The ever-normal granary system was an official granary management system in ancient China.Throughout its existence,the system functioned as a major means of adjusting the price of grain and provided disaster relief.Fe...The ever-normal granary system was an official granary management system in ancient China.Throughout its existence,the system functioned as a major means of adjusting the price of grain and provided disaster relief.Few studies on the system touches upon the relationship between grain price fluctuation and the development of the grain market,or the ever-normal granary system and its related economic school of thoughts.Starting with the development of the grain market and the relationship between the price of grain and grain reserves,and through a systematic review of the debate on the ever-normal granary system and grain prices among high-level officials of the Qing government in the 13th year of Emperor Qianlong’s reign(1748),this paper analyzes the historical process and reasons for the change in thoughts on the ever-normal granary system and discusses the historical path of how economic phenomenon gave rise to the clash of economic thoughts that influenced the evolution of this economic institution.展开更多
交替投影时序逻辑(alternating projection temporal logic,简称APTL)公式简单易懂,表达能力强;不仅可以描述经典时序逻辑LTL可以描述的性质,而且可以描述与区间相关的顺序和循环性质以及开放系统和多智能体系统中与博弈相关的性质.在...交替投影时序逻辑(alternating projection temporal logic,简称APTL)公式简单易懂,表达能力强;不仅可以描述经典时序逻辑LTL可以描述的性质,而且可以描述与区间相关的顺序和循环性质以及开放系统和多智能体系统中与博弈相关的性质.在验证系统是否满足所给的APTL公式所描述的性质之前需要检查公式的可满足性.根据检查APTL公式的可满足性的方法,开发实现了工具APTL2BCG.具体细节如下:首先,利用公式P的范式构造P的标记范式图(labeled normal form graph,简称LNFG);然后,将LNFG转化为广义的基于并发博弈结构的交替Büchi自动机(generalized alternating Büchi automaton over concurrent game structure,简称GBCG);最后,将GBCG转化为基于并发博弈结构的交替Büchi自动机(alternating Büchi automaton over concurrent game structure,简称BCG)并且化为最简形式并检查公式P的可满足性.展开更多
文摘The ever-normal granary system was an official granary management system in ancient China.Throughout its existence,the system functioned as a major means of adjusting the price of grain and provided disaster relief.Few studies on the system touches upon the relationship between grain price fluctuation and the development of the grain market,or the ever-normal granary system and its related economic school of thoughts.Starting with the development of the grain market and the relationship between the price of grain and grain reserves,and through a systematic review of the debate on the ever-normal granary system and grain prices among high-level officials of the Qing government in the 13th year of Emperor Qianlong’s reign(1748),this paper analyzes the historical process and reasons for the change in thoughts on the ever-normal granary system and discusses the historical path of how economic phenomenon gave rise to the clash of economic thoughts that influenced the evolution of this economic institution.
文摘交替投影时序逻辑(alternating projection temporal logic,简称APTL)公式简单易懂,表达能力强;不仅可以描述经典时序逻辑LTL可以描述的性质,而且可以描述与区间相关的顺序和循环性质以及开放系统和多智能体系统中与博弈相关的性质.在验证系统是否满足所给的APTL公式所描述的性质之前需要检查公式的可满足性.根据检查APTL公式的可满足性的方法,开发实现了工具APTL2BCG.具体细节如下:首先,利用公式P的范式构造P的标记范式图(labeled normal form graph,简称LNFG);然后,将LNFG转化为广义的基于并发博弈结构的交替Büchi自动机(generalized alternating Büchi automaton over concurrent game structure,简称GBCG);最后,将GBCG转化为基于并发博弈结构的交替Büchi自动机(alternating Büchi automaton over concurrent game structure,简称BCG)并且化为最简形式并检查公式P的可满足性.