NUMERICAL COMPUTATION OF THE FLOW AROUND TWO SQUARE CYLINDERS ARRANGED SIDE-BY-SIDE

The numerical method is used to calculate the flow around two square cylinders arranged side-by-side and the mean and fluctuating aerodynamic forces, and Strouhal numbers and power spectrum of lift force and drag force are obtained. An improved MAC method proposed by Chen Suqin et al.,which uses three order upwind scheme to discretize the convection term and uses multigrid method to solve the Poisson equation for pressure is applied to simulate the flow around two square cylinders arranged side-by-side. Results show that the interference characteristic of two square cylinders arranged side-by-side is completely different with the different spacing ratio. When the spacing ratio is smaller than a certain critical value, the gap flow between two cylinders is biased to one side in a stable or unstable manner.

Two-Dimensional Simulation of the Navier-Stokes Equations for Laminar and Turbulent Flow around a Heated Square Cylinder with Forced Convection

Few studies jointly investigate thermal and turbulent effects. In general, these subjects are treated separately. The purpose of this paper is to use the Immersed Boundary Method (IBM) coupled with the Virtual Physical Model (VPM) to investigate incompressible two-dimensional Newtonian flow around a heated square cylinder at constant temperature on its surface with forced convection and turbulence. The VPM model dynamically evaluates the force that the fluid exerts on the immersed surface and the thermal exchange between both in the Reynolds numbers (Re) window 40 ≤ Re ≤ 5×103 . For simulations of turbulence the Smagorinsky and Spalart-Allmaras models are used. The first model uses the Large Eddy Simulation (LES) methodology and is based on the local equilibrium hypothesis for small scales associated with the Boussinesq hypothesis, such that the energy injected into the spectrum of the turbulence balances the energy dissipated by convective effects. The second model uses the concept Unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes Equations (URANS), with only one transport equation for turbulent viscosity, being calibrated in pressure gradient layers. The goal of this work is to analyse the combination of the heat-transfer phenomena with the turbulence for the thermo-fluid-structure interaction in a square cylinder. For this, it was developed a C/C++ code that requires low computational costs in regards to memory and computer facilities. It is observed that, with the increase of the Reynolds number, an increase of the drag coefficient occurs, as well as reinforces the influence of the pressure distribution downstream of the cylinder, which is strongly influenced by the formation and detachment of vortices on the upper and lower sides of the square cylinder.

Least Square Finite Element Method for Viscous Splitting of Unsteady Incompressible Navier–Stokes Equations

In order to solve unsteady incompressible Navier–Stokes(N–S) equations, a new stabilized finite element method,called the viscous-splitting least square FEM, is proposed. In the model, the N–S equations are split into diffusive and convective parts in each time step. The diffusive part is discretized by the backward difference method in time and discretized by the standard Galerkin method in space. The convective part is a first-order nonlinear equation.After the linearization of the nonlinear part by Newton’s method, the convective part is also discretized by the backward difference method in time and discretized by least square scheme in space. C0-type element can be used for interpolation of the velocity and pressure in the present model. Driven cavity flow and flow past a circular cylinder are conducted to validate the present model. Numerical results agree with previous numerical results, and the model has high accuracy and can be used to simulate problems with complex geometry.

Control of Vortex Shedding and Drag Reduction through Dual Splitter Plates Attached to a Square Cylinder

In this paper we have made a numerical study on the control of vortex shedding and drag reduction of a cylinder by attaching thin splitter plates. The wake structure of the cylinder of square cross-section with attached splitter plates is analyzed for a range of Reynolds number, based on the incident stream and height of the cylinder, in the laminar range. The Navier-Stokes equations governing the flow are solved by the control volume method over a staggered grid arrangement. We have used the semi-implicit method for pressure-linked equation （SIMPLE） algorithm for computation. Our results show that the presence of a splitter plate upstream of the cylinder reduces the drag, but it has a small impact on the vortex shedding frequency when the plate length is beyond 1.5 time the height of the cylinder. The presence of a downstream splitter plate dampens the vortex shedding frequency. The entrainment of fluid into the inner side of the separated shear layers is obstructed by the downstream splitter plate. Our results suggest that by attaching in-line splitter plates both upstream and downstream of the cylinder, the vortex shedding can be suppressed, as well as a reduction in drag be obtained. We made a parametric study to determine the optimal length of these splitter plates so as to achieve low drag and low vortex shedding frequency.

Forced convection heat transfer due to different inclination angles of splitter behind square cylinder

A numerical investigation is carried out to study the effect of splitter＇s inclination angle behind an inclined square cylinder on the forced convection heat transfer in a plan channel using the lattice Boltzmann method （LBM）. The simulations are conducted for the pertinent parameters in the following ranges： the Reynolds number Re=50-300, the gap ratio G/d = 2, and the splitter＇s inclination angle 8 = 0°-90°. The results show that with the increase in the angle of the splitter, the drag coefficient initially decreases and then increases. Moreover, the time-averaged Nusselt number at a certain angle increases noticeably.

Evaluation and Analysis of Provincial Differences in Resources and Environment Carrying Capacity in China

Resources and environment carrying capacity is central to not only regional sustainable development but also major function-oriented zoning. This paper presents an evaluation index system for resources and environment carrying capacity based on four aspects of carrying capacity(i.e., water resources, land resources, the environment, and ecosystems) by using a square deviation decision-making method, and on the basis of above effort evaluates the resources and environment carrying capacity across 31 provincial regions in China(not including Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan regions of China). In addition, this paper evaluates the current state of socio-economic development, and analyzes the spatial distribution of resources and environment pressure. The results showed that distinct spatial differences in resources and environment carrying capacity and pressure across provincial regions. Resources and environment pressure is affected by both comprehensive resources and environment carrying capacity and socio-economic development. Regions subjected to lower degrees of resources and environment pressure will be restricted by resources and environmental problems through future courses of development owing to excessively low carrying capacities. By contrast, regions with higher comprehensive resources and environment carrying capacity will be subjected to excessively high levels of resources and environment pressure because of rapid socio-economic development. Both of resources and environment carrying capacity and pressure must therefore be considered in the allocation of country-binding targets to provincial regions.

Evaluation of dimension of fractal time series with the least square method

Properties of fractional Brownian motions （fBms） have been investigated by researchers in different fields, e.g. statistics, hydrology, biology, finance, and public transportation, which has helped us better understand many complex time series observed in nature [1-4]. The Hurst exponent H （0 〈 H 〈 1） is the most important parameter characterizing any given time series F（t）, where t represents the time steps, and the fractal dimension D is determined via the relation D = 2 - H.

基于快速进行平方算法的巡检机器人路径规划研究

针对目前快速行进平方法在实际场景中对Sat值选取缺乏评价尺度的问题,提出一种改进的快速行进平方法以应用于巡检机器人的路径规划。该改进方法引入路径评价函数,通过对机器人行驶距离、行驶角度变化量和与障碍物的距离进行无量纲化处理,以获取当前环境下最优的截止阈值参数Sat。构建了PID控制算法,校正了机器人的动作误差。使用MATLAB软件绘制实际运动轨迹,比较相关路径参数。仿真实验表明,改进后的快速行进平方法可根据截止阈值参数Sat生成适用于不同车型和环境特点的最优路径。该研究的改进方法为巡检机器人在实际应用中的路径规划提供了参考。

定时截尾试验下滚动轴承的可靠性评估方法

越来越多的轴承具有高可靠性、长寿命的特点,针对该类轴承的定时截尾寿命试验,提出了一种基于区间统计量的可靠性评估方法:充分利用从最后一个失效数据继续试验到没有发生产品失效这一重要试验信息,结合威布尔分布建立了轴承的寿命分布模型,并根据高斯-马尔科夫定理提出了基于区间统计量的轴承寿命分布参数最佳线性无偏估计方法,同时推导出轴承可靠度和可靠寿命的单侧置信下限。通过仿真分析和某圆柱滚子轴承试验验证了该方法的有效性和适用性,结果表明与极大似然估计法和最小二乘法相比,该方法更接近真实值。

Numerical simulation of viscous flow past an oscillating square cylinder using a CIP-based model

The flow past an in-line forced oscillating square cylinder at Reynolds number of 200 is studied using an in-house code, named constrained interpolation profile method developed in Zhejiang University （CIP-ZJU）. The model is established in the Cartesian coordinate system using the CIP method to discretise the Navier-Stokes equations. The fluid-structure interaction is treated as a multiphase flow of the liquid and solid phases to be solved simultaneously. An immersed boundary method is used to deal with the boundary of the solid body. The CFD model is first applied to the computation of the flow past a fixed square cylinder for its validation. Computations are then performed for the flow past a square cylinder oscillating in the streamwise direction. Considerable attention is paid to the symmetric and anti-symmetric modes of the vortex shedding in the oscillating square cylinder wake. Various oscillation amplitudes and frequencies are simulated and their effects on the vortex shedding modes are analyzed via Lissajous patterns of the unsteady lift coefficient. The relationship among the lift coefficient, the drag coefficient and the lock-on range is also investigated quantitatively.

Numerical simulation of flow past a square cylinder with a circular bar upstream and a splitter plate downstream

A numerical investigation of flow past a square cylinder with a circular bar upstream and a splitter plate downstream is carried out in this paper by lattice Boltzmann method(LBM).The combination of the three obstacles and LBM is the main novelty of the present study.The flow patterns are analyzed by a uniform flow of Reynolds number 100 based on the side length of the square cylinder,D.Numerical simulations are performed in the range of 1≤Ds/D≤5,0≤G/D≤7 and 1≤L/D≤6,where Ds,G and L are the center-to center distance,surface-to-surface distance and the splitter plate length,respectively.Six flow patterns are observed in the present study.The maximum percentage reduction in mean drag coefficient is 68.76%at(ds,g,l)=(2.5,0,3)which is in pattern VI.The vortex shedding from the square cylinder and the circular bar can be completely suppressed in pattern VI.The small distance between the square cylinder and the splitter plate plays a more vital role in suppression of vortex shedding as compared with large distance and length.

声源定位算法反馈机制的引入

近年来人们对声源定位实时性的需求不断提高,实时性要求在采集较短的音频情况下实现准确定位。通过麦克风阵列的几何分布,在时延估计定位算法引入一种普适的反馈机制以提高声源定位的准确性。利用Matlab编写仿真程序在二维平面内进行定位仿真,对比引入反馈机制前、后的定位效果。仿真结果表明,引入反馈机制后声源定位算法的抗噪性、抗混响性和稳定性均有不同程度的提高。搭建一套声源定位设备进行实际测试,实验结果表明,大多数声源坐标估计值和实际值的偏差在1 cm以内,实现了cm级的定位。这为噪声场中声音信号的处理提供了更多的可能性,例如实现更高性能的降噪。

耦合VOR和In VEST模型的广西北部湾经济区生态系统健康时空变化研究

探究广西北部湾经济区(以下简称“研究区”)2001-2020年生态系统健康时空动态变化特征,可为研究区生态系统健康和社会经济可持续发展提供数据支持与理论参考。耦合“活力组织弹性”(Vigor Organization Resilience,VOR)模型、生态系统服务和权衡的综合评估(Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade offs,InVEST)模型构建生态系统健康多指标评价体系,并建立最小二乘法优化赋权模型对各评价指标进行优化赋权,对研究区生态系统健康状况进行评价与分析。结果表明:①研究区近20年来生态系统健康等级为三级的区域面积占研究区总面积的85%左右,且处于相对较为稳定的变化状态,研究区生态系统健康整体处于一般健康水平以上;②研究区生态系统健康状况总体上呈现北部、西部和南部地区优于中部和东部地区的空间分布差异;③研究区生态系统健康等级转移呈现以稳定型为主、退化型面积略大于改善型面积的空间变化特征,生态系统健康状况总体呈现轻微恶化趋势;④对研究区6个城市的生态系统健康从时间尺度和空间尺度对比分析发现,崇左、防城港、钦州3市生态系统健康状况变化较为明显,而南宁、玉林、北海3市相对较为平缓,但各市健康等级空间分布变化趋势较为吻合。本研究结果对推动广西北部湾经济区生态文明建设协调发展具有实际意义。

基于MCM的多项式最小二乘法拟合的不确定度评定

通过利用仪器校准证书中的校准结果内容,可以从中得到测量值对应的修正值。为了获得任意测量值的修正数据,采用多项式最小二乘法进行拟合是一种常用手段。在研究拟合后修正值的不确定度的评定时发现,测量值的扩展不确定度会对其评定产生较大的影响。本文基于蒙特卡洛法(CMC法),对多项式最小二乘法拟合的修正值进行不确定度评定,通过利用Python编程实现MCM法评定其不确定度的步骤,获得不确定度结果。因此,MCM法在评定多项式最小二乘法修正值拟合的不确定度评定提供一定的技术参考。

基于BUCK变换器非爆炸本安评价系统研究

应用在煤矿等危险环境下开关变换器必须满足防爆要求,本安型变换器必须在GB 3836标准的爆炸试验平台测试其是否满足输出本安的要求,这种方法耗时过长、不能直接指导本安电路的设计与制造。为了方便评价BUCK变换器的输出本安性能,以电容电路最小点燃电压曲线的数值拟合为依据,建立了输出本安性能评价系统。利用能量等效原理将BUCK电路等效变换为电容电路,并采用最小二乘法对电容电路的最小点燃曲线进行拟合,实现了最小点燃曲线的数值化;其次,利用仿真软件搭建了可以通过界面显示的本安判据结果的评价系统。最终采用2组实验结果对本安评价系统进行测试,验证了所搭建本安评价系统的可行性。

视觉图像缩放效果评价心理感知模型设计

当前视觉图像缩放效果评价模型仅采用硬性评价指标,缺少对模糊参数评价的灵活性,存在敏感性低、评价结果主客观一致性差和评价代价高的问题,故设计视觉图像缩放效果评价的心理感知模型。通过提取图像底层亮度、颜色及方向等视觉感知特征完成特征采集;再通过视觉图像缩放评价参数分析计算质量参数和变形度参数,得出缩放视觉图像的形变量和变形区域,利用特征和相关参数构建心理感知模型,以实现视觉图像缩放效果评价。该实验结果表明,设计模型评价代价较低、敏感性较高、评价结果的主观一致性较好。

轨道交通牵引电机绕组温升测量不确定度分析及应用

电机温升测量对评估电机的性能、保障电机的安全运行具有重要意义。为了更有效、更准确、更科学地评价牵引电机温升测量结果,引入测量不确定度的概念,如此测量结果才有实际意义。文章基于技术规范JJF 1059.1—2012《测量不确定度评定与表示》,提出一种牵引电机温升测量不确定度评定方法。其首先全面分析了采用标准IEC 60349-2:2010 Electric traction-Rotating electrical machines for rail and road vehicles-Part2:Electronic converter-fed alternating current motors进行牵引电机温升测量其结果不确定度的来源,然后构建了不确定度评定模型,并借用实例进行测量不确定度的评定,涉及标准不确定度的评定、合成不确定度的计算和扩展不确定度的计算。结果显示,在置信概率为95%的情况下,电机温升测量结果为79.22 K,测量结果扩展不确定度为1.30 K,定量表征了测试结果的质量。该方法为机车车辆牵引电机温升测量结果的可信度提供了技术依据,同时为电机绕组温升测量及采用最小二乘法曲线拟合带来的不确定度评定提供了指导。

两串列方柱绕流的干扰数值研究

用数值方法研究了绕流两串列方柱的气动力及其相互干扰 ,使用了经改进的标志网格 (MAC)方法对相同尺寸的方柱在不同间距比下的流场进行了数值模拟 .结果表明 :实验中观测到的两串列方柱的阻力不随两方柱的间距比连续变化 ,而是在临界间距比时出现不连续跳跃的现象得到了成功的再现 ,数值计算所得的阻力值与风洞实验值吻合得比较好 .

用Lattice Boltzmann方法模拟方柱绕流

用LatticeBoltzmann方法模拟了两种情况下的方柱绕流:方柱位于流场的边壁和方柱位于流场的中央.在第1种情况中,分析了流场的流线、速度矢量分布以及方柱后面绕流形成的回流区长度随Reynolds数的变化曲线;在第2种情况中,除了给出稳定时流场的流线、速度矢量分布和压力分布以外,还模拟了Re=150时方柱后面形成的周期旋涡现象.两种情况下的计算结果与其他文献中的计算数值和试验数据是一致的.

基于Lattice Boltzmann方法的方柱绕流模拟

从分子动力论出发,探讨了模拟不可压缩粘性流动的Lattice Boltzmann(LB)方法.根据粒子平衡分布函数和非平衡反弹思想,提出了高效的出口边界条件处理格式.结合区域分裂技术设计了适合集群计算机运算的LB并行算法,并用C++程序语言开发了LB并行计算程序.通过对不同雷诺数时的方柱绕流模拟,验证了本文方法的有效性,同时详细分析了雷诺数对方柱绕流特性的影响.