms, partial least squares, support vector machines, random forests, and artificial neural network networks(ANN), were used to build the winter wheat growth monitoring model under film mulching, and accuracy evaluation and mapping of the spatial and temporal distribution of winter wheat growth status were carried out.The results showed that the CGEI of winter wheat under film mulching constructed using the FCE method could objectively and comprehensively evaluate the crop growth status.The accuracy of remote-sensing inversion of the CGEI based on the ANN model was higher than for the individual agronomic parameters, with a coefficient of determination of 0.75,a root mean square error of 8.40, and a mean absolute value error of 6.53.Spectral purification could eliminate the interference of background effects caused by mulching and soil, effectively improving the accuracy of the remotesensing inversion of winter wheat under film mulching, with the best inversion effect achieved on the ridge–furrow full mulching area after spectral purification.The results of this study provide a theoretical reference for the use of UAV remote-sensing to monitor the growth status of winter wheat with film mulching.展开更多
After the integration of large-scale DistributedGeneration(DG)into the distribution network,the randomness and volatility of its output result in a reduction of spatiotemporal alignment between power generation and de...After the integration of large-scale DistributedGeneration(DG)into the distribution network,the randomness and volatility of its output result in a reduction of spatiotemporal alignment between power generation and demand in the distribution network,exacerbating the phenomenon of wind and solar power wastage.As a novel power system model,the fundamental concept of Regional Autonomous Power Grids(RAPGs)is to achieve localized management and energy autonomy,thereby facilitating the effective consumption of DGs.Therefore,this paper proposes a distributed resource planning strategy that enhances the autonomy capabilities of regional power grids by considering multiple evaluation indexes for autonomy.First,a regional Energy Storage(ES)configuration strategy is proposed.This strategy can select a suitable reference value for the upper limit of ES configuration based on the regional load andDGoutput to maximize the elimination of source load deviations in the region as the upper limit constraint of ES capacity.Then,a control strategy for regional ES is proposed,the charging and discharging reference line of ES is set,and multiple autonomy and economic indexes are used as objective functions to select different proportions of ES to control the distributed resources of the regional power grid and establish evaluation indexes of the internal regional generation and load power ratio,the proportion of power supply matching hours,new energy consumption rate and tie line power imbalance outside the region to evaluate changes in the regional autonomy capabilities.The final simulation results showthat in the real regional grid example,the planning method in the planning year in the region of the overall power supply matching hour ratio and new energy consumption rate increased by 3.9%and 4.8%on average,and the power imbalance of the tie line decreased by 7.8%on average.The proposed planning approach enables the maximization of regional autonomy while effectively smoothing the fluctuation of power exchange between the regional grid and the higher-level grid.This presents a rational and effective planning solution for the regional grid,facilitating the coordinated development between the region and the distribution network.展开更多
Radar anti-jamming performance evaluation is a necessary link in the process of radar development,introduction and equipment. The applications of generalized rough set theory are proposed and discussed in this paper t...Radar anti-jamming performance evaluation is a necessary link in the process of radar development,introduction and equipment. The applications of generalized rough set theory are proposed and discussed in this paper to address the problems of big data, incomplete data and redundant data in the construction of evaluation index system. Firstly, a mass of real-valued data is converted to some interval-valued data to avoid an unacceptable number of equivalence classes and classification rules, and the interval similarity relation is employed to make classifications of this interval-valued data. Meanwhile, incomplete data can be solved by a new definition of the connection degree tolerance relation for both interval-valued data and single-valued data, which makes a better description of rough set than the traditional limited tolerance relation. Then, E-condition entropy-based heuristic algorithm is applied to making attribute reduction to optimize the evaluation index system, and final decision rules can be extracted for system evaluation. Finally, the feasibility and advantage of the proposed methods are testified by a real example of radar anti-jamming performance evaluation.展开更多
Establishing a reasonable evaluation index system is the basis and premise for the scientific evaluation of geographic national conditions. By analyzing the DPSIR model and its correlation and relation with the evalua...Establishing a reasonable evaluation index system is the basis and premise for the scientific evaluation of geographic national conditions. By analyzing the DPSIR model and its correlation and relation with the evaluation index system, the indexes for geographic national conditions were selected from the aspects of resources, ecology, environment, economy, society, etc to build an evaluation index system for geographic national conditions that consists of three hierarchies: index, criterion, and target levels. Furthermore, the index system was analyzed in terms of index integrity, low overlapping of elements, non-existence of isolated indexes, hierarchy of index system, etc., for the purpose of demonstrating that the DPSIR model-based evaluation index system for geographic national conditions meets the principles of index system establishment.展开更多
Along with the rapid development of port building, the negative impacts of port's construction and operation on the coastline ecosystem are also increasingly strong. Therefore, it's urgent to establish a scientific ...Along with the rapid development of port building, the negative impacts of port's construction and operation on the coastline ecosystem are also increasingly strong. Therefore, it's urgent to establish a scientific and complete system of port ecological suitability evaluation. This paper pointed out the characteristics of port ecological effects and the principles of selecting evaluation index, and used the "pressure-state-response (PSR)" model to analysis the various pressures on the environment caused by port construction and operation, and the system's response. On this basis, we constructed the port ecological suitability evaluation index. This model used the combination of qualitative and quantitative analytic hierarchy process, to meet the multi-level, multi-objective characteristics of evaluation index system. The evaluation index system and evaluation model can be used to analysis the ecological suitability of port projects comprehensively and have some guiding significance to the port ecological suitability evaluation.展开更多
At present,the research on circular economy has made a lot of substantive results both at home and abroad.But for the papermaking enterprise,which is the representative of the light industry,few studies have analyzed ...At present,the research on circular economy has made a lot of substantive results both at home and abroad.But for the papermaking enterprise,which is the representative of the light industry,few studies have analyzed the evaluation index system of circular economy.Since the current material flow analyses have limitations that the researchers cannot calculate materials with different units.The authors take advantage of the intrinsic correlation between the basic principle of value flow analysis and circular economy,and then analyze the dynamic changes of material flow and value flow through enterprises internal production process.Considering the resource output,the authors set up the layered structure of the evaluation index system,and then preliminarily determine the index form.Next,the authors use the frequency statistics analysis method to adjust indicators,forming a preliminary index system.After that,the principal component analysis and independent analysis are applied for screening.Finally,the authors build a circular economy evaluation index system for papermaking enterprise to provide scientific guidance for the process of circular economy.展开更多
The intelligent detection technology driven by X-ray images and deep learning represents the forefront of advanced techniques and development trends in flaw detection and automated evaluation of light alloy castings.H...The intelligent detection technology driven by X-ray images and deep learning represents the forefront of advanced techniques and development trends in flaw detection and automated evaluation of light alloy castings.However,the efficacy of deep learning models hinges upon a substantial abundance of flaw samples.The existing research on X-ray image augmentation for flaw detection suffers from shortcomings such as poor diversity of flaw samples and low reliability of quality evaluation.To this end,a novel approach was put forward,which involves the creation of the Interpolation-Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Network(I-DCGAN)for flaw detection image generation and a comprehensive evaluation algorithm named TOPSIS-IFP.I-DCGAN enables the generation of high-resolution,diverse simulated images with multiple appearances,achieving an improvement in sample diversity and quality while maintaining a relatively lower computational complexity.TOPSIS-IFP facilitates multi-dimensional quality evaluation,including aspects such as diversity,authenticity,image distribution difference,and image distortion degree.The results indicate that the X-ray radiographic images of magnesium and aluminum alloy castings achieve optimal performance when trained up to the 800th and 600th epochs,respectively.The TOPSIS-IFP value reaches 78.7%and 73.8%similarity to the ideal solution,respectively.Compared to single index evaluation,the TOPSIS-IFP algorithm achieves higher-quality simulated images at the optimal training epoch.This approach successfully mitigates the issue of unreliable quality associated with single index evaluation.The image generation and comprehensive quality evaluation method developed in this paper provides a novel approach for image augmentation in flaw recognition,holding significant importance for enhancing the robustness of subsequent flaw recognition networks.展开更多
Large‐scale underground hydrogen storage(UHS)provides a promising method for increasing the role of hydrogen in the process of carbon neutrality and energy transition.Of all the existing storage deposits,salt caverns...Large‐scale underground hydrogen storage(UHS)provides a promising method for increasing the role of hydrogen in the process of carbon neutrality and energy transition.Of all the existing storage deposits,salt caverns are recognized as ideal sites for pure hydrogen storage.Evaluation and optimization of site selection for hydrogen storage facilities in salt caverns have become significant issues.In this article,the software CiteSpace is used to analyze and filter hot topics in published research.Based on a detailed classification and analysis,a“four‐factor”model for the site selection of salt cavern hydrogen storage is proposed,encompassing the dynamic demands of hydrogen energy,geological,hydrological,and ground factors of salt mines.Subsequently,20 basic indicators for comprehensive suitability grading of the target site were screened using the analytic hierarchy process and expert survey methods were adopted,which provided a preliminary site selection system for salt cavern hydrogen storage.Ultimately,the developed system was applied for the evaluation of salt cavern hydrogen storage sites in the salt mines of Pingdingshan City,Henan Province,thereby confirming its rationality and effectiveness.This research provides a feasible method and theoretical basis for the site selection of UHS in salt caverns in China.展开更多
Based on the research on talent ecosystem,China s marine talent ecosystem was evaluated and analyzed from the aspects of its constituent elements,characteristics,operation mechanism,and evolution mechanism,and an eval...Based on the research on talent ecosystem,China s marine talent ecosystem was evaluated and analyzed from the aspects of its constituent elements,characteristics,operation mechanism,and evolution mechanism,and an evaluation index system of China s marine talent ecosystem was constructed.Finally,relevant suggestions on the optimization and perfection of China s marine talent ecosystem were put forward.The research has guiding significance for the in-depth analysis of China s marine talent ecosystem.展开更多
Smart cities depend highly on an intelligent electrical networks to provide a reliable,safe,and clean power supplies.A smart grid achieves such aforementioned power supply by ensuring resilient energy delivery,which p...Smart cities depend highly on an intelligent electrical networks to provide a reliable,safe,and clean power supplies.A smart grid achieves such aforementioned power supply by ensuring resilient energy delivery,which presents opportunities to improve the cost-effectiveness of power supply and minimize environmental impacts.A systematic evaluation of the comprehensive benefits brought by smart grid to smart cities can provide necessary theoretical fundamentals for urban planning and construction towards a sustainable energy future.However,most of the present methods of assessing smart cities do not fully take into account the benefits expected from the smart grid.To comprehensively evaluate the development levels of smart cities while revealing the supporting roles of smart grids,this article proposes a model of smart city development needs from the perspective of residents’needs based on Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs theory,which serves the primary purpose of building a smart city.By classifying and reintegrating the needs,an evaluation index system of smart grids supporting smart cities was further constructed.A case analysis concluded that smart grids,as an essential foundation and objective requirement for smart cities,are important in promoting scientific urban management,intelligent infrastructure,refined public services,efficient energy utilization,and industrial development and modernization.Further optimization suggestions were given to the city analyzed in the case include strengthening urban management and infrastructure constructions,such as electric vehicle charging facilities and wireless coverage.展开更多
The present building facility management status in China resulted in many problems such as high energy consumption,failure of automation control,services failure and poor indoor air quality.Based on questionnaires and...The present building facility management status in China resulted in many problems such as high energy consumption,failure of automation control,services failure and poor indoor air quality.Based on questionnaires and interviews to professional engineers and building users,a comprehensive evaluation index system was established on facility management of high-rise office buildings.A Fuzzy AHP based upon hierarchy criteria system was established.A Fuzzy AHP Evaluation Model on Facility Management System was set up;α-cut analysis was introduced and incorporated with expert knowledge together,which made up the optimism index λ.The fuzzy optimum crisp weight of each criterion was resulted from data-mining.Case investigations were processed in high-rise office buildings in Shenyang.The results illustrated that indoor air quality,thermal comfort and life cycle cost were the most important indexes in the evaluation of Facility Management System of high rise office buildings.Residents in high-rise buildings in Shenyang pay less attention to maintenance management and environment protection.By comparison with the analysis result of Export Choice,Fuzzy AHP-based evaluation model could act as a scientific reference for the establishment of governmental standards in facility management area in building.展开更多
AIM: To evaluate the medical quality of ophthalmologic perioperative period during 2010-2012 in our hospital. METHODS: The relevant data of perioperative period were collected in our hospital during 2010-2012, and the...AIM: To evaluate the medical quality of ophthalmologic perioperative period during 2010-2012 in our hospital. METHODS: The relevant data of perioperative period were collected in our hospital during 2010-2012, and the medical quality of perioperative period was evaluated by using the traditional evaluation indexes and adverse events. Whereby, the traditional indicators include vision changes, improving of intraocular pressure, diagnostic accordance rate before and after operation, cure improvement rate, successful rescue rate, and incidence of surgical complications, etc Adverse events are associated with ophthalmologic perioperative events including pressure sores, postoperative wound infection, drug adverse events, and equipment related adverse events. RESULTS: There were 1483, 1662 and 1931 ophthalmic operations in our hospital in the year 2010, 2011 and 2012, respectively. From traditional index analysis, the proportions of vision improvement for each year were 96.43%, 96.76% and 97.32%, respectively; the rates of intraocular pressure improvement were 87.50%, 85.72% and 90.17%, respectively ( P <0.05); the diagnostic accordance rates before and after operation were 99.86%, 99.94% and 99.90%, respectively; cure improvement rates were 99.73%, 99.93% and 99.84%, respectively; the successful rescue rates were 82.98%, 81.46% and 76.66%, respectively; the complications incidence rates were 18.44%, 17.52% and 17.97%, respectively. The negative factor analysis results showed that: among all the patients of ophthalmic surgeries in our hospital during 2010 and 2012, only one case of postoperative wound infection was found in 2011, and also only one case of tumbling in 2010. The adverse drug events for each year were 1 case (0.07%), 2 cases (0.12%), and 4 cases (0.21%), respectively; the medical device adverse events for each year were 3 cases (0.20%), 5 cases (0.30%), and 6 cases (0.31%), respectively. Noticeably, only one case with postoperative infection of endophthalmitis was found in 2011. Moreover, no pulmonary infection or pulmonary embolism occurred during the three years. The perioperative adverse event rates for each year were 0.34% (5/1483), 0.48% (8/1662) and 0.52% (10/1931), respectively. Though incidence was rising during the three years, no statistical significance was observed (P>0.05). It is the same case with drugs and medical devices adverse events (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Traditional indicators reflect an excellent operation of the perioperative ophthalmologic quality, whereas adverse events analysis indicates some underlying problems. Compared with the traditional indexes for medical quality evaluation, the index of adverse events is more reasonable and easier to make an objective evaluation for medical quality of ophthalmologic perioperation, facilitating further refine analysis. Reasonable application of the adverse events indicators helps hospital to make the detailed quality control measures.展开更多
The delay compensation method plays an essential role in maintaining the stability and achieving accurate real-time hybrid simulation results. The effectiveness of various compensation methods in different test scenar...The delay compensation method plays an essential role in maintaining the stability and achieving accurate real-time hybrid simulation results. The effectiveness of various compensation methods in different test scenarios, however, needs to be quantitatively evaluated. In this study, four compensation methods (i.e., the polynomial extrapolation, the linear acceleration extrapolation, the inverse compensation and the adaptive inverse compensation) are selected and compared experimentally using a frequency evaluation index (FEI) method. The effectiveness of the FEI method is first verified through comparison with the discrete transfer fimction approach for compensation methods assuming constant delay. Incomparable advantage is further demonstrated for the FEI method when applied to adaptive compensation methods, where the discrete transfer function approach is difficult to implement. Both numerical simulation and laboratory tests with predefined displacements are conducted using sinusoidal signals and random signals as inputs. Findings from numerical simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the FEI method is an efficient and effective approach to compare the performance of different compensation methods, especially for those requiring adaptation of compensation parameters.展开更多
An evaluation index is a prerequisite for the scientific evaluation of a public meteorological service.This paper aims to explore a technical method for determining and screening evaluation indicators.Based on public ...An evaluation index is a prerequisite for the scientific evaluation of a public meteorological service.This paper aims to explore a technical method for determining and screening evaluation indicators.Based on public satisfaction survey data obtained in Wafangdian,China in 2010,this study investigates the suitability of fuzzy clustering analysis method in establishing an evaluation index.Through quantitative analysis of multilayer fuzzy clustering of various evaluation indicators,correlation analysis indicates that if the results of clustering were identical for two evaluation indicators in the same sub-evaluation layer,then one indicator could be removed,or the two indicators merged.For evaluation indicators in different sub-evaluation layers,although clustering reveals attribute correlations,these indicators may not be substituted for one another.Analysis of the applicability of the fuzzy clustering method shows that it plays a certain role in the establishment and correction of an evaluation index.展开更多
文摘The report of the Chinese 20th National Congress put forward“strengthening the construction and management of textbooks”for the first time,which indicates the importance of textbook construction and highlights the vital position of textbooks in the overall development of the country.From the perspective of textbook quality,and based on the research and analysis of the policy requirements and current evaluation indicators of higher education textbooks,this paper establishes the textbook quality evaluation index system composed of basic indicators and evaluation indicators.This system is based on the principles of science,comprehensiveness,operability,and target-oriented approach.It provides a relatively scientific,objective,and fair reference system for the management and evaluation of textbooks.
文摘In the context of educational informatization reform,there are many uncertain factors in the process of education development.To optimize the educational environment so that it can be effectively combined with information technology,teachers need to change their teaching ideas,strengthen the school’s own adaptability to informatization,and promote the development of informatization construction in schools.As a branch of information leadership,the management team should establish an evaluation index system for information leadership in order to ensure the construction of school informatization,so as to provide a boost for the integration of school resources and information technology.Based on the overview and connotation of information-based leadership of the management team,this paper explores the construction of an evaluation index system of information-based leadership of the school management team,aiming to provide references for the research of relevant personnel in the future.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Project of State Grid Qinghai Electric Power Company(No.106000003367).
文摘With the ever-increased installed capacity of renewable energy generation units in a power system,the so-called shared energy storage(SES),a novel business model under the umbrella of the shared economy principle,has the potential to play an essential role in the accommodation of renewable energy generation.However,unified evaluation standards and methods,which can help decision-makers analyze the performance of the SES market,are still not available.In this paper,an evaluation index system of the SES market is designed based on the trading rules of China’s Qinghai province and the structure-conduct-performance(SCP)analytical model.Moreover,the definition and characteristics of the indices,which can show the performance of the SES market from different perspectives,are given.Furthermore,the ideal cases are presented as the evaluation benchmark based on the development expectation of the SES market,and the analytic hierarchy process(AHP)and the technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution(TOPSIS)are applied to evaluate the SES market comprehensively.Finally,a case study based on actual data of the SES trading pilot project in Qinghai shows that the evaluation index system can reflect the operation status,existing problems and influencing factors of the SES market.
文摘The conditions for the positive operation of water conservancy projects are described in this paper. A scientific and effective evaluation index system was established based on frequency analysis, theoretical analysis, and expert consultation. This evaluation index system can be divided into six first-level indices: the degree to which facilities are intact and functionality standards are reached, the status of operation and management funds, the rationality and degree of advancement of the management team structure, the adaptability and rationality of the water conservancy project management system, the degree of automatization and informationization of the management techniques, and the conduciveness of the exterior environment. The weights for evaluation indices were obtained through the analytic hierarchy process method with consideration of the difference between public welfare and profit-oriented water conservancy projects. This study provides a scientific method for evaluating the positive operation of water conservancy projects.
基金Sponsored by Ecology Leading Academic Discipline Project in Jiangsu ProvinceEnvironmental Science Leading Academic Discipline Project in NanjingScientific Research Project in Nanjing Xiaozhuang University(2012NXY24)
文摘In order to promote the research on the evaluation index system of low-carbon city,this paper reviewed and summarized the current evaluation index systems in recent years and the concepts of lowcarbon city in China.The current evaluation index systems of low-carbon city in China could be divided into two types:two class index system and three class index system.The establishment of different index systems basically adheres to the scientific,systematic,operable and dynamic principles,and the target value and weight of evaluation index could be confirmed in multiple ways.This paper analyzed the existing problems in the evaluation index systems of low-carbon city,and came up with some suggestions and advice to promote relevant research.
文摘Objective: The goal of this study was to construct an evaluation index system for the innovativeness of nursing papers. Methods: A total of 17 nursing experts were consulted for two rounds, and the reliability and weight of the constructed evaluation index system for the innovativeness of nursing papers were determined. Results: An evaluation system for the innovativeness of nursing papers was constructed, including 3 primary indexes, 8 secondary indexes, 14 tertiary indexes, and 8 quaternary indexes. The 3 primary indexes with their weights were new argument (0.547), new evidence (0.345), and new conclusion (0.109). Conclusions: The representativeness, the enthusiasm for the study, the degree of authority, the degree of coordination, and the convergence of the experts were high: therefore, an evaluation index system for the innovativeness of nursing papers based on the Delphi method can comprehensively and scientifically evaluate the innovativeness of nursing papers.
基金This study was funded by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFD1900700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51909221)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2020T130541 and 2019M650277).
文摘In order to further improve the utility of unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)remote-sensing for quickly and accurately monitoring the growth of winter wheat under film mulching, this study examined the treatments of ridge mulching,ridge–furrow full mulching, and flat cropping full mulching in winter wheat.Based on the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation (FCE) method, four agronomic parameters (leaf area index, above-ground biomass, plant height, and leaf chlorophyll content) were used to calculate the comprehensive growth evaluation index (CGEI) of the winter wheat, and 14 visible and near-infrared spectral indices were calculated using spectral purification technology to process the remote-sensing image data of winter wheat obtained by multispectral UAV.Four machine learning algorithms, partial least squares, support vector machines, random forests, and artificial neural network networks(ANN), were used to build the winter wheat growth monitoring model under film mulching, and accuracy evaluation and mapping of the spatial and temporal distribution of winter wheat growth status were carried out.The results showed that the CGEI of winter wheat under film mulching constructed using the FCE method could objectively and comprehensively evaluate the crop growth status.The accuracy of remote-sensing inversion of the CGEI based on the ANN model was higher than for the individual agronomic parameters, with a coefficient of determination of 0.75,a root mean square error of 8.40, and a mean absolute value error of 6.53.Spectral purification could eliminate the interference of background effects caused by mulching and soil, effectively improving the accuracy of the remotesensing inversion of winter wheat under film mulching, with the best inversion effect achieved on the ridge–furrow full mulching area after spectral purification.The results of this study provide a theoretical reference for the use of UAV remote-sensing to monitor the growth status of winter wheat with film mulching.
基金supported by the State Grid Henan Economic Research Institute Science and Technology Project“Calculation and Demonstration of Distributed Photovoltaic Open Capacity Based on Multi-Source Heterogeneous Data”(5217L0230013).
文摘After the integration of large-scale DistributedGeneration(DG)into the distribution network,the randomness and volatility of its output result in a reduction of spatiotemporal alignment between power generation and demand in the distribution network,exacerbating the phenomenon of wind and solar power wastage.As a novel power system model,the fundamental concept of Regional Autonomous Power Grids(RAPGs)is to achieve localized management and energy autonomy,thereby facilitating the effective consumption of DGs.Therefore,this paper proposes a distributed resource planning strategy that enhances the autonomy capabilities of regional power grids by considering multiple evaluation indexes for autonomy.First,a regional Energy Storage(ES)configuration strategy is proposed.This strategy can select a suitable reference value for the upper limit of ES configuration based on the regional load andDGoutput to maximize the elimination of source load deviations in the region as the upper limit constraint of ES capacity.Then,a control strategy for regional ES is proposed,the charging and discharging reference line of ES is set,and multiple autonomy and economic indexes are used as objective functions to select different proportions of ES to control the distributed resources of the regional power grid and establish evaluation indexes of the internal regional generation and load power ratio,the proportion of power supply matching hours,new energy consumption rate and tie line power imbalance outside the region to evaluate changes in the regional autonomy capabilities.The final simulation results showthat in the real regional grid example,the planning method in the planning year in the region of the overall power supply matching hour ratio and new energy consumption rate increased by 3.9%and 4.8%on average,and the power imbalance of the tie line decreased by 7.8%on average.The proposed planning approach enables the maximization of regional autonomy while effectively smoothing the fluctuation of power exchange between the regional grid and the higher-level grid.This presents a rational and effective planning solution for the regional grid,facilitating the coordinated development between the region and the distribution network.
基金the Opening Project of the State Key Laboratory of Complex Electromagnetic Environment Effects on Electronics and Information System(No.CEMEE2014K0301A)
文摘Radar anti-jamming performance evaluation is a necessary link in the process of radar development,introduction and equipment. The applications of generalized rough set theory are proposed and discussed in this paper to address the problems of big data, incomplete data and redundant data in the construction of evaluation index system. Firstly, a mass of real-valued data is converted to some interval-valued data to avoid an unacceptable number of equivalence classes and classification rules, and the interval similarity relation is employed to make classifications of this interval-valued data. Meanwhile, incomplete data can be solved by a new definition of the connection degree tolerance relation for both interval-valued data and single-valued data, which makes a better description of rough set than the traditional limited tolerance relation. Then, E-condition entropy-based heuristic algorithm is applied to making attribute reduction to optimize the evaluation index system, and final decision rules can be extracted for system evaluation. Finally, the feasibility and advantage of the proposed methods are testified by a real example of radar anti-jamming performance evaluation.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41401462)the Independent Innovation Project of the Changjiang Institute of Survey,Planning,Design and Research(CX2015Z08)
文摘Establishing a reasonable evaluation index system is the basis and premise for the scientific evaluation of geographic national conditions. By analyzing the DPSIR model and its correlation and relation with the evaluation index system, the indexes for geographic national conditions were selected from the aspects of resources, ecology, environment, economy, society, etc to build an evaluation index system for geographic national conditions that consists of three hierarchies: index, criterion, and target levels. Furthermore, the index system was analyzed in terms of index integrity, low overlapping of elements, non-existence of isolated indexes, hierarchy of index system, etc., for the purpose of demonstrating that the DPSIR model-based evaluation index system for geographic national conditions meets the principles of index system establishment.
文摘Along with the rapid development of port building, the negative impacts of port's construction and operation on the coastline ecosystem are also increasingly strong. Therefore, it's urgent to establish a scientific and complete system of port ecological suitability evaluation. This paper pointed out the characteristics of port ecological effects and the principles of selecting evaluation index, and used the "pressure-state-response (PSR)" model to analysis the various pressures on the environment caused by port construction and operation, and the system's response. On this basis, we constructed the port ecological suitability evaluation index. This model used the combination of qualitative and quantitative analytic hierarchy process, to meet the multi-level, multi-objective characteristics of evaluation index system. The evaluation index system and evaluation model can be used to analysis the ecological suitability of port projects comprehensively and have some guiding significance to the port ecological suitability evaluation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.71303263)the State Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.71431006)+6 种基金the Key Projects of Philosophy and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education of China (Grant No.13JZD016)the Major Program of the National Social Science Foundation of China (Grant No.11&ZD166)the Humanities and Social Sciences Program Foundation of the Ministry of Education of China (Grant No.11YJC790312)the Doctoral Foundation of the Ministry of Education of China (Grant No.20130162120045)the Energysaving and Emission Reduction Demonstration Project of Changsha City (Grant No.CSCG-HNSZ-DY20131002,Procurement of [2013D] 0012-1 Changsha Finance)the Social Sciences Program Foundation of Hunan Province (Grant No.13YBA353)the Soft Science Program of Hunan Province (Grant No.2014ZK3124)
文摘At present,the research on circular economy has made a lot of substantive results both at home and abroad.But for the papermaking enterprise,which is the representative of the light industry,few studies have analyzed the evaluation index system of circular economy.Since the current material flow analyses have limitations that the researchers cannot calculate materials with different units.The authors take advantage of the intrinsic correlation between the basic principle of value flow analysis and circular economy,and then analyze the dynamic changes of material flow and value flow through enterprises internal production process.Considering the resource output,the authors set up the layered structure of the evaluation index system,and then preliminarily determine the index form.Next,the authors use the frequency statistics analysis method to adjust indicators,forming a preliminary index system.After that,the principal component analysis and independent analysis are applied for screening.Finally,the authors build a circular economy evaluation index system for papermaking enterprise to provide scientific guidance for the process of circular economy.
基金funded by the National Key R&D Program of China(2020YFB1710100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52275337,52090042,51905188).
文摘The intelligent detection technology driven by X-ray images and deep learning represents the forefront of advanced techniques and development trends in flaw detection and automated evaluation of light alloy castings.However,the efficacy of deep learning models hinges upon a substantial abundance of flaw samples.The existing research on X-ray image augmentation for flaw detection suffers from shortcomings such as poor diversity of flaw samples and low reliability of quality evaluation.To this end,a novel approach was put forward,which involves the creation of the Interpolation-Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Network(I-DCGAN)for flaw detection image generation and a comprehensive evaluation algorithm named TOPSIS-IFP.I-DCGAN enables the generation of high-resolution,diverse simulated images with multiple appearances,achieving an improvement in sample diversity and quality while maintaining a relatively lower computational complexity.TOPSIS-IFP facilitates multi-dimensional quality evaluation,including aspects such as diversity,authenticity,image distribution difference,and image distortion degree.The results indicate that the X-ray radiographic images of magnesium and aluminum alloy castings achieve optimal performance when trained up to the 800th and 600th epochs,respectively.The TOPSIS-IFP value reaches 78.7%and 73.8%similarity to the ideal solution,respectively.Compared to single index evaluation,the TOPSIS-IFP algorithm achieves higher-quality simulated images at the optimal training epoch.This approach successfully mitigates the issue of unreliable quality associated with single index evaluation.The image generation and comprehensive quality evaluation method developed in this paper provides a novel approach for image augmentation in flaw recognition,holding significant importance for enhancing the robustness of subsequent flaw recognition networks.
基金supported by the Henan Institute for Chinese Development Strategy of Engineering&Technology(Grant No.2022HENZDA02)the Since&Technology Department of Sichuan Province Project(Grant No.2021YFH0010)the High‐End Foreign Experts Program of the Yunnan Revitalization Talents Support Plan of Yunnan Province.
文摘Large‐scale underground hydrogen storage(UHS)provides a promising method for increasing the role of hydrogen in the process of carbon neutrality and energy transition.Of all the existing storage deposits,salt caverns are recognized as ideal sites for pure hydrogen storage.Evaluation and optimization of site selection for hydrogen storage facilities in salt caverns have become significant issues.In this article,the software CiteSpace is used to analyze and filter hot topics in published research.Based on a detailed classification and analysis,a“four‐factor”model for the site selection of salt cavern hydrogen storage is proposed,encompassing the dynamic demands of hydrogen energy,geological,hydrological,and ground factors of salt mines.Subsequently,20 basic indicators for comprehensive suitability grading of the target site were screened using the analytic hierarchy process and expert survey methods were adopted,which provided a preliminary site selection system for salt cavern hydrogen storage.Ultimately,the developed system was applied for the evaluation of salt cavern hydrogen storage sites in the salt mines of Pingdingshan City,Henan Province,thereby confirming its rationality and effectiveness.This research provides a feasible method and theoretical basis for the site selection of UHS in salt caverns in China.
基金Foundation for Humanities and Social Sciences Research Planning of Ministry of Education of China in 2019(19YJA630058).
文摘Based on the research on talent ecosystem,China s marine talent ecosystem was evaluated and analyzed from the aspects of its constituent elements,characteristics,operation mechanism,and evolution mechanism,and an evaluation index system of China s marine talent ecosystem was constructed.Finally,relevant suggestions on the optimization and perfection of China s marine talent ecosystem were put forward.The research has guiding significance for the in-depth analysis of China s marine talent ecosystem.
文摘Smart cities depend highly on an intelligent electrical networks to provide a reliable,safe,and clean power supplies.A smart grid achieves such aforementioned power supply by ensuring resilient energy delivery,which presents opportunities to improve the cost-effectiveness of power supply and minimize environmental impacts.A systematic evaluation of the comprehensive benefits brought by smart grid to smart cities can provide necessary theoretical fundamentals for urban planning and construction towards a sustainable energy future.However,most of the present methods of assessing smart cities do not fully take into account the benefits expected from the smart grid.To comprehensively evaluate the development levels of smart cities while revealing the supporting roles of smart grids,this article proposes a model of smart city development needs from the perspective of residents’needs based on Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs theory,which serves the primary purpose of building a smart city.By classifying and reintegrating the needs,an evaluation index system of smart grids supporting smart cities was further constructed.A case analysis concluded that smart grids,as an essential foundation and objective requirement for smart cities,are important in promoting scientific urban management,intelligent infrastructure,refined public services,efficient energy utilization,and industrial development and modernization.Further optimization suggestions were given to the city analyzed in the case include strengthening urban management and infrastructure constructions,such as electric vehicle charging facilities and wireless coverage.
文摘The present building facility management status in China resulted in many problems such as high energy consumption,failure of automation control,services failure and poor indoor air quality.Based on questionnaires and interviews to professional engineers and building users,a comprehensive evaluation index system was established on facility management of high-rise office buildings.A Fuzzy AHP based upon hierarchy criteria system was established.A Fuzzy AHP Evaluation Model on Facility Management System was set up;α-cut analysis was introduced and incorporated with expert knowledge together,which made up the optimism index λ.The fuzzy optimum crisp weight of each criterion was resulted from data-mining.Case investigations were processed in high-rise office buildings in Shenyang.The results illustrated that indoor air quality,thermal comfort and life cycle cost were the most important indexes in the evaluation of Facility Management System of high rise office buildings.Residents in high-rise buildings in Shenyang pay less attention to maintenance management and environment protection.By comparison with the analysis result of Export Choice,Fuzzy AHP-based evaluation model could act as a scientific reference for the establishment of governmental standards in facility management area in building.
文摘AIM: To evaluate the medical quality of ophthalmologic perioperative period during 2010-2012 in our hospital. METHODS: The relevant data of perioperative period were collected in our hospital during 2010-2012, and the medical quality of perioperative period was evaluated by using the traditional evaluation indexes and adverse events. Whereby, the traditional indicators include vision changes, improving of intraocular pressure, diagnostic accordance rate before and after operation, cure improvement rate, successful rescue rate, and incidence of surgical complications, etc Adverse events are associated with ophthalmologic perioperative events including pressure sores, postoperative wound infection, drug adverse events, and equipment related adverse events. RESULTS: There were 1483, 1662 and 1931 ophthalmic operations in our hospital in the year 2010, 2011 and 2012, respectively. From traditional index analysis, the proportions of vision improvement for each year were 96.43%, 96.76% and 97.32%, respectively; the rates of intraocular pressure improvement were 87.50%, 85.72% and 90.17%, respectively ( P <0.05); the diagnostic accordance rates before and after operation were 99.86%, 99.94% and 99.90%, respectively; cure improvement rates were 99.73%, 99.93% and 99.84%, respectively; the successful rescue rates were 82.98%, 81.46% and 76.66%, respectively; the complications incidence rates were 18.44%, 17.52% and 17.97%, respectively. The negative factor analysis results showed that: among all the patients of ophthalmic surgeries in our hospital during 2010 and 2012, only one case of postoperative wound infection was found in 2011, and also only one case of tumbling in 2010. The adverse drug events for each year were 1 case (0.07%), 2 cases (0.12%), and 4 cases (0.21%), respectively; the medical device adverse events for each year were 3 cases (0.20%), 5 cases (0.30%), and 6 cases (0.31%), respectively. Noticeably, only one case with postoperative infection of endophthalmitis was found in 2011. Moreover, no pulmonary infection or pulmonary embolism occurred during the three years. The perioperative adverse event rates for each year were 0.34% (5/1483), 0.48% (8/1662) and 0.52% (10/1931), respectively. Though incidence was rising during the three years, no statistical significance was observed (P>0.05). It is the same case with drugs and medical devices adverse events (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Traditional indicators reflect an excellent operation of the perioperative ophthalmologic quality, whereas adverse events analysis indicates some underlying problems. Compared with the traditional indexes for medical quality evaluation, the index of adverse events is more reasonable and easier to make an objective evaluation for medical quality of ophthalmologic perioperation, facilitating further refine analysis. Reasonable application of the adverse events indicators helps hospital to make the detailed quality control measures.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.51378107the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities and Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions under Grant No.KYLX-0158the National Natural Science Foundation under Grant No.CMMI-1227962
文摘The delay compensation method plays an essential role in maintaining the stability and achieving accurate real-time hybrid simulation results. The effectiveness of various compensation methods in different test scenarios, however, needs to be quantitatively evaluated. In this study, four compensation methods (i.e., the polynomial extrapolation, the linear acceleration extrapolation, the inverse compensation and the adaptive inverse compensation) are selected and compared experimentally using a frequency evaluation index (FEI) method. The effectiveness of the FEI method is first verified through comparison with the discrete transfer fimction approach for compensation methods assuming constant delay. Incomparable advantage is further demonstrated for the FEI method when applied to adaptive compensation methods, where the discrete transfer function approach is difficult to implement. Both numerical simulation and laboratory tests with predefined displacements are conducted using sinusoidal signals and random signals as inputs. Findings from numerical simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the FEI method is an efficient and effective approach to compare the performance of different compensation methods, especially for those requiring adaptation of compensation parameters.
基金National Science Foundation of China(91637105,41775048 and 41475041)National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFC1507800)Research on Tourism Traffic Meteorological Service Products in Heilongjiang Province(HQZD2017004)
文摘An evaluation index is a prerequisite for the scientific evaluation of a public meteorological service.This paper aims to explore a technical method for determining and screening evaluation indicators.Based on public satisfaction survey data obtained in Wafangdian,China in 2010,this study investigates the suitability of fuzzy clustering analysis method in establishing an evaluation index.Through quantitative analysis of multilayer fuzzy clustering of various evaluation indicators,correlation analysis indicates that if the results of clustering were identical for two evaluation indicators in the same sub-evaluation layer,then one indicator could be removed,or the two indicators merged.For evaluation indicators in different sub-evaluation layers,although clustering reveals attribute correlations,these indicators may not be substituted for one another.Analysis of the applicability of the fuzzy clustering method shows that it plays a certain role in the establishment and correction of an evaluation index.