Performance evaluation of high/ultra-high-degree global geopotential models over Vietnam using GNSS/leveling data

The availability of many high-degree Global Geopotential Models(GGMs), namely EGM2008, EIGEN-6C4,GECO, SGG-UGM-1, SGG-UGM-2, XGM2019e_2159, and GGMPlus, challenges users regarding which model is best for Vietnam. This study, therefore, evaluates their performance by comparing them with GNSS/leveling data over Vietnam. Results show that their absolute and relative performances are largely independent of topographic conditions and geographical location and can be ranked into three classes:(1)XGM2019e_2159 has the highest accuracy,(2) the models EIGEN-6C4, GECO, SGG-UGM-1, SGG-UGM-2, and GGMPlus, have a very similar level of medium accuracy, while(3) EGM2008 is found to be the least accurate. In an absolute sense, the differences between GNSS/leveling and EGM2008-based height anomalies have a standard deviation(STD) of 0.290 ± 0.010 m, whereas, for XGM2019e_2159, this is 0.156 ± 0.006 m.All other models have STDs of(0.18-0.19) ± 0.007 m. Regarding relative performance without fitting, all GGMs have comparable accuracies for baseline length of 5-20 km, while for baselines longer than 20 km,the STD of XGM2019e_2159 is 1.5 ppm-0.5 ppm(approximately 19%-40%) lower compared with EGM2008, and 0.5 ppm-0.25 ppm(approximately 7%-36%) lower compared with EIGEN6C4, GECO,SGG-UGM-1, SGG-UGM-2, and GGMPlus. In addition, the STDs decrease significantly from 20 to 12 ppm in the range of 5-10 km, slightly from 12 to 6 ppm for 10-35 km, very slightly from 6 to 2.5 ppm for35-200 km, and then remain almost unchanged for longer baselines. After fitting, the relative accuracies of all GGMs are at the same level with negligible STD/RMSE values. Furthermore, only EGM2008 experiences significant regional differences, while other GGMs show more homogeneous spatial variation of absolute accuracy over Vietnam. These findings can contribute to the development of local quasigeoid models in Vietnam and may be helpful with the improvement of GGMs in the future.

The Accuracy Levels of Vehicle Detectors Commonly Used in Korea Based on the Results of Quality Certification Test

The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport of Korea introduced the ITS system performance evaluation about six and a half years ago. The main purpose is to make sure that accurate and reliable real-time traffic data are collected from the ITS system installed. There are three types of performance evaluations, which are Quality Certification Test, Pre-Delivery Test and Periodic Check in Operation. In this paper the accuracy levels of vehicle detectors commonly used in Korea are analyzed based on the results of quality certification tests conducted during 2008-2012. The test items consist of volume, speed and occupancy. The analysis shows that loop detectors have the best levels of accuracy in all three test items and their levels of accuracy have been steady. Video image detectors do not have so good levels of accuracy as loop detectors, but the levels of accuracy have improved as time passes. Radar detectors do not have good levels of accuracy. However, their levels of accuracy have improved as time passes. The last vehicle detectors, geomagnetism detectors have the worst accuracy in the occupancy item.

Evaluation of sugar and organic acid composition and their levels in highbush blueberries from two regions of China

Sweet and sour are the most important taste of blueberries,and they are produced by sugar and acid,respectively.Their contributions to the taste depend not only on the levels of sugar and acid,but also on the types and relative proportions of sugar and acid.Therefore,it is very important to evaluate the composition and levels of sugar and acid in blueberries.Regional differences and variety diversity also affect the sugar and acid characteristics of fruits.Therefore,this study selected two main producing regions in northern China(Weihai and Yingkou)to examine the sugar and acid characteristics of 11 common blueberry cultivars.The indexes measured included soluble sugars,organic acids,soluble solid content and titratable acidity.The results showed that glucose and fructose were the major sugars,and citric acid and quinic acid were the major organic acids.Correlation analysis showed that glucose,fructose,and sucrose were positively correlated with total sugar content;the citric acid content was positively correlated with the titratable acidity and total organic acids.Titratable acidity,glucose,fructose,sucrose,total sugar content,citric acid,shikimic acid and total acid content of the blueberries varied significantly between regions(P<0.05).In general,compared with Weihai blueberries,Yingkou blueberries had higher sugar content and lower acid content.The results of this study may provide useful references for the evaluation of sweet and sour flavors and cultivar selection of blueberries.

Comprehensive Evaluation on the Level of Agricultural Economic Development in Hubei Province Based on Principal Component Analysis

[Objectives]Hubei Province has a superior geographical location,and is located in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River,with pleasant climate and abundant natural resources.It is an important province of population,agriculture and resources in China.[Methods]Based on the data of Statistical Yearbook of Hubei 2018,the agricultural economic indicators of the cities and prefectures in Hubei Province were analyzed with principal component analysis method by using SPSS19.0.[Results]The comprehensive scores and rankings of the agricultural economic development level of the 17 cities and prefectures in Hubei Province were obtained.They were divided into four agricultural development levels.[Conclusions]According to the analysis results,corresponding policy recommendations were put forward to promote the development of agricultural economy in Hubei Province.

Study and Implementation on the Grey Comprehensive Evaluation Support System of Ecocity

According to basic connotation and design principles of ecocity, a comparatively integrated index system is constructed in the paper. And at the same time using hierarchy grey comprehensive evaluation method, a hierarchy grey comprehensive evaluation model of ecocity is established, then on the basis of the model, a comprehensive evaluation support system is developed, and the theoretical guidance supplied for construction of ecocity is provided.

Construction of the standardized efficiency evaluation system for the opening and sharing of valuable instruments and equipment

In terms of the problem of the evaluation of the utilization efficiency of the opening and sharing of the expensive instruments and equipment in colleges and universities, combined with the Internet plus management mode of the whole process of the valuable instruments, based on the idea of ＂full opening and sharing＂, the author of this paper established the opening and sharing mechanisms of the instruments and equipment, to promote their effective allocation and improve their utilization efficiency. In this paper, the author carries out the thinking and discussion of the construction of a standardized evaluation system of the performance evaluation the valuable instruments and equipment.

Using the concept of ecological groundwater level to evaluate shallow groundwater resources in hyperarid desert regions

This paper, based on the analysis and calculation of the groundwater resources in an arid region from 1980 to 2001, put forward the concept of ecological groundwater level threshold for either salinity control or the determination of ecological warning. The surveys suggest that soil moisture and soil salinity are the most important environmental factors in determining the distribution and changes in vegetation. The groundwater level threshold of ecological warning can be determined by using a network of groundwater depth observation sites that monitor the environmental moisture gradient as reflected by plant physiological characteristics. According to long-term field observations within the Ejin oases, the groundwater level threshold for salinity control varied between 0.5 m and 1.5 m, and the ecological warning threshold varied between 3.5 m and 4.0 m. The quantity of groundwater re- sources （renewable water resources, ecological water resources, and exploitable water resources） in arid areas can be calculated from regional groundwater level information, without localized hydrogeological data. The concept of groundwater level threshold of ecological warning was established according to water development and water re- sources supply, and available groundwater resources were calculated. The concept not only enriches and broadens the content of groundwater studies, but also helps in predicting the prospects for water resources development.

Evaluation of the Strategic Tolerance Human Resource Management Based on Matter-Element Analysis Method

The main features and connotation of the tolerance human resource management based on strategy are analyzed and summarized. The theory and method of systematic engineering is used to build the evaluation index systems for the tolerance human resource management. On the basis of it, by using the theory of matter-element analysis, the matter-element models are formulated for the evaluation of the tolerance human resource management. Regarding annual tolerance human resource management as the object of matter-dement, the tolerance human resource ：management for two years are analyzed and evaluated through using the matter. element models proposed. A ease study is carried out and the satisfactory results are obtained. A new scientific methed is provided for the evaluation of human resource management based on strategy.

Sharing and evaluation of a new community co-management model for protecting Crested Ibis:a case study of Crested Ibis National Nature Reserve,China

The Crested Ibis(Nipponia Nippon) is endemic to Qinling Mountains of China and was once abundant over vast areas of north-east of Asia habitat.During the 20th century,however,the population declined greatly in numbers.Habitat quality used to be the main threat to this species but recent actions by the government and wildlife protection organizations have brought this under control.With the establishment of Crested Ibis Nature Reserve in China,conflicts between socio-economic development and Crested Ibis conservation have become more acute.How do we deal with the relation between Crested Ibis conservation and community development? In this study,the Crested Ibis Nature Reserve co-management model namely "companies + farmers + Nature Reserve" model is proposed and evaluated with demonstration investigation methods,including continuous six-year fixed-site socio-economic development data of surrounding community,company sales revenue data and monitored data of Crested Ibis Nature Reserve.The results show that farmers' income and conservation awareness increased greatly from 2003 to 2008;company sales revenue has increased by about 20% annually in the recent years;management level has noticeably improved in Nature Reserve,the scope of Crested Ibis habitat has expanded 50 hm2;chemical composition of habitat reduced year after year;and the number of Crested Ibis had been growing annually.At the end,the success of the model is evaluated,and problems in implementation of the model are discussed from the following aspects:management system,co-management concept,economic base of partners,marketing mechanism,technical capacity and so on.

Research on the Evaluation System of National Standards

This paper presents an evaluation system of national standard levels composed of certain indicators and their respective weights.The goal of quantitative evaluation of national standards was achieved by experts provided a reasonable basis to evaluate the national standard lecel.It will also play an important role in regulating standards and improving the national standards level.

Mathematical Index for Evaluating Disperse Dyes Levelness of Superfine Polyester Fabric

The dyeing deference between the superfine and the con-ventional polyester fabric is discussed. The major threefactors affecting the level dyeing property of superfinepolyester-initial adsorption rate, desorption rate andinterface migration rate of dyestuffs at 70℃ are studied.The levelness improves considerably with decreased ini-tial adsorption rate, increased desorption rate and inter-face migration rate. And then a mathematical indexbased on them is established. The evaluation to dispersedyes resulting from it corresponds with their perfor-mance during industrial process. As new definitions, ini-tial adsorption rate and desorption rate of dyestuffs arefirstly introduced.

How do Users Evaluate Service Quality of the Dockless Bicycle Sharing System?

In order to improve the public transit’s accessibility and promote service quality of the public transit,it is necessary to alleviate the“last⁃mile”problem.The combination of the public transit and bicycle⁃sharing system is competitive compared with the private car.In 2016,the dockless bicycle⁃sharing system has been undergoing tremendous development.Because the dockless bicycle⁃sharing system is different from previous bicycle⁃sharing systems,components of service quality of the dockless bicycle⁃sharing system differ.However,there are few articles about the service quality of the dockless bicycle⁃sharing system.This paper examined the evaluation of service quality of the dockless bicycle⁃sharing system along with a measurement of users’satisfaction.A questionnaire about service quality was designed,which includes 15 factors.Through the analysis of travelers’evaluation of factors of the dockless bicycle⁃sharing system with Rasch Model,these original ordinal data(Likert data)was transformed to the interval data:the person parameter(ability)and the item parameter(difficulty).Through the analysis of interviewees’abilities,it was found that only education and monthly consumption have significant influence on interviewees’evaluation of service quality of the dockless bicycle⁃sharing system,while there is no significant influence of gender,weekly use of dockless shared⁃bicycle,private car ownership,or monthly income on the evaluation.Furthermore,it was found that users were dissatisfied with cycling under the adverse weather,disturbance from pedestrians and cars,continuity of the bicycle lane,complaint channel,and staff service the most.

Comparative Study on the Comprehensive Level of Sustainable Development of Minority Regions in China

To keep faster growth and sustainability of economy is one of the arduous tasks for minority regions in China, so it is imperative to study the comprehensive sustainable development level of minority regions. We assessed the sustainable development capability of minority regions by constructing the evaluation index system and using grey comprehensive evaluating method. The results showed that the comprehensive sustainable development level of minority regions in China varies significantly, and countermeasures were put forward.

Dynamic probability evaluation of safety levels of earth-rockfill dams using Bayesian approach

In order to accurately predict and control the aging process of dams, new information should be collected continuously to renew the quantitative evaluation of dam safety levels. Owing to the complex structural characteristics of dams, it is quite difficult to predict the time-varying factors affecting their safety levels. It is not feasible to employ dynamic reliability indices to evaluate the actual safety levels of dams. Based on the relevant regulations for dam safety classification in China, a dynamic probability description of dam safety levels was developed. Using the Bayesian approach and effective information mining, as well as real-time information, this study achieved more rational evaluation and prediction of dam safety levels. With the Bayesian expression of discrete stochastic variables, the a priori probabilities of the dam safety levels determined by experts were combined wfth the likelihood probability of the real-time check information, and the probability information for the evaluation of dam safety levels was renewed. The probability index was then applied to dam rehabilitation decision-making. This method helps reduce the difficulty and uncertainty of the evaluation of dam safety levels and complies with the current safe decision-making regulations for dams in China. It also enhances the application of current risk analysis methods for dam safety levels.

Nutritional and Safety Evaluation of Local Weight-Gain Formulas in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) Markets

This study was conducted to examine the nutritional content, contamination levels, and biological effects of 3 local prepared formulas. Formula (1) contained mixed nuts;formula (2) contained moghat, honey and royal jelly, while formula (3) contained honey, fenugreek and royal jelly. Groups of albino rats (90 rats) were randomly allocated to diets of control group or 1 - 3 treatment groups. The tested diets contained 15% carbohydrate. The weight and food intake were recorded. Blood tests were conducted to determine total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, urea, creatinine, white blood cell count (WBC), red blood cell count (RBC), haemoglobin (HB), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and haematocrit (HCT). Results showed that bacterial contamination was found in formula (1) and formula (3). Fungal contamination was detected in formula (2) and formula (3). Body weight increased significantly in the rats fed treatment formulas compared to the control group. The blood tests indicated significant increases in the levels of glucose, WBC, HCT, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides as well as a significant decrease in HDL level in the group (2) was fed formula (1) the control. In conclusion, these findings indicate that these local formulas may not be safe, and further studies are required to understand the consequences of a long-term consumption of these formulas.

Evaluation of Modern Agricultural Development Level in Huaibei Area of Anhui Province

Based on the data of modern agricultural development level in Huaibei area,this paper made a comprehensive evaluation on the modern agricultural development of 6 cities in Huaibei area by Analytic Hierarchy Process( AHP). It analyzed the development trend and difference in the level of agricultural input,the level of agricultural output,the level of rural social development and the level of agricultural ecological security. The study shows that the overall level of modern agricultural development in Huaibei area is rising in the past 6 years,with the highest increase in Suzhou City,followed by Huainan City and Huaibei City,and the other cities ranking in the middle. In view of the problems in the process of modern agricultural development in Huaibei area,it came up with recommendations,including strengthening the land consolidation,transfer of agricultural population,improving the rural education and controlling the agricultural pollution.

Application of Security Index in Evaluation of Agricultural Insurance Security Level

At present,there is still no unified standard for evaluation of agricultural insurance security level,especially in the quantitative evaluation. In order to explore a scientific and reasonable evaluation method for agricultural insurance security level,this paper analyzed the current situation of evaluation methods of social insurance,endowment insurance and medical insurance,as well as the application of security index. It is expected to provide a certain reference for evaluation of agricultural insurance security level by the agricultural insurance security index.

Evaluation of Farmer Training Satisfaction Level in Hubei Province

Based on fully understanding the significance of farmer training,this paper builds the evaluation index system for farmer training satisfaction level. Then this paper employs the field survey data about Yichang and Jingzhou in Hubei Province to evaluate the farmer training satisfaction level in Hubei Province. Results show that farmers have high level of satisfaction on agricultural training in Hubei Province,and the average satisfaction level reaches 0. 8556; there are regional differences in the farmer training satisfaction level in Hubei Province; the index weight is not entirely directly proportional to the training satisfaction level in the evaluation index system. Finally,from training courses,training teachers,training organization and follow-up services,this paper brings forward the recommendations for improving farmer training satisfaction level in Hubei Province,improve farmer training system,further improve the effectiveness of training and promote farmers' quality.

Sample investigation and evaluation of the water quality in aquaculture ponds around the basic farmland protection areas in Foshan city

To investigate the water quality of sampling in aquaculture ponds around the basic farmland protection areas in the five districts of Foshan city, and use the environmental pollution index to evaluate the condition of water quality. The results indicated that water temperature and pH of aquaculture ponds cound meet the requirements of fish normal growth,and dissolved oxygen was rich, but the water quality was over fertilized generally. In 20 investigation spots of the five districts, the content of CODCr, NH4^＋-N and TP exceeded 90%, 30% and 85% respectively. The pollution degrees of the water quality from high to low in aquaculture ponds were Chancheng district,Nanhai district, Sanshui district, Shunde district, Gaoming district. The comprehensive quality index of aquaculture ponds was 1.44 in Foshan city, the water quality was polluted severly as a whole. The share rate of pollution load of TP was the highest, the second were CODCr and NH4^＋-N. On the whole, the pollution of organic matter was very prominent in the water quality of aquaculture ponds around the basic farmland protection areas in Foshan city that had been eutrophicated.

High-quality development level evaluation and path selection of prefabricated buildings

For a long time,Chinese construction industry has had disadvantages such as waste of resources,environmental pollution,long construction period,great influence by weather,low enterprise efficiency and poor benefit.While being able to solve the disadvantages of traditional buildings,prefabricated buildings,as an important starting point to achieve the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals,are far superior to traditional buildings in green and low-carbon,energy conservation and emission reduction,which can accelerate the transformation and upgrading of the construction industry.In recent years,the government has vigorously promoted prefabricated buildings,but the implementation of prefabricated buildings has been frequently hindered and the development of prefabricated buildings in China has not achieve the expected goal in many aspects.Under the high-quality development strategy proposed by the central government,how to promote the high-quality development of prefabricated buildings in China is one of the key difficulties of Chinese construction industry in the future.Therefore,it is necessary to proceed from the connotation of the high-quality development of prefabricated buildings,establish an evaluation model for the high-quality development level of prefabricated buildings through AHP and comprehensive fuzzy evaluation to master the high-quality development level of prefabricated buildings in China,and explore the reasonable paths selection forthe high-quality development of prefabricated buildings in China.