Aesthetic Evaluation of Commercial Rooftop Plants Based on Beauty Degree Evaluation Method: A Case Study of Chengdu City, China

Rooftop greening not only has ecological benefits such as energy savings, water conservation and air quality improvement but also has aesthetic and social benefits, especially for the rooftops of commercial complexes, which should meet people’s demand for beauty while satisfying sustainable urban development. In this paper, 80 samples of ten commercial rooftops in five old urban areas of Chengdu, China, were selected as the research objects, and the beauty values of different roof types and different plant community types were quantified by the aesthetic evaluation method, and the factors influencing the beauty values were investigated. The results showed that the highest average SBE value was for plant ornamental roofs (0.635), followed by recreational roofs (0.080), and the lowest average SBE value was for sports and fitness (-0.555);Mixed needle-broad communities had the greatest average SBE value (0.330), followed by mixed bamboo-broad communities (0.094), while pure bamboo forests had the lowest average SBE value (-0.716). The rooftop plant community’s aesthetic value was highly significant and correlated positively with the type of roof, the community’s growth type, its vertical structure, and the number of plants in the community.

Evaluation and Driving Force Analysis of Cultivated Land Quality in Black Soil Region of Northeast China

Cultivated land is an important natural resource to ensure food,ecological and economic security.The cultivated land quality evaluation(CQE)is greatly significant for protecting and managing cultivated land.In this study,320 counties in the black soil region of Northeast China(BSRNC)represent the research units used to construct the CQE system measuring the soil properties(SP),cultivated land productivity(CLP),ecological environment(EE)and social economy(SE).The total of 19 factors were selected to calculate the integrated fertility index(IFI)and divided into grades.Simultaneously,we used the coupling coordination degree model to comprehensively analyze the spatial pattern of the cultivated land quality(CLQ)in the BSRNC,and use the structural equation model(SEM)to analyze the driving mechanism.The results show the following:1)The CLQ of 262 counties in the BSRNC is in a state of coupling and coordination,and the coupling and coordination degree presents a spatial distribution pattern of‘high in the southwest and northeast,low in the northwest and southeast’.The coordinated development degree of 271 counties is between 0.4 and 0.6,which is in a transitional state between coordination and disorder.2)The CLQ in the BSRNC is generally good,with an average grade of 3.High-quality cultivated land accounts for 58.45%of all counties,middle-and upper-quality cultivated land accounts for 27.05%,and poor-quality cultivated land accounts for 14.49%.3)The SEM analysis shows that the SP,CLP,EE,and SE all influence the CLQ.Among them,the SP has the largest driving force on the CLQ,while the SE has the smallest driving force on it.The results confirm that the main factors affecting the evaluation results are crop productivity level,normalized difference vegetation index,ratio vegetation index,difference vegetation index,and organic carbon content.When implementing protection measures in counties with a low CLQ,considering a balanced coordination of multiple systems and reasonably controlling the quality degradation are important.This study provides the current situation and driving factors of the CLQ in the BSRNC and will play an important role in black soil governance and utilization.

Construction of Tourist Satisfaction Degree Evaluation Model in Western Tourist Area by Performance Prism and Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Method——with Lijiang in Yunnan Province as the Study Case

Starting from the utilization and protection of local knowledge, with the performance prism as the framework, the evaluation index system of tourist satisfaction degree was established. The weight was determined by using AHP method. Finally, the investigating result was judged with fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, the evaluation model of tourist satisfaction degree in western tourist area was built, and the case study was carried out. With Lijiang in Yunnan Province as example, according to AHP method, five dimensions weight of the performance prism, various KPI weight and consistency were obtained, fuzzy evaluation on tourist satisfaction degree was conducted. The results showed that the overall was satisfactory, but there were still some problems. Aiming at the utilization and protection of local knowledge, some corresponding countermeasures were put forward which will benefit for further development of tourism in Lijiang of Yunnan Province.

Assessment on Fault Diagnosis and State Evaluation of New Power Grid:AReview

1 Introduction The proposal of the concept of“New Power System”aims to illustrate the transform direction of the traditional power system,acting as the development core of the future new power grid.To achieve this,the proposed strategic targets of“carbon neutralization and carbon peaking”must be implemented and insisted[1].The core feature of the new power system is that renewable energy plays a leading role and becomes the main source of energy supply,meanwhile,the goal of green energy utilization has also been put forward on the agenda.Green energy utilization includes two aspects,one is the exploitation and promotion of various green energy technologies,and the other is the digitalization of energy management.Under this trend,stochastic and fluctuating energy sources such as wind power and photovoltaic power replace deterministic controllable power sources such as thermal power,bringing challenges to power grid regulation and dispatching,as well as flexible operation.The large-scale integration of renewable energy and increasingly high proportion of power electronic equipment tend to bring about fundamental changes in the operation characteristics,safety control,and production mode of the power system.

Research on Evaluation of Degree of Complexity of Mining Fault Network Based on GIS

A large number of spatial and attribute data are involved in coal resource evaluation. Database is a relatively advanced data management technology, but its Major defects are the poor graphic and spatial data functions, from which it is difficult to realize scientific management of evaluation data with spatial characteristics and evaluation result maps. On account of these deficiencies, the evaluation of degree of complexity of mining fault network, based on GIS, is proposed, which integrates management of spatial and attribute data. Fractal is an index which can reflect the comprehensive information of faults' number, density, size, composition and dynamics mechanism. Fractal dimension is used as the quantitative evaluation index. Evaluation software has been developed based on a component GIS-MapX, with which the degree of complexity of fault network is evaluated quantitatively using the quantitative index of fractal dimensions in Liuqiao No.2 coal mine as an example. Results show that it is effective in acquiring model parameters and enhancing the definition of data and evaluation results with the application of GIS technology. The fault network is a system with fractal structure and its complexity can be described reasonably and accurately by fractal dimension, which provides an effective method for coal resource evaluation.

Comprehensive evaluation on hydrocarbon-bearing availability of fault traps in a rift basin: A case study of the Qikou sag in the Bohai Bay Basin, China

An evaluation system of hydrocarbon-bearing availability of fault traps was established based on the comprehensive analysis of fault segment growth history,fine reservoir anatomy and geochemistry tracing,with the Qikou sag in the Bohai Bay Basin as target area.The displacement/separation transform and displacement gradient method were used to prove the interpretation reliability of fault traps.The method of maximum throw subtraction was used to recover the history of fault growth and determine the availability of the forming period of fault traps.Based on the quantitative relationship between shale gouge ratio and cross-fault pressure difference of known reservoirs in southern Qikou sag,the critical shale gouge ratio of fault lateral sealing was calculated at 20%,and the quantitative evaluation chart based on the relationship of"fault throw–sand-formation ratio and hydrocarbon column height"was constructed.Based on the results of reservoir fine anatomy and quantitative fluorescence tracing test shale smear factor method is suitable for evaluating the vertical sealing of faults in the caprock of the middle submember of first member of Paleogene Shahejie Formation,and the shale smear factor critical value is 3.5.The juxtaposition thickness method is suitable for evaluating vertical sealing of faults in the caprock of the second member of Paleogene Dongying Formation,and the critical juxtaposition thickness of fault is 70–80 m.By combining four factors,the availability of fault trap interpretation,the availability of the forming period of fault trap,the availability of fault lateral sealing and the availability of fault vertical sealing,the comprehensive evaluation chart on hydrocarbon-bearing availability of fault traps in Qikou sag has been established,which provides a reasonable basis for risk assessment of fault traps.

Estimating the Degree of Earthquake Risk from Fault Characteristics

A theoretical model considering the relationship between fault characteristics and tectonic stress is proposed to quantify earthquake risk degree. The model is applied in practice to the fault along the southern margin of Weihe basin in Shaanxi Province, Northwestern China and fitted well with reality.

A Method of Rotating Machinery Fault Diagnosis Based on the Close Degree of Information Entropy

This paper presents a method of rotating machinery fault diagnosis based on the close degree of information entropy. In the view of the information entropy, we introduce four information entropy features of the rotating machinery, which describe the vibration condition of the machinery. The four features are, respectively, denominated as singular spectrum entropy, power spectrum entropy, wavelet space state feature entropy and wavelet power spectrum entropy. The value scopes of the four information entropy features of the rotating machinery in some typical fault conditions are gained by experiments, which can be acted as the standard features of fault diagnosis. According to the principle of the shorter distance between the more similar models, the decision-making method based on the close degree of information entropy is put forward to deal with the recognition of fault patterns. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach in an instance involving the fault pattern recognition of some rotating machinery.

Evaluation on the development degree of China's seven pilot carbon markets

China is preparing to establish a nationwide carbon market in 2017, and in order to facilitate this goal, seven pilot carbon markets have been under study for the past few years. This paper summarizes the operation experience and challenges of the seven pilot carbon markets in China.It has been widely accepted that the essence of a carbon market is to solve environmental problems through market mechanisms, with environmental benefit being the fundamental purpose, market mechanism being the key measure, and policies and regulations being an important guarantee for an orderly carbon market. Therefore, this paper constructs an evaluation index system composed of 34 detailed sub-indexes in three dimensions, such as environmental constraint force, market resource allocation ability, and supporting policies and facility completeness. Through analyzing the operation data from 2013 to 2016, the weights of the sub-indexes are obtained. In addition, the study obtains experts' opinions from over 10 carbon permits exchanges, consultancy firms and research institutions in China, and conducts a comprehensive evaluation on the development degree of the seven pilot carbon markets. Results show that the pilot carbon markets that include private SMEs as the covered entities for emissions control present relatively higher environmental constraint force. But too many covered entities could increase the difficulty of market performance management, while the pilots that include high energy-consuming state-owned enterprises as the entities for emissions control demonstrate a phenomenon of "high market compliance rate with low trading volume". The resource allocation capability of China's carbon market has not been effectively brought into play, and low degree of market participation has become an important constraint factor for market development. Due to the lack of laws and regulations at the national macro-level, the legally binding force of the pilot markets construction is obviously insufficient, and the supporting policies are lacking foresights.Generally, the development of China's pilot carbon markets is still in such a fragmented state as in the aspects of environment, market and policy development, and the market operation has not yet achieved the purpose of solving environmental problems through market mechanisms.Accordingly, policy recommendations pointed out by this study are that tightening the allowance of free quota and progressively increasing the auction proportion, improving legal construction,increasing the services and products of carbon finance and standardizing the order of market transactions, enhancing capacity building of local governments and promoting the participation willingness and capability of emissions control entities, will be necessary.

Evaluation System for Farmers' Satisfaction Degree in the Green Energy Saving Rebuilding of Rural Residence

In view of the present situation of measuring a green residence just by energy saving and environmental protection,we propose that we should build the rural residence more from the farmer's view and set up an evaluation system based on farmers satisfaction.A total of 16 factors affecting the farmers' satisfaction degree of green energy saving rebuilding of rural residence are selected.Questionnaire survey on 110 peasant households is carried out under different situations in Guanzhong region in Shaanxi Province,so as to obtain the importance score of evaluation index.During constructing the evaluation system for farmers' satisfaction degree,Factor Analysis Method is used to classify the related influencing factors.Subjective analysis of Analytic Hierarchy Process and the objective analysis of Factor Analysis Method are combined together to determine the weights of factors at different grades.Then,the final evaluation model is obtained,which provides guidance for the further green energy saving rebuilding of rural residence in China.

Risk Assessment of Deep-Water Horizontal X-Tree Installation

Due to the high potential risk and many influencing factors of subsea horizontal X-tree installation,to guarantee the successful completion of sea trials of domestic subsea horizontal X-trees,this paper established a modular risk evaluation model based on a fuzzy fault tree.First,through the analysis of the main process oftree down and combining the Offshore&Onshore Reliability Data(OREDA)failure statistics and the operation procedure and the data provided by the job,the fault tree model of risk analysis of the tree down installation was established.Then,by introducing the natural language of expert comprehensive evaluation and combining fuzzy principles,quantitative analysis was carried out,and the fuzzy number was used to calculate the failure probability of a basic event and the occurrence probability of a top event.Finally,through a sensitivity analysis of basic events,the basic events of top events significantly affected were determined,and risk control and prevention measures for the corresponding high-risk factors were proposed for subsea horizontal X-tree down installation.

Occurrence Probability Evaluation of the Maximum Potential Earthquake on the Faults in Zhengzhou City

According to the results of estimation of the maximum potential earthquake in the project of ＂The Active Fault Detection and Seismic Risk Evaluation （Phase H） of Zhengzhou City＂, the near east-west trending Laoyachen fault and Shangjie fault are developed in the urban area. The Laoyachen fault was not active in the Quaternary, but the Shangjie fault may have the potential of generating M5.0 - 5.5 earthquakes. In order to get the probability of occurrence of maximum potential earthquakes, we delineate the statistical areas and the potential source areas and calculate the seismicity parameters and the space distribution functions. Our study shows that the probability of occurrence of an earthquake with M〉 5.0 on the faults in Zhengzhou city is 6% in the next 50 years and 11% in the next 100 years.

Quality Evaluation of Urban Pseudo Habitat Environments Based on the Degree of Public Praise from dianping.com:A Case Study of Liaoning Province

Due to the continuous development of information technology, people's perception of real life is more based on the information acquired on the real environment with the help of various media, rather than intuition. Based on priority evaluation data obtained from dianping.com(Liaoning Province), and the established criteria for assessing pseudo habitat environment quality, this study uses the entropy method to calculate and rank the comprehensive score of each merchant's word-of-mouth evaluation. It analyzes the spatial pattern and differentiation characteristics of pseudo environment quality, as well. Results show that:(1) The overall quality scores of the pseudo living environment in southern, central, and northern Liaoning are higher than those in eastern and western area. The pseudo habitat environment quality score of coastal cities is relatively higher than that of inland cities; and that of cities with high resource depletion is lower.(2) Parent-child activity, learning and training, and sports & health have significant impact, whereas hotels and peripheral tours have less impact on the pseudo habitat environment quality in Liaoning province. The overall pseudo habitat environment quality score of a city is inversely proportional to the total scores of various indicators in the city.(3) The spatial distribution of pseudo habitat quality in Liaoning Province shows a "saddle" structure. The spatial heterogeneity of the pseudo habitat environment in central and northern Liaoning areas is larger than that in eastern, western, and southern areas of Liaoning. The degree of quality of the pseudo habitat environment is proportional to the size of its spatial differentiation degree in total.

Coupling coordination analysis of Mazu culture,socio-economy and ecological environment of Meizhou Island

Taking the pilgrimage,tourism and cultural island of Meizhou Island as an example,the evaluation index system of the coupling and coordinated development of“Mazu culture,socio-economy,eco-environment”(MSE)compound system was constructed.The index weights were determined by AHP-entropy method,and the coupling degree,coordinated degree,comprehensive evaluation index and grey correlation degree of MSE system of Mazu Island from 2012 to 2022 were measure.The results showed that:(1)the comprehensive evaluation indexes of the three subsystems was on the rise in general,but the evaluation index of the ecological subsystems increased relatively slowly.(2)The coupling degree was only in the running-in stage in 2012,and the other years were in the coordinated coupling stage.(3)The coupling coordination degree increased from 0.35 in 2012 to 0.82 in 2022,the coupling coordination level was changed from mild imbalance to good coordination.(4)Through the comparison of grey correlation degree,the 24 indexes in the evaluation index system had great influence on the coupling coordination degree of MSE system.The coupling coordination degree was closely related to the development of socio-economy and the spread of Mazu culture.With the rapid development of tourism brought about by the spread of Mazu culture,the pressure on the ecological environment will be increasing.Compared with the rapid growth of tourism and economy,it is equally important to strengthen environmental protection and pay attention to the quality of ecological environment development.

Method for Evaluating the Degrees of Land Use Sustainability of Mountainous County and its Application in Yunnan Province,China

The evaluation of sustainable land use is the key issue in the field of studying the sustainable land utilization. In general analysis, the sustainable land use is evaluated respectively from its ecological sustainability, economic sustainability and social sustainability in China and other countries in recent years. Although this evaluation is an important work, it seems insufficient and hard to comprehensively reflect the whole degree of land use sustainability. Thus, to make up this deficiency, this paper brings forward the evaluation indexes, which make it possible to quantitatively reflect the whole degree of land use sustainability, namely, the concept of ＂degrees of overall land use sustainability＂ （Dos）, and research and measurement development of the method of and calculation in Dos. Taking the evaluation of the degree of land use sustainability in county regions of Yunnan Province as the actual example for analysis, results are basically as follows： 1） The degree of land use sustainability （Dos） is the ration index to organically and systematically integrate the degree of ecological friendliness （DeF）, the degree of economic viability （Dev） and the degree of social acceptability （Dsa）, able to comprehensively reflect the whole sustainability degree of regional land use 2） Based on the value of Dos, the grading system and standard for the sustainability of land use may be established and totally divided into five grades, namely, the high-degree sustainability, middle-degree sustainability, low-degree sustainability, conditional sustainability and non-sustainability. Meanwhile, the standard for distinguishing sustainability grades has also been confirmed so as to determine the nature of sustainability degrees in different grades. This makes the possibility for the combination of nature determination with ration in research result and provides with the scientific guideline and decision-making gist for better implementation of sustainable land use strategy. 3） The practice in evaluation of sustainability degree in county regional land use in Yunnan shows that the value of the degree of land use sustainability （Dos） of whole Yunnan Province is only 58.39, belonging to the grade of low-degree sustainability. Two thirds of counties in the whole province represent the grade of ＂conditional sustainability＂ and ＂non-sustainability＂ in the sustainability of land use. Among these counties, 11.11 % shows ＂non- sustainability＇. The lowest degree of land use sustainability appears especially in the middle plateau mountain region of Northeast Yunnan, where the value of Dos in most counties （districts） is below 40 %, belonging to the grade of ＂non-sustainability＂. The sustainability degree in the karst mountainous region in lower-middle plateau mountain region in Southeast Yunnan is generally low and the value of sustainability degree （Dos） in most of the counties （cities and districts） is below 55. The value of sustainability degree （Dos） in most of the counties （cities and districts） in the north, west, northwest and southwest parts of Yunnan is below 55. This article also analyzes the reasons of low degree of sustainability in land use in Yunnan and puts forward the countermeasures to increase the degree of sustainability in land use in the whole province.

A quantitative model for danger degree evaluation of staged operation of earth dam reservoir in flood season and its application

Based on the natural disaster risk evaluation mode, a quantitative danger degree evaluation model was developed to evaluate the danger degree of earth dam reservoir staged operation in the flood season. A formula for the overtopping risk rate of the earth dam reservoir staged operation was established, with consideration of the joint effect of flood and wind waves in the flood sub-seasons with the Monte Carlo method, and the integrated overtopping risk rate for the whole flood season was obtained via the total probability approach. A composite normalized function was used to transform the dam overtopping risk rate into the danger degree, on a scale of 0-1. Danger degree gradating criteria were divided by four significant characteristic values of the dam overtopping rate, and corresponding guidelines for danger evaluation are explained in detail in this paper. Examples indicated that the dam overtopping danger degree of the Chengbihe Reservoir in China was 0.33-0.57, within the range of moderate danger level, and the flood-limiting water level （FLWL） can be adjusted to 185.00 m for the early and main flood seasons, and 185.00-187.50 m for the late flood season. The proposed quantitative model offers a theoretical basis for determination of the value of the danger degree of an earth dam reservoir under normal operation as well as the optimal scheduling scheme for the reservoir in each stage of the flood season.

Evaluation of climate comfort based on the relationship between the structure and behavior of a block space in a winter city

This paper focuses on climate comfort degree evaluated from relationships between spatial characteristics and behaviors of a winter city.It is demonstrated that the influences of climatic factors on human comfort are remarkably different for different spatial characteristics and functions of the sites.An evaluation method of climatic comfort is propsed,in which attaining comfort is an adaptation process,and the dynamic changes in the process are according to the user’s subjective tendency to the variations of the spatial characteristics and functions of the space.The evaluation criteria are based on both physical and psychological hierarchy needs of a person,which include the spatial form for microclimatic conditions as well as the spatial social-economic characteristics of a site.To improve the local environment of a winter city by planning measurements,the Harbin Central Pedestrian Street is taken as an example in the application of the evaluation method,and different planning optimizing strategies are proposed accordingly.The results show that the pattern of climate comfort is characterized by reflecting the socialeconomic value and individual behavior characteristics.

Integration degree of tourism industry based on AHP-fuzzy comprehensive evaluation

By reviewing the traditional measure methods of the integration degree of the tourism industry, we concluded that measure methods of the integration degree of the tourism industry can only be limited to the levels of theoretical analysis due to the defect of the statistical data and the statistical structure. With the help of concept of fusion field and fusion entropy of the tourism industry, a physical model of integration of the tourism industry is established and index system based on AHP is proposed. Using AHP-fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, the integration degree of Jiangsu and the country's tourism industry are studied. The influencing factors are analyzed and the corresponding countermeasures are proposed.

A Quantitative Method for Evaluating the Transporting Capacity of Oil-Source Faults in Shallow Formation of Oil-Rich Sags

Objective Oil-source faults have an important effect on reservoir formation and distribution in shallow formations with non- hydrocarbon generation in oil-rich fault-related basins （Jiang Youlu et al., 2015）. However, the fault transporting capacity cannot be evaluated quantitatively at present. Taking the Zhanhua Sag in the Bohai Bay Basin as an example, this work analyzed the factors influencing the transporting capacity of the oil-source faults and proposed a quantitative method for evaluating their transporting capacity.

Research on Fault Evaluation of Armament Equipment Based on ADAMS

The levele of simulation are introduced and the importance of virtual prototyping of armament equipment is discussed and steps of virtual prototyping are outlined The faults that affect firing performance are discussed, ADAMS is first to be introduced to armament equipment, and a virtual prototyping model of artillery is established with the help of Fortran language based on analysis of topology of artillery and forces applied on it. The plon of fault evaluation is brought forward, the modules are analyzed, and the concept of fault evaluation function is introduced Finally the perspective of virtual technology is presented