Service Object-based Evaluation Framework of Economic, Social and Ecological Benefits of Urban Green Spaces

Researchers' understandings of economic, ecological and social benefits of urban green spaces were discussed from many perspectives, connotations of such three major benefits were redefined, existing problems in the present evaluation were analyzed. According to service objects of urban green spaces, 6 relationship fields were classified, specifically, global ecology, regional environment, regional health, basic life, spiritual life and material life, a basic framework for evaluating economic, ecological and social benefits of urban green spaces was proposed.

Research status and hotspots of economic evaluation in nursing by co-word clustering analysis

Objective:The aim of this study is to discover research status and hotspots of economic evaluation(EE)in nursing area using co-word cluster analysis.Methods:Medical Subject Heading(MeSH)term“cost–benefit analysis”was searched in PubMed and nursing journals were limited by the function of filter.The information of author,country,year,journal,and keywords of collected paper was extracted and exported to Bicomb 2.0 system,where high-frequency terms and other data could be further mined.SPSS 19.0 was used for cluster analysis to generate dendrogram.Results:In all,3,020 articles were found and 10,573 MeSH terms were detected;among them,1,909 were MeSH major topics and generated 42 high-frequency terms.The consequence of dendrogram showed seven clusters,representing seven research hotspots:skin administration,infection prevention,education program,nurse education and management,EE research,neoplasm patient,and extension of nurse function.Conclusions:Nursing EE research involved multiple aspects in nursing area,which is an important indicator for decision-making.Although the number of papers is increasing,the quality of study is not promising.Therefore,further study may be required to detect nurses’knowledge of economic analysis method and their attitude to apply it into nursing research.More nursing economics course could carry out in nursing school or hospitals.

Technical, Economic and Environmental Evaluation on Mechanical Rice Straw Gathering Method

Rice straw is a rice by-product, which is currently mostly wasted in Vietnam, in particular in the Mekong delta. At present, the cost of straw gathering is increasing because of the increased use of combine harvesters. High labor cost and lack of labor makes manual collection unfeasible. Farmers therefore often just burn it, which causes pollution, increased greenhouse gas emissions and loss of opportunities to value add. An economic and environmental evaluation and technical field testing of a straw baler with 4 ha/day capacity was therefore conducted in Long An province. During the field testing data on the gathering capacity, fuel consumption, labor requirement and other cost items were collected. The test results showed that the baling cost is US$19.0 per ton of rice straw, the pay-back period of 2. 1 years and the internal rate of return of 38%. In addition to the baling cost, the transportation cost varies from US$24 for a distance of 100 km to US$32 for 150 km. The benefits of the machine are not only economical but also include the reduction of field burning.

Typical Application Scenarios and Economic Benefit Evaluation Methods of Battery Energy Storage System

Energy storage system is an important means to improve the flexibility and safety of traditional power system,but it has the problem of high cost and unclear value recovery path.In this paper,the typical application scenarios of energy storage system are summarized and analyzed from the perspectives of user side,power grid side and power generation side.Based on the typical application scenarios,the economic benefit assessment framework of energy storage system including value,time and efficiency indicators is proposed.Typical battery energy storage projects are selected for economic benefit calculation according to different scenarios,and key factors are selected for sensitivity analysis.Finally,the key factors affecting economic benefit of the energy storage system are analyzed.

Construction of Dynamic Evaluation Model for Economic Benefits under Development of Low-Carbon New Energy

Because the static evaluation is unable to reflect the dynamic features of economic benefits and the contribution of sustainable development of low-carbon new energy to economic benefits is huge,this article puts forward the dynamic evaluation model of economic benefits under the development of low-carbon new energy.Total energy,energy consumption structure,industrial structure,GDP,total population and energy supply structure were taken as independent variables,and the carbon intensity was taken as the dependent variable.Through t-test and decision coefficient,total energy,energy consumption structure,GDP and total population were determined as the main factors of influencing low-carbon economy.Based on these four main factors,the dynamic evaluation index system of economic benefits was constructed.Experimental results show that the proposed model can comprehensively reflect the economic benefit level and the contribution of low-carbon new energy.Therefore,this method has high evaluation accuracy,which can provide scientific reference for the economic benefit management of relevant management departments.

The need for a new framework for the economic evaluation of health services in a national health scheme

The normative theory of economic evaluation and its welfare theoretic basis are deeply problematical and result in recommendations which are potentially unfair. The root cause of the problem is the set of assumptions behind the theory which posit behaviours and motivations that are not universal, and which exclude other behaviours and motivations that are potentially important. As falsification of assumptions may be evaded indefinitely this paper presents an alternative critique. We commence with six an- omalies with the theory which are attributable to the assumptions. The first three—the net present value criterion, the willingness to pay criterion and moral hazard—arise from welfare theory. The remaining three are associated with the present definition of cost, the concept of efficiency and the omission of sharing, which are common to most economic evaluation. We argue that these anomalies are indicative of a defective core theory and that they are equivalent to observations that conflict with a positive theory. In the final section we outline and illustrate a more general framework for decision making that is capable of overcoming the ano- malies we discuss.

Cost-benefit Analysis of Land Development Projects Based on Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Model

Ecological and environmental issues have always been the focus of government work. The economic losses caused by air pollution,water pollution,noise pollution and solid waste pollution caused by land use development projects are estimated,and the total population economic losses are incorporated into project costing. Using the analytic hierarchy process,four benefit indicators and five cost indicators are selected for constructing a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model to evaluate the cost-benefit of projects of different scales. The projects of different scales are ranked according to the level of comprehensive scores. The results show that large-scale projects are cost-effective and stable over the long term,and there are differences in the main sources of pollution-caused economic losses for projects of different scales. At last,reasonable policy suggestions are made to relevant planning and management personnel.

Advanced Methods of Evaluating Benefits from Improved Flood Immunity in Queensland

The regular occurrence and the high costs of flooding to both road agencies and communities is a strong impetus to investigate the methodologies applied to evaluating flood immunity road projects. Very little literature exists on methods of evaluating the benefits of improving flood immunity through better road infrastructure. This paper attempts to address some of the numerous issues hindering the accurate evaluation of flood immunity road projects. The methodologies presented in this paper are designed to evaluate benefits that are not normally included or not fully considered in evaluations; such benefits include reduced flood related road accidents, costs of not travelling during the closure period and additional costs from unanticipated flood events. A key focus of the paper is the consideration of the evaluation of improved flood immunity from a network perspective rather than the typical approach of evaluating flood immunity projects in isolation to each other. The application of the proposed methodologies is demonstrated with a hypothetical example of a typical rural network subjected to regular flooding. The results of the analysis, conducted using the proposed methodologies, reveals that the currently applied methodologies account for less than half the likely value of benefits of a package of projects that will prevent the complete isolation of communities during serious flood events.

The significance of resource recycling for coking wastewater treatment:based on environmental and economic life cycle assessment

The sustainability of the coking industry is supported by reasonable production profit and environmental quality requirements.The traditional measures substantially increased the related costs for enterprises to reach standards.This paper aims to develop a comprehensive cost combined environmental impact assessment method that is necessary for the analysis of wastewater treatment systems.Typical three coking wastewater treatment processes in China were evaluated.Results showed that eutrophication dominantly contributed to the overall environmental effect.Improving effluent quality could significantly reduce the total environmental impact.In terms of an economic perspective,the price of raw materials was the main factor that affected the operating cost of comprehensive treatment.Based on subsystem analysis,the pretreatment stage accounted for the majority of environmental and cost burdens,respectively reaching 64%-78%and 64%-86%.Optimizing the pretreatment process by enhancing the efficiency of high concentration raw material recovery and substituting toxic raw materials for extractant could reduce the environmental impact and economic cost by 43.8%and 57%,respectively,which was an effective way to improve the potential performance of coking wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs).

Using the Method of Maximizing Deviation to Make Decision for M ultiindices

This paper takes the synthesizing evaluation about industrial economic benefits by examples and proposes a new method named maximizing deviation method for multiindices decision. The new method can automatically determine the weight coefficients among the multiindices and also can obtain the exact and reliable evaluation results without subjectivity.

Comprehensive Techniques for Improving the Utilization Rate of Sows in Large-scale Pig Farms

The main task of sows is to breed piglets. The reproductive performance of sows is different due to different techniques adopted in the production of pig farms, which determines the utilization rate of sows and the number of sows in the pig farms. The article analyzed the reproductive performance of sows from the technical point of view, so that the utilization rate of sows can be paid enough attention in the production of pig farms.It is suggested that the technical training should be strengthened in pig farms to improve the corresponding technical level. Meanwhile, pig farms should make the full use of reproductive performance of sows to obtain the maximum economic benefit.

A Simple Additive Weighting Method for Time-SeriesMultiindices Decision Making and Its Applications

This paper takes the evaluation of overall economic benefit by an example and proposes a simple additive weighting method for time-series multiindices decision making. The method can automatically determine the weight coefficients among the multiindices and the years respectively and it also can obtain the objective evaluation results and conclusions.

CCUS-EOR项目经济系统评价方法及其应用

CCUS-EOR是碳捕集利用与封存体系中专用于强化采油或提高采收率的技术,是社会和企业实现“双碳”目标的重要技术途径。CCUS-EOR项目投资大、风险高,经济效益和社会效益显著,开展科学评价工作尤为重要。结合工作实践,梳理了CCUS-EOR项目经济评价的方法和流程,并对精细分析增量成本、多层次多角度评价项目效益、评价碳减排指标、评估社会效益以及全产业链经济效益评价等关键指标开展了深入的分析和总结,创造性地提出了一些指标和观点,探索形成了聚焦CCUS项目全产业链要素的CCUS-EOR项目经济系统评价方法体系。研究成果为此类项目科学决策提供了技术支持。

中国出口经济利益与环境成本绩效评价

文章利用多区域投入产出模型并借助“贸易条件”概念,编制相对出口增加值率和出口隐含碳污染条件指数;构建出口经济利益-环境成本增长弹性系数,对中国通过出口获得的经济利益与付出的环境成本进行绩效评价。结果表明:加入世界贸易组织初期,中国总体出口经济利益处于有利地位,但此后呈现持续下滑态势;中国总体出口环境成本相对较大,但呈现相对改善态势;中国对贸易伙伴出口的经济利益与环境成本绩效总体呈现优化态势。

长江经济带生态产品价值实现效益评价及影响因素研究

生态产品价值实现能够将生态优势转变为发展优势,开展生态产品价值实现定量评价研究有助于明确生态产品价值实现现状,进一步推动相关工作进程。基于生态产品价值实现效益的理论基础,构建长江经济带生态产品价值实现效益评价指标体系,运用全局熵值法、耦合协调模型测度2014—2021年该区生态产品价值实现效益水平及其耦合协调度,采用地理探测器探究生态产品价值实现效益的影响因素。结果表明:第一,长江经济带各区域、各省(市)生态产品价值实现效益整体呈增长态势;上游地区生态效益较为突出,中游地区生态效益和社会效益较高,下游地区经济效益和社会效益较高;江苏年均效益值最高(0.499),重庆年均效益值最低(0.330)。第二,长江经济带各区域、各省(市)生态产品价值实现的生态效益、经济效益、社会效益耦合协调水平均在不断提高;上游、中游和下游地区耦合协调度均由初级协调状态上升至中级协调状态。浙江年均耦合协调度最高(0.753),上海年均耦合协调度最低(0.591)。第三,科技水平、旅游景区个数、环境规制是影响长江经济带生态产品价值实现效益的主导因素,各项因子交互作用后对生态产品价值实现效益的解释力度明显增强,其交互作用类型均为双因子增强或非线性增强。

某医院大型医疗设备绩效评价案例分析

以某医院能谱CT为例,遵循相对明确的原则,采用德尔菲法和层次分析法相结合,选定经济指标、技术指标、临床应用指标、社会因素指标和教学科研指标等五项指标,制定大型医疗设备绩效评价实施方案,并进行能谱CT的绩效评价,得出结论并进行分析。

基于绿色建筑全寿命周期的增量成本与收益模型研究

基于绿色建筑全寿命周期理论,以现有绿色建筑评价标准为基础,分析绿色建筑全寿命周期内增量成本与增量收益,构建经济性评价模型,并对某绿色建筑项目进行评估与分析,打破绿色建筑“高消费”的固有模式,推动绿色建筑市场化、普及化,促进绿色建筑发展,加速低碳经济转型。

废弃风机叶片微波热解制取酚类化学品及再生纤维

随着风电装备更新换代和早期机组批量废弃,风机叶片新型固废产量剧增。热解是复合材料资源化利用的有效方法,现有热解相关研究以纤维材料高质回收为主,然而树脂基体热解产物缺乏分离与高值利用评价。采用微波热解反应器处理废弃风机叶片实现纤维与树脂基体高值回收,考察不同反应条件(热解温度、微波功率)对树脂基体分解效率以及产物分布的影响规律,并通过Aspen Plus软件模拟可溶性产物分馏制备单酚化合物、未分离低值组分与不凝气燃烧供热过程。结果表明,在反应温度450℃和微波功率500 W时,环氧树脂热解可溶性产物产率最高(71%),可直接利用单酚化合物选择性最高(60.34%),经分离回收制备高值苯酚与异丙基苯酚。对该工艺回收废弃风机叶片进行物质流分析,评估过程经济效益,证明分离的高值单酚化合物与再生纤维可实现正向收益。

水稻绿色智能肥的增产效应与增产机理研究

绿色智能肥料(GIF)是为响应工业绿色制造与农业绿色可持续生产提出的肥料新理念,以GIF的理念为指导生产了水稻GIF,并评价了该肥料在水稻上的农学应用效果。在氮磷养分等量投入的前提下,在大田设置常规氮磷钾肥料(T1)、复合肥1(T2)、复合肥2(T3)、GIF1(T4)和GIF2(T5)5种肥料施用处理,研究不同肥料品种对水稻产量、产量构成因素、干物质积累、根系生长发育、叶片光合特性、籽粒品质、土壤pH、氮磷养分积累量及肥料经济效益的影响。与常规肥料(T1、T2、T3)相比,T4主要通过增加水稻有效穗数实现了增产作用,较T1、T2和T3分别增产26.2%、28.4%和38.1%。T5主要通过增加有效穗数、稻穗二次支梗穗粒数和粒重实现增产,较T1、T2和T3分别增产38.3%,39.0%和51.4%。相比常规肥料(T1、T2、T3),T4和T5处理显著提高水稻地上部干物质积累量、功能叶SPAD值、土壤pH、氮磷养分含量及积累量,同时促进了水稻根系生长发育且获得较高的产投比。与T1相比,两款常规复合肥(T2、T3)并未对水稻产量及其他农艺性状表现出增效作用。水稻GIF肥对水稻生长、产量和品质提高有显著增效作用,相比常规肥料具有更高的经济效益。

基于合同能源管理模式的既有建筑节能改造项目经济效益评价方法研究

基于合同能源管理模式,为降低项目投资风险性,需在实施前进行科学合理的经济性评价。但对于既有建筑节能改造项目而言,其涉及的功能领域广、技术类型多,且各类技术特点及运营模式均各有不同,若针对各项目特点分别选取不同的经济效益评价指标并逐一对其进行评价,将会极大降低项目经济效益评价工作的效率。因此,将基于工程经济学理论及工程实践经验,选取具有通用性特点的经济效益评价指标,并为采用合同能源管理模式的既有建筑节能改造项目提供科学合理、可操作性强的经济性评价方法,旨在提高改造类项目经济效益评价效率,有效降低项目投资风险。