Stark-potential evaporative cooling of polar molecules in a novel optical-access opened electrostatic trap

We propose a novel optical-access opened electrostatic trap to study the Stark-potential evaporative cooling of polar molecules by using two charged disk electrodes with a central hole of radius r0 = 1.5 mm, and derive a set of new analytical equations to calculate the spatial distributions of the electrostatic field in the above charged-disk layout. Afterwards, we calculate the electric-field distributions of our electrostatic trap and the Stark potential for cold ND3 molecules, and analyze the dependences of both the electric field and the Stark potential on the geometric parameters of our charged-disk scheme, and find an optimal condition to form a desirable trap with the same trap depth in the x, y, and z directions. Also, we propose a desirable scheme to realize an efficient loading of cold polar molecules in the weak-field-seeking states, and investigate the dependences of the loading efficiency on both the initial forward velocity of the incident molecular beam and the loading time by Monte Carlo simulations. Our study shows that the maximal loading efficiency of our trap scheme can reach about 95%, and the corresponding temperature of the trapped cold molecules is about 28.8 inK. Finally, we study the Stark-potential evaporative cooling for cold polar molecules in our trap by the Monte Carlo method, and find that our simulated evaporative cooling results are consistent with our developed analytical model based on trapping-potential evaporative cooling.

Two types of highly efficient electrostatic traps for single loading or multi-loading of polar molecules

Two novel electrostatic traps named octopole-based disk electrostatic trap(ODET)and tubular-based disk electrostatic trap(TDET)are proposed for trapping cold polar molecules in low-field-seeking states.Using MgF as the target molecule,single loading and multi-loading methods are numerically simulated with varied incident velocities of slow molecular beams in the two types of traps,respectively.In ODET,with an incident velocity of 10 m/s,a highest loading efficiency of 78.4% or 99.9% has been achieved under the single loading or multi-loading operation mode.In TDET,with an incident velocity of 11 m/s,a highest loading efficiency of 81.6% or 106.5% has been achieved using the two loading methods,respectively.With such high loading efficiencies,the trapped cold molecules can be applied in the researches of cold collisions,high precision spectroscopy,and precision measurements.Especially,together with a blue-detuned hollow beam,the new electrostatic traps proposed here offer a new platform for the following gradient-intensity cooling of MgF molecules,which may provide a new way to produce high density ultracold molecules.

Electrostatic surface trap for cold polar molecules on a chip

We propose a simple scheme for trapping cold polar molecules in low-field seeking states on the surface of a chip by using a grounded metal plate and two finite-length charged wires that half embanked in an insulating substrate, calculate the electric field distributions generated by our charged-wire layout in free space and the corresponding Stark potentials for ND3 molecules, and analyze the dependence of the trapping center position on the geometric parameters. Moreover, the loading and trapping processes of cold ND3 molecules are studied by using the Monte Carlo method. Our study shows that the loading efficiency of the trap scheme can reach 11.5%, and the corresponding temperature of the trapped cold molecules is about 26.4 mK.

一种针对弱场搜寻态冷极性分子的可控静电表面囚禁方案

提出一种使用带电金属环和六个球电极和一个外加偏置电场实现对冷极性分子静电囚禁的新方案.计算装载和囚禁时空间电场分布.囚禁中心距离芯片表面的高度可以通过外电场和环形电极所加电压来操控.蒙特卡罗模拟表明对于中心速度为15 m·s^(-1)的ND3分子束,装载效率可以达到70%,得到冷分子的温度大约为45 mK.当继续增加偏置电场强度时,单阱分裂为对称的两个阱.如果同时改变球形电极上所加电压,得到不对称的两个阱,可以借此来调节两个阱中所囚禁的冷分子数目的比例.为了易于理解,用蒙特卡罗方法模拟了装载、囚禁、分裂冷分子波包的动力学过程.

重力光学势阱中消逝波冷却原子的蒙特卡罗研究

讨论了三能级原子在消逝波光场作用下的Ｓｉｓｙｐｈｕｓ冷却和几何冷却机制， 通过蒙特卡罗（Ｍｏｎｔｅ－Ｃａｒｌｏ）方法分别模拟了消逝波光场在方锥形势阱和圆锥形势阱两种情况下对原子冷却的动力学过程， 并计算了原子在不同的失谐量、激光功率及消逝波的判断宽度下的冷却情况。结果表明， 增大消逝波的激光功率能有效地减少原子的损耗， 但对冷却结果影响不大； 而消逝波的判断宽度不够宽时， 结果偏差较大； 对于方锥形势阱， 失谐量越小， 原子的最终温度也越低； 在其它条件相同的情况下， 方锥形势阱比圆锥形势阱更有效， 原子能达到更低的温度和更高的密度， 因而在原子光学， 如原子干涉仪、原子激光等应用中更为有用。

基于人工神经网络的超冷原子实验多参数自主优化系统

实验参数的优化调整在冷原子实验中是最基础且最重要的工作,优良实验结果的获得离不开实验参数的不断优化。提出了一种基于人工神经网络的超冷原子实验多参数自主优化方案。首先,详细介绍了神经网络结构的设置、自优化的学习策略。然后,将神经网络与全局最优化模拟退火算法相结合搭建了相应的多参数自主优化系统。最后,进行了利用直接蒙特卡罗模拟方法模拟磁光阱中冷原子动力学行为的实验,对所提系统的性能进行了验证。实验结果表明,经过约30 h的优化迭代,所提方案有效完成了对冷原子动力学行为实验系统输入参数的优化,并得到了一个稳定、有效且最优的实验结果。

芯片表面的冷极性分子静电阱与微阱阵列

提出一种利用三根载荷金属杆来实现在芯片表面陷俘冷极性分子的静电阱.给出空间静电场等高线分布.通过调节电极电压操控阱中心距离芯片表面的高度.用经典的蒙特卡罗方法模拟冷分子被装载和囚禁的动力学过程.方案对中心速度为11 m·s-1的冷分子束,最大装载效率可以达到40%,阱中分子的温度大约为25 mK.方案可以进一步微型化、集成化,形成一维和二维静电微阱阵列,在量子计算、低维物理等方面有应用价值.