Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation for Decision Making of Water Saving Irrigation System

A model of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation for water saving irrigation system (WSIS) decision making is proposed based on establishing an index system affected by six kinds of basic factors including qualitative and quantitative indexes. The object function of WSIS is set up by using the concept of fuzzy membership degree, it is to transform characteristic vector matrix into unify membership matrix and extending the least square method to the least of weighted distance square. The optimum weighted membership degree and the inferior weighted membership degree are used to solve the object function. This method effective solves the problem of classify for fuzzy attributive indexes and the problem of optimum for the set of different attributive indexes. A case study shows that the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model is reasonable and effective in decision making for water saving irrigation system planning.

Applying Fuzzy Matter-Element Model Based on AHP to Evaluating Bids of Water Saving Irrigation Project

Owing to overcoming the characteristics that there are many economic and technical indexes which are fuzzy and incompatibility to each other in evaluating investment project,a new method is proposed.The method is based on the matter-element analysis and combined with the concepts of fuzzy mathematics,which is called the method of fuzzy matter-element analysis.It constructs the compound fuzzy matter element with the investment projects,evaluation factors and their fuzzy value.Through establishing the best subjection degree (fuzzy value),complex fuzzy matter element of relational coefficient and weight aggregation of fuzzy matter-element model,the writer achieves on optimum order of the investment projects according to the calculated relational degree and finds the best project.In this paper,the calculation of weight adopts the analytical hierarchy process method(AHP).Through the actual example,it shows that the model is simple and its calculation is reliable.It is very significant for the engineering evaluated bid and investment decision.

Demonstration of Center Pivot Uniformity Evaluation and Retrofit to Improve Water Use Efficiency

Agricultural irrigation is a primary user for freshwater withdrawal. Irrigation plays an important role in crop production, as it provides the benefit of reducing the effects of prolonged dryness and erratic precipitation. Center pivot irrigation system is the most common irrigation system in agriculture. As the center pivot irrigation system ages, the system could develop a leaking joint, clogged sprinklers, and physical damage. This can cause areas of non-uniformity that can lead to under- or over-irrigated in some areas of the land, resulting in excess energy use and cost, wasting resources, and environmental impacts. Thus, it is important to evaluate the performance of a center pivot irrigation system regularly to maximize return on investments and minimize wasting resources. This study focuses on evaluating the impacts and benefits of improved center pivot irrigation distribution uniformity by performing distribution uniformity evaluations pre- and post-retrofit. This study also focused on demonstrating an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to assess the performance of the center pivot irrigation system in two irrigated farmlands. The Coefficient of Uniformity (CU), Distribution Uniformity (DU), and Scheduling Coefficient (SC) were calculated based on the catch can test data. The values were utilized to evaluate water and energy savings from the improved coefficients. The team has found that replacing sprinkler packages increased the CU from 78 to 89 and the DU from 77 to 82, and reduced the SC from 1.3 to 1.2 in Field A. In Field B, replacing sprinkler packages increased the CU from 73 to 91 and the DU from 62 to 84 and reduced the SC from 1.6 to 1.2. The estimated water savings in Field A due to the reduced scheduling coefficient was approximately 151,000 liters/hectare/year, with consideration of the corn and soybean rotation field in Michigan. The estimated water savings in Field B was 608,000 liters/hectare/year. The data from this demonstration study showed the value of distribution uniformity evaluation and retrofit of irrigation systems. This information will encourage farmers and agricultural industries to consider performing more distribution uniformity evaluations, ultimately improving irrigation water use efficiency and supporting sustainable water management in agriculture.

The Application of PPE Model Based on RAGA in Benefit Evaluating of Rice Water Saving

Through applying PPE model based on RAGA to evaluate the benefit of rice water saving,the author turns multi-dimension data into low dimension space.So the optimum projection direction can stand for the best influence on the collectivity.Thus,the value of projection function can evaluate each item good or not.The PPE model can avoid jamming of weight matrix in the method of fuzzy synthesize judgement,and obtain better result.The author wants to provide a new method and thought for readers who are engaged in investment decision-making of water saving irrigation and other relative study.

漳河水库灌区水效领跑者引领行动的实践与评价

开展灌区水效领跑者引领行动及评价,是强化、规范农业灌溉用水管理的重要措施。基于有关部门印发的《灌区水效领跑者引领行动实际细则》和漳河水库灌区实践情况,采用层次分析方法(AHP),建立了漳河水库灌区水效领跑者引领行动的评价指标体系和评价阈值,分析了节水技术评价、节水管理评价和鼓励性评价等敏感指标,并对其进行评价,结果表明漳河水库灌区水效领跑者引领行动综合评价值0.94与实际情况吻合。

Integrating MODFLOW and GIS technologies for assessing impacts of irrigation management and groundwater use in the Hetao Irrigation District,Yellow River basin

Due to severe water scarcity, water resources used in agricultural sector have been reduced markedly in Hetao irrigation district. Application of water-saving practices (WSPs) is required for the sustainable agricultural development. The human activities including WSPs and increase of groundwater abstraction can lower down the groundwater table, which is helpful to the salinity control. Meanwhile, an excessively large groundwater table depth may result in negative impact on crop growth and fragile ecological environment. In this paper, the Jiefangzha irrigation system in Hetao irrigation district was selected as a typical area, a groundwater flow model based on ArcInfo Geographic Information System (GIS) was developed and implemented to quantify the effect of human activities on the groundwater system in this area. The preand post-processing of model data was performed efficiently by using the available GIS tools. The time-variant data in boundary conditions was further edited in Microsoft Excel with programs of Visual Basic for Application (VBA). The model was calibrated and validated with independent data sets. Application of the model indicated that it can well describe the effect of human activities on groundwater dynamics in Jiefangzha irrigation system.

春汇/夏浇灌溉制度对盐碱土壤水盐运移及向日葵水分利用的影响

【目的】确定河套灌区向日葵适宜的节水控盐春汇—夏浇灌溉制度,提高灌区农业灌溉水资源利用效率。【方法】设置非生育期畦灌(春汇S,灌溉定额135、95mm)和作物生育期滴灌(夏浇W,灌溉定额135、100、68 mm)田间小区试验,研究了不同春汇/夏浇条件下的向日葵农田土壤水盐分布规律、盐分淋洗效果、作物生长特征及水分利用效率。【结果】S135W135处理下的整个生育期内平均土壤含水率较高,为17.10%,为饱和含水率的75.53%;S95W135处理下的土壤含水率变异系数最小,为22.40%。S135、S95处理下的土壤脱盐率分别介于50.50%~32.64%、38.87%~21.87%,春汇后S135和S95处理下的0~80 cm土层的土壤盐分量无显著差异;S135W100、S95W135处理下的灌溉水淋洗深度较高,脱盐效果较好,土壤脱盐率均显著高于除S135W135处理以外的其他处理,0~80 cm土层脱盐率为40.77%和33.37%,较S135W135处理分别提高68.39%、37.86%。S95W135、S135W100处理下的地上部干物质量显著大于其他处理,相比S135W135处理增加10.55%和9.94%。S135W100处理的作物水分利用效率最高(21.59%),较S135W135处理显著增加13.03%。【结论】常规春汇水量减少30%(95mm)与夏浇滴灌(135 mm)是河套灌区向日葵农田适宜的灌溉制度。

复合隔层对河套灌区盐碱土水盐运移的影响

河套灌区盐渍农田分布广、肥力质量差、生产力水平低,严重威胁粮食安全。为研究秸秆–保水剂复合隔层对河套灌区盐碱土的控盐及节水效果,通过室内土柱模拟试验,设置常规灌溉水量(10 L)和节水20%灌溉水量(8 L)2种灌溉水量下的2种隔层(秸秆隔层和复合隔层)以及对照组处理,对比研究了复合隔层与秸秆隔层在节水条件下对土壤水分入渗过程、蒸发过程以及盐分变化规律的影响。研究结果表明:入渗过程中,两种隔层均能延缓水分入渗,提高淋盐效果,相比秸秆隔层,复合隔层处理水分入渗时间延缓14.47%,对0~40 cm土层淋盐效果提升34.86%。蒸发过程中,复合隔层能够通过内部保水剂缓慢释水,对20~40 cm土层补水,其20~40 cm土层含水率较秸秆隔层提升10.90%~90.61%。节水20%的条件下,复合隔层处理在0~40 cm土层的灌溉淋盐效果及蒸发过程中的保水抑盐效果优于未进行节水处理的对照组。综合来看,秸秆–保水剂形成的复合隔层其淋盐效果、保水抑盐效果均优于秸秆隔层,在节水条件下仍具有较好的保水控盐效果。本研究可为河套灌区节水型盐碱障碍消减研究提供依据和参考。

共和灌区续建配套与节水改造工程骨干渠道设计

国内大多数灌区建设年代较早,经几十年运行后,多存在渠道渗漏淤积、边坡塌方失稳等问题,造成灌溉效益下降。针对共和灌区骨干渠道现状及存在问题,提出了合理的改造方案。项目实施后将恢复灌区原设计功能,对保障粮食安全,推进农业现代化具有重要意义。

灌区输水系统工程灌区节水潜力及水权转换计算研究

为探究灌区输水系统工程灌区节水潜力,明确水权转换具体费用,开展相关研究。从灌区现状的渠系水利用系数、种植结构、田间工程及灌水技术等方面分析灌区节水潜力,确定水权转让费用构成及各项费用计算方法。以淠河总干渠作为计算渠道,计算该渠道节水潜力,得到水权转换价格计算结果,为提高该渠道水资源利用效率、保障农业可持续发展提供理论支持和实践指导。

鸳鸯大型灌区续建配套与节水改造工程方案设计分析

甘肃省酒泉市鸳鸯大型灌区是酒泉市最重要的大型灌区,是酒泉市粮油生产的保障。从灌区的基本情况、现状及存在的问题出发,提出了灌区续建配套与节水改造工程的必要性,灌区节水改造共分5 a实施。此次提出了灌区2021年度续建配套与节水改造的方案与措施。对促进农业绿色发展有重要的现实意义。

西凉灌区高效节水灌溉工程供需水平衡分析

黄土高原区水资源紧缺,为了确保农业节水项目科学布设,文章对项目区水资源状况及开发利用、可供水量和节水灌溉模式、农业灌溉制度、农作物需水量等进行了探讨和计算,采用供需平衡法对项目区需水平衡进行了论证,得出项目区水资源富余,可以实施西凉灌区节水灌溉工程,为天水地区农业节水灌溉工作开展提供了保障。

基于节水改造的前海灌区水量供需平衡分析

新疆地区灌溉事业在保障粮食安全、增加农民收入和农村脱贫、创造就业机会等方面发挥着极其重要的作用。然而,水资源短缺和环境恶化等问题日益突出,地区灌溉发展面临着挑战。用现代的理念和科学技术对灌区进行现代化节水改造,提高灌区的灌溉水利用率和生产效率是当前水利工作的重点之一。基于此,本文以兵团南疆第三师前海灌区44团骨干工程节水改造项目为例,通过计算该灌区需水量、并进行供需平衡分析,以期为灌区改造提供理论支撑。

西南地区灌区节水工程的综合评估及应用研究

在西南地区,灌区节水工程对于合理利用水资源和保护生态环境具有重要意义。在对具体西南地区灌区的分析基础上,提出灌区节水工程的综合评估方法。通过对灌区概况进行研究以及对灌溉水利用系数进行计算,建立灌区节水工程评估体系,确定评估结果分级标准。试验结果中,计算了5个灌区的12个指标无量纲化值,同时对灌区的12项指标进行准确评价,研究方法在西南地区灌区评估上具有实际意义。

安溪县主要灌区节水改造综合整治工程建设紧迫性评估

结合安溪县主要流域灌区的状况,构建起节水改造综合整治工程评价体系,该体系包含5个一级指标与12个次级指标,将基础数据进行正向化与无量纲化处理后,结合具体等级标准得出各灌区的工程建设紧迫性评估结果:一都溪流域的灌区存在明显问题,需要立即开展节水改造综合整治工程;蓝溪与龙潭溪流域的灌区问题较为严重,节水改造综合整治工程建设的紧迫性很高;福前溪流域的灌区问题严重程度一般,需要对处于比较紧迫情况下的次级指标进行改善。

节水型灌区创建现状与完善建议——以安徽省东方红水库灌区和淠史杭灌区(木南片)为例

节水型灌区创建是提升农业灌溉用水效率、促进灌区高质量发展、强化水资源刚性约束的重要举措。通过分析安徽两个节水型灌区——岳西县东方红水库灌区和六安市金安区淠史杭灌区(木南片)创建中面临的形势与存在的问题,厘清节水型灌区创建关键因素与技术导向,对照节水型灌区创建要求与标准,分析指出节水型灌区创建现状及重点难点。

水资源总量约束条件下玛纳斯河灌区水资源优化配置

针对干旱绿洲灌区水资源系统中存在的水资源供需矛盾问题,采用Lasso算法预测玛纳斯河灌区不同规划水平年需水量,开展绿洲灌区水资源供需平衡分析;构建干旱绿洲灌区水资源优化配置模型,采用LINGO语言对模型求解,通过模糊综合评价模型对玛纳斯河灌区水资源配置结果进行和谐度评价.研究结果表明:2025年和2030年玛纳斯河灌区需水量分别超出用水总量控制指标0.43亿m^(3)和1.04亿m^(3),水资源供需矛盾突出;基于LINGO语言求解多目标规划模型最优解得到灌区规划发展最优方案,优化后灌区2025年和2030年用水总量分别降低5.88%和11.04%,水资源供需矛盾得到一定程度缓解;构建和谐性模糊综合评价模型,以判断灌区和谐水平并得出评价结果.研究结果可以为干旱绿洲灌区水资源优化配置提供基础依据.

大型灌区节水改造项目实施效果综合评价

为了客观准确评价大型灌区节水改造项目的实施效果,将大型灌区节水改造实施效果分为优秀(Ⅰ)、良好(Ⅱ)、中等(Ⅲ)和较差(Ⅳ)4级,选取建设过程规范程度、建设任务及投资完成程度、实现效益、管理与改革和灌区可持续发展5个一级指标、12个二级指标和35个三级指标,构建了大型灌区节水改造实施效果的综合评价指标体系.采用博弈论综合赋权法计算评价指标的组合权重,建立了大型灌区节水改造项目实施效果综合评价云模型.以湖北省某大型灌区节水改造项目为例进行实例验证,得到了该灌区综合评价结果对于优秀的隶属度为0.5316,表明该灌区节水改造实施效果综合评价为优秀,评价结果与灌区实际情况基本一致,且该模型的评价结果更加科学准确,可为大型灌区节水改造项目建设和管理提供依据.

湖南省大中型灌区续建配套与节水改造效果评价

通过构建湖南省大中型灌区续建配套与节水改造评价指标体系,采用熵值法与线性加权和法对2011—2020年湖南省大中型灌区续建配套与节水改造项目实施效果进行评价,并提出有针对性的建议,以更好地推进灌区续建配套与节水改造。结果表明:2011—2020年湖南省大中型灌区续建配套与节水改造效果的综合得分提高61.2%,呈现出稳步提升的趋势;长株潭、湘南、湘中、湘西和环洞庭湖五大片区大中型灌区续建配套与节水改造综合得分总体均呈现稳定上升的趋势,但存在一定的差异,且呈现出不同的增长趋势;2020年,四大准则层得分占综合得分的比重情况为经济效益>节水效益>社会效益>生态效益,2011—2020年五大片区在4个准则层的得分存在不平衡现象,且存在优劣势差异。在此基础上,提出要打造现代化智慧灌区,促进各片区灌区协同发展;推广先进节水灌溉技术,提高灌区为农业生产服务的综合能力;坚持绿色发展,保护生态环境。

基于逻辑斯谛分布的大型灌区节水改造项目实施效果模糊综合评价

大型灌区节水改造项目投资大,影响因素多,为了客观评价大型灌区节水改造项目实施效果,评判是否达到改造目标,从工程建设情况、节水增收效益、灌区管理改革与灌区可持续发展4个方面,筛选出25个评价指标,提出4级分级标准和方法,建立了大型灌区节水改造项目实施效果评价指标体系。采用逻辑斯谛分布确定隶属度函数,对最大隶属度法进行改进,提出了基于逻辑斯谛分布的大型灌区节水改造项目实施效果模糊综合评价方法。以河北省某大型灌区为例进行实例评价,得出该灌区节水改造项目实施效果的综合隶属度为0.5730,总体评价为良好(Ⅱ),评价结果与灌区节水改造项目实施的实际情况基本一致。